O impacto da abordagem dietoterápica em mulheres com diagnóstico de síndrome do intestino irritável: revisão de literatura / The impact of the diet therapeutic approach on women with diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome: literature review

A Síndrome do Intestino Irritável (SII) consiste em um distúrbio intestinal e funcional, que obtêm destaque para a população feminina, no qual os pacientes com SII apresentam maior comprometimento de sua Qualidade de Vida (QV) em comparação com a população saudável. Comumente os indivíduos apresentam o desenvolvimento e amplificação da sintomatologia após o consumo alimentar. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir o impacto da alimentação na qualidade de vida de mulheres portadoras da SII com base na literatura disponível. Esta pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, que utilizou as bases de dados PubMed e Google Acadêmico para realizar a pesquisa no período entre agosto a setembro de 2021. Os resultados encontrados estão disponíveis em dez artigos publicados entre os anos de 2016 a 2021. Discutiu-se a relação entre a disbiose intestinal e fisiopatologia da SII na promoção da melhora da qualidade de vida por meio da intervenção dietoterápica.  Desse modo, a restrição de carboidratos foi protagonista na atenuação da sintomatologia, em decorrência da recuperação da integridade intestinal, por meio da redução da dismotilidade intestinal, promovendo maior absorção dos alimentos, melhora da formação das fezes (impacto na consistência e frequência das fezes e evacuação). Tais resultados dependem do acompanhamento nutricional eficaz destacando a importância da atuação do profissional nutricionista no tratamento dietético da disbiose. Por fim, pode-se afirmar que a abordagem dietoterápica acompanhada pelo nutricionista é satisfatória na promoção de qualidade de vida de mulheres portadoras de SII, devido à melhora da sintomatologia

New formulation of an old drug in hypertension treatment: the sustained release of captopril from cyclodextrin nanoparticles

Captopril (CAP) was the first angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to be developed and is widely used in hypertension treatment. On the other hand, cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides whose cone-shaped cavity allows formation of noncovalent inclusion complexes with appropriately sized guest molecules, thus modifying guest physical, chemical, and biological properties. Herein, the physicochemical characterization and in vivo ACE inhibition evaluation of seven CAP/CD complexes are reported. The inclusion complexes were prepared by spray-drying, freeze-drying, kneading, or lyophilization methods and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. In vivo assays compared CAP and CAP/CD complex administration (0.5 mg kg−1 or 0.09 mg kg−1, n = 4–7) to evaluate the ACE inhibition by continuous infusion of angiotensin I (30 ng 50 μL−1 min−1) in conscious Wistar rats. The physicochemical analysis demonstrated complete amorphization and complexation between CAP and CDs, indicating the substitution of water molecules inside the CD cavity with CAP. During the infusion of angiotensin I, the administration of all CAP/CD complexes induced a reduction in mean arterial pressure similar to that observed upon CAP administration. The nanoparticles obtained by the kneading method (CAP/α-CD:KM) showed a potent and long-lasting inhibitory activity (∼22 hours) on the angiotensin I pressor effect. The results suggest that the inclusion complex of CAP and α-CD can function as a novel antihypertensive formulation that may improve therapeutic use of CAP by reducing its oral dose administration to once per day, thus providing better quality of life for almost 25% of the world’s population who suffer from hypertension

Evaluation of immunization with purine salvation pathway recombinant enzymes in Schistosoma mansoni worms and eggs in murine schistosomiasis

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), on tropical and subtropical areas, schistosomiasis is the second parasitic disease of greater prevalence, in terms of morbidity and mortality, surpassed only by malaria. The Praziquantel (PZQ) is used for the treatment of this disease. However, reports of resistant strains reinforce the need to develop a new schistosomicidal drug. The infection by the parasite induces an inflammatory reaction of long duration due to the presence of adult worms living in the mesenteric venous system. The parasite lays eggs in small vessels of the submucosa of the intestines. These eggs are transported by the blood flow to the liver and they cause a granulomatous inflammatory reaction. A new approach can be held by the study of the following Schistosoma mansoni enzymes: purine nucleoside phosphorilase 1 (PNP), hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and adenylate kinase (ADK). The parasite, incapable of synthetizing purine nucleotides through the de novo pathway, has multiple mechanisms to incorporate purine bases through the purine salvage pathway. In our results, we suggest that the immunization in Balb/c mice with the mentioned recombinant enzymes was capable of inducing a specific immune response, favoring the reduction of both the parasite load and number of eggs per gram of feces. The acquired data show that these enzymes can be considered as new targets to immunotherapy against schistosomiasis mansoni.CNPqFAPES

