Dynamical coupled-channels: the key to understanding resonances

Recent developments on a dynamical coupled-channels model of hadronic and electromagnetic production of nucleon resonances are summarized.Comment: Invited Plenary talk at the 20th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (EFB20), September 10-14 2007, Pisa, Italy. To appear in the proceedings in Few-Body System

Extraction of P11 Resonance from pi-N Data and Its Stability

An important question about resonance extraction is how much resonance poles and residues extracted from data depend on a model used for the extraction, and on the precision of data. We address this question with the dynamical coupled-channel (DCC) model developed in Excited Baryon Analysis Center (EBAC) at JLab. We focus on the P11 pi-N scattering. We examine the model-dependence of the poles by varying parameters to a large extent within the EBAC-DCC model. We find that two poles associated with the Roper resonance are fairly stable against the variation. We also develop a model with a bare nucleon, thereby examining the stability of the Roper poles against different analytic structure of the P11 amplitude below pi-N threshold. We again find a good stability of the Roper poles.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, Contribution to the proceedings of 24th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC), Vancouver, Canada, 4-9 July 201

Extraction of P11 resonances from pi N data

We show that two P11 nucleon resonance poles near the pi Delta threshold, obtained in several analyses, are stable against large variations of parameters within a dynamical coupled-channels analysis based on meson-exchange mechanisms. By also performing an analysis based on a model with a bare nucleon state, we find that this two-pole structure is insensitive to the analytic structure of the amplitude in the region below pi N threshold. Our results are M_pole = (1363^{+9}_{-6} -i79^{+3}_{-5}) MeV and (1373^{+12}_{-10} -i114^{+14}_{-9}) MeV. We also demonstrate that the number of poles in the 1.5 GeV < W < 2 GeV region could be more than one, depending on how the structure of the single-energy solution of SAID is fitted. For three-pole solutions, our best estimated result of a pole near N(1710) listed by Particle Data Group is (1829^{+131}_{-65} -i192^{+88}_{-110}) MeV which is close to the results of several previous analyses. Our results indicate the need of more accurate pi N reaction data in the W > 1.6 GeV region for high precision resonance extractions.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Double and single pion photoproduction within a dynamical coupled-channels model

Within a dynamical coupled-channels model which has already been fixed from analyzing the data of the pi N -> pi N and gamma N -> pi N reactions, we present the predicted double pion photoproduction cross sections up to the second resonance region, W< 1.7 GeV. The roles played by the different mechanisms within our model in determining both the single and double pion photoproduction reactions are analyzed, focusing on the effects due to the direct gamma N -> pi pi N mechanism, the interplay between the resonant and non-resonant amplitudes, and the coupled-channels effects. The model parameters which can be determined most effectively in the combined studies of both the single and double pion photoproduction data are identified for future studies.Comment: Version to appear in PRC. 16 pages, 13 figure

Evaluation of retrofitting techniques for historical adobe constructions using a multi-criteria decision analysis: The case study of Chile

The evaluation of retrofitting techniques against multiple (often conflicting) criteria requires an expert-driven approach with in-depth context-based knowledge. This research evaluates the expected performance of retrofitting techniques for historical adobe constructions by integrating literature-data and expert assessment. Consideration is given to performance-based criteria (structural behaviour, material compatibility), values around cultural built heritage (degree of intrusion, retreatability), and local constraints (cost-effectiveness). A multi-criteria decision analysis using MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical-Based Evaluation TecHnique) is undertaken in this study in order to facilitate the selection process for retrofitting techniques within distinct damage scenarios. The MACBETH model is applied to three historical adobe buildings in Chile using a weighted criteria matrix, while a sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the stability of interventions. The best-scoring options for each damage pattern are then compared with national guidelines and the current practice. Among the best-ranking solutions obtained from MACBETH models, the use of wooden corner keys makes it possible to effectively counteract flexural cracks or mid-height cracks, damage at intersections of perpendicular walls, corner-damage vertical cracks, and in-plane damage. Wooden tie beams are effective solutions for corner-damage vertical cracks. Geo-mesh also obtains a high score yet is limited by its cost and low reversibility.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Altered expression of neuroplasticity-related genes in the brain of depressed suicides

