L'alimentation sur l'oppidum de Boviolles (Meuse) : regards croisés sur la faune, les graines la vaisselle et l'instrumentum

International audienceIn dem Artikel werden verschiedene Gattungen archäologischer Funde aus dem oppidum von Boviolles (Meuse, Lorraine) vorgestellt, die in Zusammenhang mit der Ernährung stehen. In der Zusammenschau geben sie Auskunft zu den Ernährungsgewohnheiten im spätlaténezeitlichen oppidum von Boviolles (Meuse, Lorraine), das während des ersten Jahrhunderts vor Ch. der Hauptort der Leuker warEn réunissant les différentes catégories de mobilier liées à l’alimentation, cet article propose une approche archéologique des pratiques alimentaires domestiques sur l’oppidum de Boviolles, principale agglomération des Leuques au Ier siècle av. J.-

Archéologie de l’agripaume, du pot à la plante : céramologie, botanique et carpologie

Une coupe antique en céramique sigillée (type Drag. 29b) provenant d’une fouille récente réalisée dans la presqu’île lyonnaise portait un décor végétal suffisamment détaillé pour qu’il soit soumis à des spécialistes de la botanique. L’identification de l’agripaume (Leonurus cardiaca L.), plante médicinale connue au moins depuis l’Antiquité, est une occasion de faire le point sur les usages et les attestations carpologiques de cette espèce. Mais aussi de s’interroger sur le caractère exceptionnel de cette représentation naturaliste.A Samian ware bowl found during a recent excavation in the town centre of Lyon (France), situated on a peninsular of the Rhône, was attributed to type Drag. 29b. The ceramic vessel was characterized by a moulded decoration, showing a naturalistic representation of a herbaceous plant, which could be determined by botanists as motherwort Leonurus cardiaca L. This plant species is an old medicinal plant, cultivated and used in eastern Gaul at least since Roman times. This exceptional find offered the opportunity to present the medicinal properties and the use of the plant and its archaeobotanical evidence in eastern Gaul, but also to discuss the exceptional and naturalistic representation of this plant on a moulded decoration of a Samian ware bowl. (trad. : J. Wiethold)Eine reliefverzierte Sigillataschüssel vom Typ Drag. 29b, die zum keramischen Fundmaterial einer jüngst im Bereich der Altstadthalbinsel von Lyon durchgeführten Grabung stammt, weist eine Pflanzendarstellung als Reliefdekor auf, die so präzise ist, dass die dargestellte Pflanze von den Botanikern anhand der charakteristischen Blattform bestimmt werden konnte. Ihre Ansprache als Herzgespann oder Löwenschwanz (Leonurus cardiaca L.), einer zumindest seit der Antike bekannten und genutzten Heilpflanze, bietet die Gelegenheit, die medizinischen Wirkungen der Pflanze, ihre Anwendungen sowie ihre archäobotanischen Nachweise vorzustellen. Ferner wird der außergewöhnliche Charakter dieser bisher einzigartigen, erstaunlich naturalistischen Darstellung auf einer Sigillataschüssel erörtert. (trad. : J. Wiethold

Nasium : Sondage archéologique à Saint-Amand-sur-Ornain " Le Cul de Breuil "

Ce rapport de fouille présente les résultats d'un sondage archéologique mené au cœur du site de Nasium, à l'interface entre l'oppidum celtique et l'agglomération antique. Le système de voirie qui relie ces deux , dans le prolongement d'une des portes principales de l'oppidum, a été ainsi révélé, associé à des structures à caractère funéraire ou rituel. La chronologie de ces vestiges, centrée sur les dernières décennies du Ier siècle avant J.-C., correspond à la période durant laquelle l'oppidum est abandonné au profit de la plaine alluviale de l'Ornain. Par ailleurs, la découverte de plusieurs centaines de clous de chaussure militaires et de céramiques d'origine italique pose la question du rôle de l'armée romaine dans le développement de la ville

Molecular dynamics simulation of gallium phosphide zincblende cutting mechanism

Gallium Phosphide (GaP) has a low machinability, due to high tool wear and the need to induce a High-Pressure Phase Transformation (HPPT). HPPT changes GaP crystallographic structure from zincblende to β-tin. The latter is ductile and metastable, therefore, rather than be experimentally observably, must be simulated using atomistic methods. In this work, Classic Molecular Dynamics Simulations (CMDS) were used to analyse GaP HPPT and tool wear mechanisms during the cutting process. Diamond tools were modelled with 10 nm cutting edge radius, -20º and -10º rake angles, and -10º clearance angle. The simulations revealed that the main shear mechanism involved stacking faults, planar dislocations within the crystal structure, while HPPT had a limited role, being restricted to the deformation zone. A more significant surface crack and tool amorphization were observed for a rake angle -10º

