Génexpressziós profil vizsgálata a pajzsmirigy hámeredetű tumoraiban = Gene-expression profiles in the thyroid tumors of epithelial origin

A thyroid tumorok kialakulása az epitelialis carcinogenezis többlépcsős modelljeként irható le. Tumor szuppresszor gének, és az onkogének három fő csoportjába tartozó gének (GTP-kötő protein, sejtmagi transzkripciós faktor, tirozin kináz) mutációinak, expressziós mintázatának megváltozása szerepet játszik a tumor kialakulásában, progressziójában. Célkitűzéseink között szerepelt az irodalomban közölt génexpressziós mintázatok magyarországi populáción való vizsgálata, valamint egyéni rizikóbecslés alátámasztása érdekében egyes gének genetikai polimorfizmusának vizsgálata pajzsmirigy tumoros betegek mintáiból. RNS micro array segítségével meghatározzuk különböző, de főként hámeredetű pajzsmirigy tumorok jellemző génexpressziós profilját, mely megalapozza egy, un: "thyroid chip" megszerkesztését, létrehozását. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy meghatározható egy jellegzetes - 90-100 génből álló -génexpressziós profil pajzsmirigy tumorok esetén, de kutatási eredményeink még kvantitatív RT-PCR-os alátámasztásra szorulnak (jelenleg folyó kísérlet), valamint nagyobb mintaszámon vissza kell ellenőrizni hipotézisünket. | Thyroid tumors can be considered as a multi-step model of epithelial carcinogenesis. Tumor-suppressor genes and three classes of oncogenes - coding GPT-binding proteins, nuclear transcription factors and tyrosine kinases - play roles in its development and progression. We aimed to study the pattern of gene expressions in the Hungarian population according to the data in specialized literature, and also analyzing the polymorphism of certain genes from samples of patient with thyroid cancer in the interest of personal risk assessment. We determine the various, but mainly epithelial thyroid tumors' specific profile of gene expression by applying RNA micro array. This might establish the accomplishment of the "thyroid chip". Our results show, that a specific profile of gene expression - consisting of 90-100 genes - is could be determined concerning thyroid tumors, but these results should be supported by using quantitative RT-PCR method (this experiment is currently runs in our institute) in addition our hypothesis is needed to be controlled in wider population

Video Gaming and mental health

Introduction: 61% of the total adult Hungarian population (3.8 million) played video games in 2020. Video Gaming is the most popular among the 18-25 age group (66%). Due to the increasing public health importance of game addictions, internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been included into Section III of DSM-5, moreover gaming disorder (GD) also appears in the ICD-11 list

The Effect of Concentration, Temperature, and pH on the Formation of Hyaluronic Acid–Surfactant Nanohydrogels

The assembly of colloidal hyaluronic acid (HyA, as a polysaccharide) based hydrogel particles in an aqueous medium is characterized in the present paper, with an emphasis on the particular case of nanohydrogels formed by surfactant-neutralized polysaccharide networks. The structural changes and particle formation process of polysaccharide- and cationic-surfactant-containing systems were induced by the charge neutralization ability and the hydrophobic interactions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) under different conditions. Based on the rheological, light scattering, ζ-potential, turbidity, and charge titration measurements, it can be concluded that the preparation of the HyA-CTAB particles can be greatly controlled. The results indicate that more available negative charges can be detected on the polymer chain at smaller initial amounts of HyA (cHyA < 0.10 mg/mL), where a molecular solution can be formed. The change in the pH has a negligible effect on the formation process (particle aggregation appears at nCTAB/nHyA,monomer~1.0 in every case), while the temperature dependence of the critical micelle concentration (c.m.c.) of CTAB determines the complete neutralization of the forming nanohydrogels. The results of our measurements confirm that after the appearance of stable colloidal particles, a structural change and aggregation of the polymer particles take place, and finally the complete charge neutralization of the system occurs

Core-Shell Structured PLGA Particles Having Highly Controllable Ketoprofen Drug Release

The non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen (KP) as a model molecule is encapsulated in different poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanostructured particles, using Tween20 (TWEEN) and Pluronic F127 (PLUR) as stabilizers to demonstrate the design of a biocompatible colloidal carrier particles with highly controllable drug release feature. Based on TEM images the formation of well-defined core-shell structure is highly favorable using nanoprecipitation method. Stabile polymer-based colloids with ~200–210 nm hydrodynamic diameter can be formed by successful optimization of the KP concentration with the right choice of stabilizer. Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 14–18% can be achieved. We clearly confirmed that the molecular weight of the stabilizer thus its structure greatly controls the drug release from the PLGA carrier particles. It can be determined that ~20% and ~70% retention is available with the use of PLUR and TWEEN, respectively. This measurable difference can be explained by the fact that the non-ionic PLUR polymer provides a steric stabilization of the carrier particles in the form of a loose shell, while the adsorption of the non-ionic biocompatible TWEEN surfactant results in a more compact and well-ordered shell around the PLGA particles. In addition, the release property can be further tuned by decreasing the hydrophilicity of PLGA by changing the monomer ratio in the range of ~20–60% (PLUR) and 70–90% (TWEEN)

A farmakologiai funkcionalis magneses rezo-nancia vizsgalat (phMRI) felhasznalasanak lehetosegei a hangulatzavarok kutatasaban.

Many common psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders are associated with dysfunction in the monoamine neurotransmission in the central nervous system. However, the investigation of these pathophysiological processes in the human living brain is difficult. In case of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a non-invasive method for the examination of brain activity, the activity-inducing stimulus is generally a cognitive psychological test, while during pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) the activation is triggered by a specific pharmacon. In the present work we review the available scientific literature related to this method using literature search in PubMed. Through application of a selective pharmacon like the selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) citalopram or escitalopram in a challenge phMRI study, the serotonergic neurotransmitter system can be examined specifically, the functioning brain areas involved in its effect become observable.. With modulation phMRI we can monitor the long-term effect of an antidepressant or we can examine the immediate effect of a single dose of the medication on congitive psychological functions like emotional processing. Thus, the application of phMRI methods may help deepen our understanding of serotonergic function in the living human brain as well as of diseases related to serotonergic neurotransmitter system dysfunction