A subnormal completion problem for weighted shifts on directed trees, II

The subnormal completion problem on a directed tree is to de-termine, given a collection of weights on a subtree, whether the weightsmay be completed to the weights of a subnormal weighted shift on thedirected tree. We study this problem on a directed tree with a singlebranching point,ηbranches and the trunk of length 1 and its subtreewhich is the “truncation” of the full tree to vertices of generation notexceeding 2. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions written interms of two parameter sequences for the existence of a subnormal com-pletion in which the resulting measures are 2-atomic. As a consequence,we obtain a solution of the subnormal completion problem for this pairof directed trees whenη<∞.Ifη= 2, we present a solution writtenexplicitly in terms of initial data

Comparison of the Transcutaneous Bilirubin Readings at the Forehead during Crying with Those during Quiet State in Neonatal Jaundice

We compared TcB readings at the forehead and the mid-sternum during crying with those during quiet state in 70 healthy full-term neonates in order to investigate the effect of crying on TcB readings by using a Minolta/ Air-Shields Jaundice Meter. The average TcB reading at the forehead during quiet state was 18.37 + 2.41, while during crying the average reading were 17.07 + 2.20. TcB readings at the forehead during crying was significantly decreased compared with the TcB readings during quiet state with a difference of 1.30+0.96(r=0.78, P<O.OI). The average TcB reading at the mid-sternum during quiet state was 17.07+ 1.66, while during crying the average reading was 16.80 + 1.66. TcB readings at the mid-sternum during crying were not significantly decreased compared with TcB readings during quiet state with the difference of 0.20+0.90(P>0.05). The decreasing effect of crying at the forehead was more influential -at the higher TcB reading(TcB>20) than at the lower TcB reading(l5<TcB<20), while at the mid-sternum there was no crying effect on both the lower and the higher TcB readings. As mechanisms of the effect of crying on TcB readings at the forehead, we suggest that wrinkling causes the scattering of light by poor contact between the TcB probe and the surface of the forehead skin and the hemodynamyc effect, that of hemoconcentration and changes of skin color during crying. In conclusion, we should be careful when measuring TcB at the forehead because the babies often cry during measurements. We recommend that TcB measurements at the forehead should be taken during quiet state at the newborn nursery

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Lung function, coronary artery calcification, and metabolic syndrome in 4905 Korean males

SummaryBackgroundImpaired lung function is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. We assessed the relationships of lung function with insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MetS), systemic inflammation and coronary artery calcification score (CACS) measured by computed tomography (CT) scan an indicator of coronary atherosclerosis.MethodsWe identified 4905 adult male patients of the Health Promotion Center in Samsung Medical Center between March 2005 and February 2008 and retrospectively reviewed the following data for these patients: pulmonary function, CT-measured CACS, anthropometric measurement, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). MetS was defined according to the AHA/NHLBI criteria.ResultsWhen the subjects were divided into four groups according to quartiles of FVC or FEV1 (% pred), serum CRP level, HOMA-IR, prevalence of MetS and CACS significantly increased as the FVC or FEV1 (% pred) decreased. The odds ratios (ORs) for MetS in the lowest quartiles of FVC and FEV1 (% pred) were 1.85 (95% CI, 1.49–2.30; p<0.001) and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.20–1.81; p<0.001) respectively. The ORs for the presence of coronary artery calcification in the lowest quartiles of FVC and FEV1 (% pred) were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.09–1.58; p=0.004) and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.02–1.46; p=0.029) respectively. Obesity, CRP, HOMA-IR, and the presence of coronary artery calcium were independent risk predictors for impaired lung function.ConclusionMetabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, coronary atherosclerosis, and systemic inflammation are closely related to the impaired lung function

Effect of Incivility, Resilience, and Social Support Experienced by Nursing Students on Burnout in Clinical Practice

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine effect of incivility, resilience, and social support experienced by nursing students on burnout in clinical practice. METHODS: Subjects were 140 nursing students who agreed to participate in this study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson&apos;s correlation and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN 23.0 program. RESULTS: Burnout showed significantly positive correlation with incivility but significantly negative correlations with resilience and social support. Factors affecting burnout were satisfaction with major-dissatisfaction, satisfaction with major-average, social support, grade, and relationship with peers. Satisfaction with major (dissatisfaction) had the greatest effect on burnout, explaining 41% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: According to this study, dissatisfaction with major was identified as the most significant factor influencing burnout of nursing students in clinical practice. Therefore, it is important to develop and implement programs that can reduce dissatisfaction with major and increase social support and relationship with peers in order to lower burnout of nursing students. In addition, a systemic management of fourth-grade students with a high level of clinical practice is necessary to reduce the level of clinical practice. The authors declared no conflict of interest

Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in a community-based population : a potential role in adult-onset asthma

Background: Recent studies suggest that Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin sensitization is a risk factor for asthma. However, there is a paucity of epidemiologic evidence on adult-onset asthma in community-based populations. Objective: We sought to evaluate the epidemiology and the clinical significance of staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in community-based adult populations. Methods: The present analyses were performed using the baseline data set of Korean adult population surveys, consisting of 1080 adults (mean age=60.2years) recruited from an urban and a rural community. Questionnaires, methacholine challenge tests, and allergen skin tests were performed for defining clinical phenotypes. Sera were analysed for total IgE and enterotoxin-specific IgE using ImmunoCAP. Results: Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization (0.35kU/L) had a prevalence of 27.0%. Risk factors were identified as male sex, current smoking, advanced age (61years), and inhalant allergen sensitization. Current asthma was mostly adult onset (18years old) and showed independent associations with high enterotoxin-specific IgE levels in multivariate logistic regression tests. In multivariate linear regressions, staphylococcal enterotoxin-specific IgE level was identified as the major determinant factor for total IgE level. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization was independently associated with adult-onset asthma in adult community populations. Strong correlations between the enterotoxin-specific IgE and total IgE levels support the clinical significance. The present findings warrant further studies for the precise roles of staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in the asthma pathogenesis

Overexpression of USF increases TGF-beta1 protein levels, but G1 phase arrest was not induced in FRTL-5 cells

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a potent inhibitor of cellular growth and proliferation by G1 phase arrest or apoptosis. We investigated the association of TGF-beta1 with the anti-proliferative effect of upstream stimulatory factor (USF) in Fischer rat thyroid cell line (FRTL-5) cells. [methyl-(3)H] thymidine uptake was measured after treatment of FRTL-5 cells with TGF-beta1 to identify its anti-proliferative effect. USF-1 and USF-2 proteins were in vitro translated, and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to identify the interaction between USF and the TGF-beta1 promoter. FRTL-5 cells were transfected with USF cDNA, and then the expression of TGF-beta1 was examined with Northern and Western blotting. The cell cycle-regulating proteins associated with TGF-beta1 were also measured. TGF-beta1 significantly inhibited [methyl-(3)H] thymidine uptake in FRTL-5 cells. Two specific binding sites for USF were found in the TGF-beta1 promoter: -1,846 approximately -1,841 (CACATG) and -621 approximately -616 (CATGTG). Overexpression of USF increased both the mRNA levels and protein levels of TGF-beta1. However, the expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin E, and CDK2, and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein remained unchanged. Overexpression of USF in FRTL-5 cells increased the expression of TGF-beta10 through specific binding to TGF-beta1 promoter. However, the USF-induced expression of TGF-beta1 did not cause G1 arrest