760-4 Initial Multicenter Experience with Therapeutic Ultrasonic Coronary Angioplasty in Patients

Therapeutic ultrasonic (195 kHz) catheters with 1.2 or 1.7 mm ball tips for coronary angioplasty have recently been developed. During the first phase of a multi-center European trial (CRUSADE) this system was evaluated in 100 patients (86% male, mean age 57 years) with symptomatic coronary artery disease or acute myocardial infarction. Lesions were located in the LAD (n = 61), CX (n = 17), and RCA (n = 22); 62% were type B or C; 11 lesions were restenotic, 19 occlusive, 9 longer than 20 mm, 37 calcified, 18 thrombotic, and 15 collateralised.ResultsThe ultrasound catheter crossed 82/100 lesions, adjunctive balloon angioplastywas needed in 98 lesions. There was no death and myocardial infarction, or CABG in the first 24 hours. There was no perforation, but 2 acute vessel closures; intimal cleft or dissection was seen in 17 lesions of which 1 required stenting. Procedural success was obtained in 93%. At 24 hours 11/100 vessels were reoccluded. At 6 months angiographic follow-up in 51 patients restenosis (>50% stenosis) occured in 33%.ConclusionsTherapeutic ultrasound angioplasty is a feasible and safe new treatment modality. Adjunctive balloon angioplasty is regularly necessary. Preliminary experience suggests usefulness in lesions with visible thrombus, and undilatable or uncrossable lesions

The Relationship between Visceral Adiposity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Diagnosed by Controlled Attenuation Parameter in People with HIV: A Pilot Study

Background: Fat alterations are frequent in people with HIV (PWH) and predict worse cardiometabolic outcomes. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. We aimed to investigate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) as a potential marker of visceral adiposity in PWH. Methods: We conducted a prospective pilot study of HIV mono-infected patients undergoing metabolic characterization and paired CAP measured by transient elastography with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. NAFLD was defined as CAP >= 285 dB/m, in absence of alcohol abuse. Excess visceral adiposity was defined as VAT > 1.32 Kg. Pairwise correlation, area under the curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were employed to study the association between VAT and CAP. Results: Thirty patients were included, of whom 50% had NAFLD. CAP was correlated with VAT (r = 0.650, p < 0.001) measured by DEXA scan. After adjusting for duration of HIV infection, body mass index and waist circumference, CAP remained the only independent predictor of excess VAT (adjusted odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.10). The AUC analysis determined CAP had excellent performance to diagnose excess VAT (AUC 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.00), higher than BMI and waist circumference. The optimized CAP cut-off to diagnose excess VAT was 266 dB/m, with a sensitivity of 88.3% and a specificity of 84.6%. Conclusions: NAFLD diagnosed by CAP is associated with VAT in PWH independently of anthropometric measures of obesity. CAP may be a potential diagnostic marker of visceral adiposity in the practice of HIV medicine

High prevalence of dhfr triple mutant and correlation with high rates of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment failures in vivo in Gabonese children

BACKGROUND: Drug resistance contributes to the global malaria burden. Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) polymorphisms confer resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). METHODS: The study assessed the frequency of SP resistance-conferring polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum-positive samples from two clinical studies in Lambaréné. Their role on treatment responses and transmission potential was studied in an efficacy open-label clinical trial with a 28-day follow-up in 29 children under five with uncomplicated malaria. RESULTS: SP was well tolerated by all subjects in vivo. Three subjects were excluded from per-protocol analysis. PCR-corrected, 12/26 (46%) achieved an adequate clinical and parasitological response, 13/26 (50%) were late parasitological failures, while 1/26 (4%) had an early treatment failure, resulting in early trial discontinuation. Of 106 isolates, 98 (92%) carried the triple mutant dhfr haplotype. Three point mutations were found in dhps in a variety of haplotypic configurations. The 437G + 540E double mutant allele was found for the first time in Gabon. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of dhfr triple mutant with some dhps point mutations in Gabon, in line with treatment failures observed, and molecular markers of SP resistance should be closely monitored