Background: Expression of the neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6a (GPM6A), the proteolipid protein (PLP/DM20) family member, is downregulated in the hippocampus of chronically stressed animals. Its neuroplastic function involves a role in neurite formation, filopodium outgrowth and synaptogenesis through an unknown mechanism. Disruptions in neuroplasticity mechanisms have been shown to play a significant part in the etiology of depression. Thus, the current investigation examined whether GPM6A expression is also altered in human depressed brain. Methods: Expression levels and coexpression patterns of GPM6A, GPM6B, and PLP1 (two other members of PLP/DM20 family) as well as of the neuroplasticity-related genes identified to associate with GPM6A were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in postmortem samples from the hippocampus (. n=. 18) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (. n=. 25) of depressed suicide victims and compared with control subjects (hippocampus n=. 18; PFC n=. 25). Neuroplasticity-related proteins that form complexes with GPM6A were identified by coimmunoprecipitation technique followed by mass spectrometry. Results: Results indicated transcriptional downregulation of GPM6A and GPM6B in the hippocampus of depressed suicides. The expression level of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CAMK2A) and coronin1A (CORO1A) was also significantly decreased. Subsequent analysis of coexpression patterns demonstrated coordinated gene expression in the hippocampus and in the PFC indicating that the function of these genes might be coregulated in the human brain. However, in the brain of depressed suicides this coordinated response was disrupted. Conclusions: Disruption of coordinated gene expression as well as abnormalities in GPM6A and GPM6B expression and expression of the components of GPM6A complexes were detected in the brain of depressed suicides.Fil: Fuchsova, Beata. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Juliá, Anabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Rizavi, H. S.. University of Illinois; Estados UnidosFil: Frasch, Alberto Carlos C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Pandey, G. N.. University of Illinois; Estados Unido

Dynamical coupled-channel approach to hadronic and electromagnetic production of kaon-hyperon on the proton

A dynamical coupled-channel formalism for processes $\pi N \to KY$ and $\gamma N \to KY$ is presented which provides a comprehensive investigation of recent data on the $\gamma p \to K^+ \Lambda$ reaction. The non-resonant interactions within the subspace $KY\oplus\pi N$ are derived from effective Lagrangians, using a unitary transformation method. The calculations of photoproduction amplitudes are simplified by casting the coupled-channel equations into a form such that the empirical $\gamma N \to \pi N$ amplitudes are input and only the parameters associated with the $KY$ channel are determined by performing $\chi^2$-fits to all of the available data for $\pi^- p \to K^\circ\Lambda, K^\circ\Sigma^\circ$ and $\gamma p \to K^+\Lambda$. Good agreement between our models and those data are obtained. In the fits to $\pi N \to KY$ channels, most of the parameters are constrained within $\pm 20$ of the values given by the Particle Data Group and/or quark model predictions, while for $\gamma p \to K^+ \Lambda$ parameters, ranges compatible with broken $SU(6)\otimes O(3)$ symmetry are imposed. The main reaction mechanisms in $K^+ \Lambda$ photoproduction are singled out and issues related to newly suggested resonances $S_{11}$, $P_{13}$, and $D_{13}$ are studied. Results illustrating the importance of using a coupled-channel treatment are reported. Meson cloud effects on the $\gamma N \to N^*$ transitions are also discussed.Comment: Accepted Physical Review

Nucleon electroweak form factors in a meson-cloud model

The meson-cloud model of the nucleon consisting of a system of three valence quarks surrounded by a meson cloud is applied to study the electroweak structure of the proton and neutron. The electroweak nucleon form factors are calculated within a light-front approach, by obtaining an overall good description of the experimental data. Charge densities as a function of the transverse distance with respect to the direction of the three-momentum transfer are also discussed.Comment: Prepared for Proceedings of NSTAR2007, Workshop on the physics of excited nucleons, Bonn (Germany), 5-8 September 200

Dynamical coupled-channels analysis of 1H(e,e'pi)N reactions

We have performed a dynamical coupled-channels analysis of available p(e,e'pi)N data in the region of W < 1.6 GeV and Q^2 < 1.45 (GeV/c)^2. The channels included are gamma^* N, pi N, eta N, and pi pi N which has pi Delta, rho N, and sigma N components. With the hadronic parameters of the model determined in our previous investigations of pi N --> pi N, pi pi N reactions, we have found that the available data in the considered W < 1.6 GeV region can be fitted well by only adjusting the bare gamma^* N --> N^* helicity amplitudes for the lowest N^* states in P33, P11, S11 and D13 partial waves. The sensitivity of the resulting parameters to the amount of data included in the analysis is investigated. The importance of coupled-channels effect on the p(e,e' pi)N cross sections is demonstrated. The meson cloud effects, as required by the unitarity conditions, on the gamma^* N --> N^* form factors are also examined. Necessary future developments, both experimentally and theoretically, are discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures. Version to appear in PR

Spin-driven spatial symmetry breaking of spinor condensates in a double-well

The properties of an F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a double-well potential are discussed using both a mean-field two-mode approach and a simplified two-site Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. We focus in the region of phase space in which spin effects lead to a symmetry breaking of the system, favoring the spatial localization of the condensate in one well. To model this transition we derive, using perturbation theory, an effective Hamiltonian that describes N/2 spin singlets confined in a double-well potential.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure