Brief of Tax Law Professors as \u3ci\u3eAmici Curiae\u3c/i\u3e in Support of Petitioner in \u3ci\u3eLoudoun County, Virginia v. Dulles Duty Free, LLC\u3c/i\u3e

Amici are professors of tax law at universities across the United States. As scholars and teachers, they have considered the doctrinal roots and practical consequences of judicial limits on state and local taxation. Amici join this brief solely on their own behalf and not as representatives of their universities. A full list of amici appears in the Appendix to this brief

Family functioning

Previous research has demonstrated a relation between negative family functioning, for example poor communication between family members, physical and verbal abuse, and emotional distance, and low self-esteem and depression in adults, and introversion in children. The current study examines the relation between family functioning, as measured by the Family Functioning Scale (FFS), and introversion, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inverntory-2 (MMPI-2) in adults and further investigates the relation between family functioning and low self-esteem and depression. Participants were 107 students from a Midwestern university (51 men and 56 women) ranging in age from 18 to 36 (mean age =19.5). Participants completed computerized versions of the MMPI-2 and FFS, as part of a larger study. Zero-order correlations were calculated between the FFS total scores and MMPI-2 scales designed to measure low self esteem, depression, and introversion. Significant correlations were then entered into a stepwise hierarchical regression analysis to determine which MMPI-2 scales accounted for the most variance in the FFS scores. Results indicated that demoralization (RCd) and negative emotionality (NEGE) were the best predictors of family functioning. These results suggested that adults from backgrounds of positive family functioning are less likely to be introverted or report problems with depression and low self-esteem.Honors College"May 2008."Thesis (B.?.

Family functioning

Previous research has demonstrated a relation between negative family functioning, for example poor communication between family members, physical and verbal abuse, and emotional distance, and low self-esteem and depression in adults, and introversion in children. The current study examines the relation between family functioning, as measured by the Family Functioning Scale (FFS), and introversion, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inverntory-2 (MMPI-2) in adults and further investigates the relation between family functioning and low self-esteem and depression. Participants were 107 students from a Midwestern university (51 men and 56 women) ranging in age from 18 to 36 (mean age =19.5). Participants completed computerized versions of the MMPI-2 and FFS, as part of a larger study. Zero-order correlations were calculated between the FFS total scores and MMPI-2 scales designed to measure low self esteem, depression, and introversion. Significant correlations were then entered into a stepwise hierarchical regression analysis to determine which MMPI-2 scales accounted for the most variance in the FFS scores. Results indicated that demoralization (RCd) and negative emotionality (NEGE) were the best predictors of family functioning. These results suggested that adults from backgrounds of positive family functioning are less likely to be introverted or report problems with depression and low self-esteem.Thesis (B.?.)"May 2008."Honors Colleg

I know I have to earn your love: how the family environment shapes feelings of worthiness of love

Parental conditional regard is a parenting practice which may lead to negative outcomes for the child. Yet, no research has examined whether feelings of love worthiness may be dependent upon conditional parental regard. Furthermore, certain conditions within the family environment may exacerbate this effect. Across two studies, undergraduate students were asked to report on perceptions of parental conditional regard, aspects of the family life growing up and how often they felt worthy of love (WOL). In Study 1, 91 individuals were asked to respond to open-ended questions about their feelings of parental conditional regard, as well as complete Likert-type questions about their family environment and feelings of love worthiness. In Study 2, 211 individuals completed Likert-type scales assessing their perceptions of parental conditional regard, family environment and feelings of love worthiness. Overall, perceptions of parental conditional regard were associated with feeling WOL less often, and this association was due to the lack of a positive family environment and the presence of negative conditions. These results highlight the importance of parenting practices, specifically a positive family environment, for the development of schemas of the self as WOL from others

Brief of Tax Law Professors as \u3ci\u3eAmici Curiae\u3c/i\u3e in Support of Petitioner in \u3ci\u3eLoudoun County, Virginia v. Dulles Duty Free, LLC\u3c/i\u3e

Amici are professors of tax law at universities across the United States. As scholars and teachers, they have considered the doctrinal roots and practical consequences of judicial limits on state and local taxation. Amici join this brief solely on their own behalf and not as representatives of their universities. A full list of amici appears in the Appendix to this brief