An Asymmetric Index to Compare Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers

In this paper, we present a tool to help reduce the uncertainty presented in the resource selection problem when information is subjective in nature. The candidates and the "ideal" resource required by evaluators are modeled by fuzzy subsets whose elements are trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TrFN). By modeling with TrFN the subjective variables used to determine the best among a set of resources, one should take into account in the decision-making process, not only their expected value, but also the uncertainty that they reflect. Respecting this condition, for each candidate an asymmetric index evaluates the distance between the TrFNs for each of the variables and the corresponding TrFNs of the "ideal" candidate, consolidating them through a weighted average that lets the decision-maker make the final comparison between the candidates, and the selection of the one best suited. We apply this contribution to the case of the selection of the product that is best suited for a "pilot test" to be carried out in some market segment

mutualinf: An R Package for Computing and Decomposing the Mutual Information Index of Segregation

In this article, we present the R package mutualinf for computing and decomposing the mutual information index of segregation by means of recursion and parallelization techniques. The mutual information index is the only multigroup index of segregation that satisfies strong decompos- ability properties, both for organizational units and groups. The mutualinf package contributes by (1) implementing the decomposition of the mutual information index into a “between” and a “within” term; (2) computing, in a single call, a chain of decompositions that involve one “between” term and several “within” terms; (3) providing the contributions of the variables that define the groups or the organizational units to the overall segregation; and (4) providing the demographic weights and local indexes employed in the computation of the “within” term. We illustrate the use of mutualinf using Chilean school enrollment data. With these data, we study socioeconomic and ethnic segregation in schools.Rafael Fuentealba-Chaura and Julio Rojas-Mora acknowledge the financial support by the FONDE- CYT/ANID Project 11170583. Ricardo Mora and Daniel Guinea-Martin acknowledge the financial support of MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Project no. PID2019-108576RB-I00). Cluster time was provided by the UCT VIP Project FEQUIP2019-INRN-03

A study of non-neutral networks

Hahn and Wallsten [3] wrote that net neutrality usually means that broadband service providers charge consumers only once for Internet access, do not favor one content provider over another, and do not charge content providers for sending information over broadband lines to end users." In this paper we study the implications of being non-neutral, particularly by charging the content providers. Using game theoretic tools, we show that by adding the option for the service providers to charge the content providers, not only may the content providers and the internauts suer, but also the access provider's performance degrades

Public consultations on net neutrality 2010

International audienceThe evolution of the Internet has come to a point where almost at the same time, governments all around the world feel the need for legislation to regulate the use of the Internet. In preparing the legislation, consultations were called by various governments or by the corresponding regulation bodies. We describe in this paper the various consultations as well as the background related to the Net Neutrality question in each case. Rather than describing the answers to each consultation, which are available and which have already been analyzed, we focus on comparing the consultations and the statistical figures related to the participation in them

Simulating Bandwidth Sharing with Pareto distributed File Sizes

The traffic on the internet has known to be heavy tailed: the size of file transfers through FTP or HTTP applications, as well as those transferred by P2P applications has been observed to have a very heavy tail. Typically modeled as Pareto distributed with parameter between 1.05 to 1.5, the file size has infinite variance. This is the source of many difficulties in simulating data traffic: convergence is very slow, simulations have to be very long, and the standard methods for deriving confidence intervals, based on the CLT, are not applicable here. We illustrate these well known problems through the simulation study of a processor sharing queue, which is often used to model session level resource sharing in the internet. We test bootstrap methods to accelerate convergence and improve the precision of simulations, and test a direct approach to obtain confidence interval based on the histogram of the empirical distributions. The conclusion drawn are then compared to those obtained when simulating in ns2 data transfer using TC

Internet access: where law, economy, culture and technology meet

Internet growth has allowed unprecedented widespread access to cultural creation including music and films, to knowledge, and to a wide range of consumer information. At the same time, it has become a huge source of business opportunities. Along with great benefits that this access to the Internet provides, the open and free access to the Internet has encountered large opposition based on political, economical and ethical reasons. An ongoing battle over the control on Internet access has been escalating on all these fronts. In this paper we describe first some of the ideological roots of free access to the Internet along with its main opponents. We then focus on the problem of “Internet piracy” and analyze the efficiency of efforts to reduce the availability of copyrighted creations that are available for non-authorized free download

Public consultations on Net Neutrality 2010: USA, EU and France

The evolution of the Internet has come to a point where almost at the same time, governments all around the world feel the need for legislation to regulate the use of the Internet. In preparing the legislation, consultations were called by various governments or by the corresponding regulation bodies. We describe in this paper the various consultations as well as the background related to the Net Neutrality question in each case. Rather than describing the answers to each consultation, which are available and which have already been analyzed, we focus on comparing the consultations and the statistical figures related to the participation in them.L'évolution de l'Internet est arrivé à un point où presque simultanément, des gouvernements au tour du globe ont senti le besoin de légiférer pour réguler l'usage de l'Internet. En préparant ces législations, des consultations publiques ont été proposées par les autorités. Nous décrivons dans cet article plusieurs consultations ainsi que les circonstences liées à la question de la Neutralité dans chaque cas. Au lieu de décrir les réponses, déja connues et analysées, nous nous focalisons sur la comparaison entre les consultations et sur les données statistiques qui en sont liées

Internet access: where law, economy, culture and technology meet

Internet growth has allowed unprecedented widespread access to cultural creation including music and films, to knowledge, and to a wide range of consumer information. At the same time, it has become a huge source of business opportunities. Along with great benefits that this access to the Internet provides, the open and free access to the Internet has encountered large opposition based on political, economical and ethical reasons. An ongoing battle over the control on Internet access has been escalating on all these fronts. In this paper we describe first some of the ideological roots of free access to the Internet along with its main opponents. We then focus on the problem of “Internet piracy” and analyze the efficiency of efforts to reduce the availability of copyrighted creations that are available for non-authorized free download

Internet access: where law, economy, culture and technology meet

Internet growth has allowed unprecedented widespread access to cultural creation including music and films, to knowledge, and to a wide range of consumer information. At the same time, it has become a huge source of business opportunities. Along with great benefits that this access to the Internet provides, the open and free access to the Internet has encountered large opposition based on political, economical and ethical reasons. An ongoing battle over the control on Internet access has been escalating on all these fronts. In this paper we describe first some of the ideological roots of free access to the Internet along with its main opponents. We then focus on the problem of “Internet piracy” and analyze the efficiency of efforts to reduce the availability of copyrighted creations that are available for non-authorized free download