Protein Disulfide Isomerase Modulates the Activation of Thyroid Hormone Receptors

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are responsible for mediating thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) actions at a cellular level. They belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and execute their main functions inside the cell nuclei as hormone-regulated transcription factors. These receptors also exhibit so-called “non-classic” actions, for which other cellular proteins, apart from coregulators inside nuclei, regulate their activity. Aiming to find alternative pathways of TR modulation, we searched for interacting proteins and found that PDIA1 interacts with TRβ in a yeast two-hybrid screening assay. The functional implications of PDIA1—TR interactions are still unclear; however, our co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and fluorescence assay results showed that PDI was able to bind both TR isoforms in vitro. Moreover, T3 appears to have no important role in these interactions in cellular assays, where PDIA1 was able to regulate transcription of TRα and TRβ-mediated genes in different ways depending on the promoter region and on the TR isoform involved. Although PDIA1 appears to act as a coregulator, it binds to a TR surface that does not interfere with coactivator binding. However, the TR:PDIA1 complex affinity and activation are different depending on the TR isoform. Such differences may reflect the structural organization of the PDIA1:TR complex, as shown by models depicting an interaction interface with exposed cysteines from both proteins, suggesting that PDIA1 might modulate TR by its thiol reductase/isomerase activity

Synthesis of 2-amino-3, 5-diols

Orientador: Luiz Carlos DiasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuimicaResumo: A unidade aminodiol está presente em esfingolipídeos que são uma importante classe de biomoléculas. Os esfingolipídeos são componentes das membranas celulares e estão relacionados a processos de crescimento, diferenciação celular e apoptose. Alguns esfingolipídeos como a esfingosina e compostos análogos apresentam atividade antitumoral, por isso metodologias para a obtenção de compostos deste tipo têm despertado a atenção dos químicos orgânicos sintéticos. Assim, neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia curta e eficiente para a preparacao de derivados de 2-amino-3,5-diois, com o intuito de fornecer material para testes biologicos. A sintese aqui apresentada envolveu o acoplamento de uma aliltricloroestanana aquiral com a-aminoaldeidos fornecendo alcoois homoalilicos em bons rendimentos e com alta diastereosseletividade. Em seguida a clivagem oxidativa da dupla ligação presente nos álcoois homoalilicos levou a formacao de b-hidroxicetonas inéditas na literatura. E, por fim, a reducao das b-hidroxicetonas sob diferentes condições conduziu aos 2-amino-3,5-diois 1,3-syn e 1,3-anti em bons rendimentos e excelente diastereosseletividadeAbstract: The aminodiol moiety is present in sphingolipids which are an important class of biologically active compounds. These compounds play an important role in the chemistry of cellular membranes, cell growth differentiation and apoptosis. Some of them, like sphingosine and analogues have showed anticancer activity. Therefore procedures to prepare this kind of compounds have been developed by the organic chemists. In this work we have developed a short and efficient route for the synthesis of 2- amino-3,5-diol derivatives, in order to provide material for further biological studies. Our approach to the 2-amino-3,5-diols involved the coupling of an achiral alilthriclorostannane with a-aminoaldehydes to give the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in good yields and with high levels of diastereoslectivity. Double bond oxidation gave the corresponding b-hydroxyketones in excellent yields. Finally, reduction of the b-hydroxyketones under different conditions gave the desired 2- amino-3,5-diols 1,3-syn and 1,3-anti in good yields and high diastereoselectivitiesMestradoQuimica OrganicaMestre em Químic

Structural insights on hypothetical proteins, secretion chaperones from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

