Beyond flight and rescue: the migration setting of German Jewry before 1938

The article portrays and analyzes the choices and challenges for German Jews regarding the question of emigration in the 1930s against the background of the global migration regime at that time. The main argument is that in the 1930s migration questions for German Jews were more complex than many studies on the subject have been suggested until today. In order to understand the predicaments of the Germany Jews, the topic of German-Jewish migration is analyzed within a larger setting of international migration problems of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In a first step, the German-Jewish situation of the 1930s is presented as part of an even bigger crisis which affected Jewish centers as Poland, Palestine or the United States. In a second step, the responses of the German Jews to the Nazi onslaught are analyzed within the framework of the entire emancipation era. The argument is substantiated by 1. a cross-reading of secondary sources on Jewish history in different regions; 2. debates of the German-Jewish public as published in articles, books and pamphlets and 3. memoirs of German Jews

Population Differentiation In Daphnia Alters Community Assembly In Experimental Ponds

Most studies of community assembly ignore how genetic differentiation within species affects their colonization and extinction. However, genetic differentiation in ecologically relevant traits may be substantial enough to alter the colonization and extinction processes that drive community assembly. We measured significant molecular genetic and quantitative trait differentiation among three Daphnia pulex X pulicaria populations in southwestern Michigan ponds and investigated whether this differentiation could alter the assembly of pond zooplankton communities in experimental mesocosms. In this study, we monitored the invasion success of different D. pulex x pulicaria populations after their introduction into an established zooplankton community. We also monitored the invasion success of a diverse array of zooplankton species into different D. pulex x pulicaria populations. Zooplankton community composition depended on the D. pulex X pulicaria source population. Daphnia pulex X pulicaria from one population failed to invade zooplankton communities, while those from other populations successfully invaded similar communities. If population differentiation in other species plays a role in community assembly similar to that demonstrated in our study, assembly may be more sensitive to evolutionary processes than has been previously generally considered.Integrative Biolog

Utilization of Peer-Led Education to Enhance Advance Care Planning and Advance Directive Completion

Background: The integration of advance care planning (ACP) and palliative care (PC) into oncology plays a critical role in symptom management and quality of life. Studies reveal a large subset of oncology patients with unmet needs regarding ACP and advance directive (AD) completion. Successful ACP helps to promote congruent medical treatment with patients’ values and preferences and motivates patients to complete ADs. Objective: An evidence-based practice project was conducted to assess the effectiveness of peer-led education to nursing staff to improve ACP and AD completion among inpatient oncology and PC patients Design: A standardized survey created from the Knowledge, Attitudinal, and Experiential Survey on Advance Directives (KAESAD), was utilized to assess nursing staff knowledge and comfort of ADs and ACP prior to education course. Data outcomes of AD completions, ACP conversations, KAESAD survey results, and code status changes were recorded quarterly. Setting/Subjects: 42 nursing staff at a local medical center, inpatient oncology, and PC patients. Results: A total of 42 nursing staff attended in person education, online education was disseminated to approximately 20 remaining staff. A total of 633 patient records were reviewed from July 2019 to December 2019 to assess for AD completion. An increased proportion of comfort care codes could suggest a potential link between education and ACP conversations initiated by nursing staff. AD completion rates decreased post intervention but were not statistically significant. Pre-course standardized survey revealed varying levels of knowledge and comfort in discussing ADs. Conclusions: ACP and ADs are pivotal components of the PC continuum. Timely ACP discussions and completion of ADs can improve patient and family satisfaction, decrease symptom burden, and improve quality of life. Recommendations call to educate across all interdisciplinary teams to verify sustainability and further improvements in AD completion and ACP conversations. Key words: advance care planning, advance directive, peer-led education, nursing, oncology, palliative care

Ground state of the Bethe-lattice spin glass and running time of an exact optimization algorithm

We study the Ising spin glass on random graphs with fixed connectivity z and with a Gaussian distribution of the couplings, with mean \mu and unit variance. We compute exact ground states by using a sophisticated branch-and-cut method for z=4,6 and system sizes up to N=1280 for different values of \mu. We locate the spin-glass/ferromagnet phase transition at \mu = 0.77 +/- 0.02 (z=4) and \mu = 0.56 +/- 0.02 (z=6). We also compute the energy and magnetization in the Bethe-Peierls approximation with a stochastic method, and estimate the magnitude of replica symmetry breaking corrections. Near the phase transition, we observe a sharp change of the median running time of our implementation of the algorithm, consistent with a change from a polynomial dependence on the system size, deep in the ferromagnetic phase, to slower than polynomial in the spin-glass phase.Comment: 10 pages, RevTex, 10 eps figures. Some changes in the tex

Storage of Information on Color Photographic Materials with Applications to Optical Memory Disks

An experiment was performed to investigate the information capacity of Ilford Cibachrome Micrographic Film type CMM.F7, Kodak Aerial Color Film type SO-242, and Kodak Vericolor Print Film type 4111. The results indicated that the filmSj-had binary single layer information capacities of 9.51 x 10 , 3.27 x 10 , and 0.87 x 10 bits per square centimeter respectively. It was estimated that the CMM.F7 material was capable of resolving three density levels for c trilayer multilevel capacity of 45.2 x 10 bits per square centimeter, followed by SQ-242 and 4111 with five and six levels yielding 22.8 x 10 and 6.72 x 10 bits per square centimeter respectively for trilayer multilevel recording. Some models for determination of information capacity were discussed as was application of the experiment to optical disk recording