Orientador: Ljubica TasicTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuímicaResumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo a caracterização estrutural de quatro possíveis chaperonas de secreção da bactéria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac). Esta caracterização é importante para entender as funções destas proteínas e consequentemente compreender os mecanismos de virulência da Xac que é a causadora do cancro cítrico. Das quatro proteínas estudadas, a XACb0033 é considerada uma possível chaperona de secreção do sistema de secreção do tipo IV; a XAC1346 são possíveis chaperonas de secreção do sistema de secreção do tipo III e a XAC1990, foi identificada em 2007 como uma proteína do sistema flagelar (FlgN). As quatro proteínas, clonadas em pET23a, foram expressas em E. coli, purificadas e obtidas enoveladas conforme as análises de dicroísmo circular (CD). Por CD também se observou um alto conteúdo helicoidal na estrutura secundária das proteínas. Elas foram caracterizadas por filtração em gel analítica, espectrometria de massas, técnicas de difusão de ressonância magnética nuclear (DOSY-NMR) e espalhamento de raios-X a baixo ângulo (SAXS). Por SAXS obteve-se um modelo do envelope molecular de duas proteínas que foi condizente com a estrutura tridimensional obtida por bioinformática. Baseando-se nos resultados obtidos foi possível especular a classificação da XAC0419 como provável chaperona secretória da classe I e a FlgN (XAC1990) foi classificada como uma chaperona flagelar (classe III); e para a XACb0033 observou-se similaridade estrutural com a VirE1, que é a única chaperona secretória do sistema de secreção do tipo IV conhecida até o momentoAbstract: The aim of this study was the structural characterization of four possible secretion chaperones from the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac). This characterization is very important to better understand the function of such proteins and the virulence mechanisms from Xac, which is the bacterium responsible for provoking the citrus canker. Among the target proteins, XACb0033 is a possible secretion chaperone from type IV secretion system, XAC0419 and XAC1346 are possible secretion chaperones from type III secretion system and XAC1990 was earlier identified as a flagellar protein (FlgN). All four target proteins, cloned into pET23a, were expressed in E. coli, purified and found folded as observed in the circular dichroism analyses (CD). It was also verified (CD experiments) that these proteins have a high helical content. These proteins were further characterized by analytical gel filtration, mass spectrometry (MS), diffusion techniques in nuclear magnetic resonance (DOSY-NMR) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Molecular envelops were built for two target proteins applying the SAXS data. These envelops were in good agreement with the 3D structures predicted by bioinformatics. Finally, XAC0419 was considered a possible class I secretion chaperone based on the obteined results. XAC1990 (FlgN) was confirmed as a flagellar chaperone (class III), while obtained results for XACb0033 pointed structural similarity with VirE1, the unique type IV secretion system chaperone known so farDoutoradoQuimica OrganicaDoutor em Ciência

Chaperone-assisted secretion in bacteria: protein and DNA transport via cell membranes

Bacteria use an impressive arsenal of secretion systems (1-7) to infect their host cells by exporting proteins, DNA and DNA-protein complexes via cell membranes. They use chaperone-usher pathways for host colonization as well. To be targeted for transportation across one (Gram-positive) or two membranes (Gram-negative), clients must be selected, guided and unfolded to pass through type 3 (T3SS) or type 4 (T4SS) secretion systems. For these processes, bacteria count on secretory chaperones that guide macromolecular transport via membranes. Moreover, if we know how these processes occur, we might be able to stop them and avoid bacterial infections. Thus, structural and functional characterizations of secretory chaperones become interesting, as these proteins are the perfect targets for blocking bacteria action. Therefore, this review focuses on a story of known mechanisms of chaperone-secretion assisted transport with special attention on virulence proteins and DNA transport in bacteria1615463COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPSem informação2004/14584-5; 2008/50426-

Structural Insights On Two Hypothetical Secretion Chaperones From Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri.

Several Gram-negative bacterial pathogens have developed type III secretion systems (T3SSs) to deliver virulence proteins directly into eukaryotic cells in a process essential for many diseases. The type III secretion processes require customized chaperones with high specificity for binding partners, thus providing the secretion to occur. Due to the very low sequence similarities among secretion chaperones, annotation and discrimination of a great majority of them is extremely difficult and a task with low scores even if genes are encountered that codify for small (<20 kDa) proteins with low pI and a tendency to dimerise. Concerning about this, herein, we present structural features on two hypothetical T3SSs chaperones belonging to plant pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and suggest how low resolution models based on Small Angle X-ray Scattering patterns can provide new structural insights that could be very helpful in their analysis and posterior classification.30324-3