A first description of the Colombian national registry for rare diseases

Objective: Orphan diseases must be considered a public health concern, underlying country-specific challenges for their accurate and opportune diagnosis, classification and management. Orphan disease registries have not yet been created in South America, a continent having a population of ~ 415 million inhabitants. In Colombia ~ 3 million of patients are affected by rare diseases. The aim of the present study was to establish the first Colombian national registry for rare diseases. The registry was created after the establishment of laws promoting the development of clinical guidelines for diagnosis, management, census and registry of patients suffering rare diseases. Results: In total, 13,215 patients were recorded in the Colombian registry. The survey reported 653 rare diseases. The most common diseases were congenital factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A) (8.5%), myasthenia gravis (6.4%), von Willebrand disease (5.9%), short stature due to growth hormone qualitative anomaly (4.2%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (3.9%) and cystic fibrosis (3.2%). Although, a marked under-reporting of cases was observed, some pathologies displayed similar behavior to that reported by other initiatives and databases. The data currently available in the registry provides a baseline for improvement regarding local and regional surveys and the start for better understanding rare diseases in Colombia. © 2017 The Author(s)

Self-medication in medical students at the Universidad del Rosario in Bogota D. C., Colombia

Introducción. La automedicación es un problema de salud pública frecuente en población estudiantil, el cual se da sobre todo en estudiantes de medicina, dado su mayor conocimiento en farmacología. Por tratarse de los futuros prescriptores, es importante establecer la magnitud del problema en esta población. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal mediante una encuesta aplicada a 276 estudiantes de medicina, en el que se indagaron datos demográficos, antecedentes patológicos, hábitos, frecuencia de automedicación, medicamentos automedicados, porcentaje de automedicación responsable, razones para automedicarse y conocimiento sobre esta conducta. Resultados. De las 276 encuestas realizadas, se analizaron 270. La prevalencia de automedicación fue del 79,3%. El único factor con asociación estadística fue pertenecer a un semestre clínico (p = 0,020). Los medicamentos automedicados con mayor frecuencia son acetaminofén (10,8%), e ibuprofeno (3,9%). Entre los medicamentos automedicados, el 70,6% requiere prescripción médica. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron cefalea (10,6%), resfriado común (4,2%) y dismenorrea (3,4%). El 39,1% de los encuestados cumplen los criterios de automedicación responsable. Conclusión. La prevalencia de automedicación en la población evaluada es alta, y la mayoría de los medicamentos utilizados requieren fórmula médica. Los factores influyentes se relacionan con la edad y el semestre que cursan. La mayoría de estudiantes se automedica de manera inadecuada.Introduction. Self-medication is a common public health problem among students, mainly among medical students who have greater knowledge in pharmacology. We consider that it is important to establish the magnitude of the problem in future prescribers. Materials and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study through a survey of 276 medical students. We analyzed demographic data, medical history, habits, frequency of this behavior, drugs used as self-treatment, percentage of self-medication, reasons for self-medication and knowledge about this behavior. Results. Of the 276 surveys 270 were analyzed. We found a prevalence of 79.3% self-medication. The only associated factor with higher statistical significance was students who were in clinical practice (p = 0.020). Drugs that were mostly used were: acetaminophen (10.8%) and ibuprofen (3.9%). 70.6% of the mentioned drugs require a medical prescription. Most frequent reasons were: headache (10.64%), common cold (4.20%) and dysmenorrhea (3.37%). Only 39.1% of respondents met criteria for responsible self-medication. Conclusion. Prevalence of self-medication among medical students is high. Most of used drugs need a medical prescription. The factor influencing this behavior is the year of medical school to which they belong. Self-medication is mostly found when students are in clinical practice. Most students do not self-medicate responsibly

Automedicación en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Rosario en Bogotá D. C., Colombia

Introducción. La automedicación es un problema de salud pública frecuente en poblaciónestudiantil, el cual se da sobre todo en estudiantes de medicina, dado su mayorconocimiento en farmacología. Por tratarse de los futuros prescriptores, es importanteestablecer la magnitud del problema en esta población. Materiales y métodos.Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal mediante una encuesta aplicada a 276estudiantes de medicina, en el que se indagaron datos demográficos, antecedentespatológicos, hábitos, frecuencia de automedicación, medicamentos automedicados,porcentaje de automedicación responsable, razones para automedicarse y conocimientosobre esta conducta. Resultados. De las 276 encuestas realizadas, se analizaron270. La prevalencia de automedicación fue del 79,3%. El único factor con asociaciónestadística fue pertenecer a un semestre clínico (p = 0,020). Los medicamentos automedicadoscon mayor frecuencia son acetaminofén (10,8%), e ibuprofeno (3,9%).Entre los medicamentos automedicados, el 70,6% requiere prescripción médica.Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron cefalea (10,6%), resfriado común (4,2%) ydismenorrea (3,4%). El 39,1% de los encuestados cumplen los criterios de automedicaciónresponsable. Conclusión. La prevalencia de automedicación en la poblaciónevaluada es alta, y la mayoría de los medicamentos utilizados requieren fórmulamédica. Los factores influyentes se relacionan con la edad y el semestre que cursan.La mayoría de estudiantes se automedica de manera inadecuada.Introduction. Self-medication is a common public health problem among students, mainly among medical students who have greater knowledge in pharmacology. We consider that it is important to establish the magnitude of the problem in future prescribers. Materials and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study through a survey of 276 medical students. We analyzed demographic data, medical history, habits, frequency of this behavior, drugs used as self-treatment, percentage of self-medication, reasons for self-medication and knowledge about this behavior. Results. Of the 276 surveys 270 were analyzed. We found a prevalence of 79.3% self-medication. The only associated factor with higher statistical significance was students who were in clinical practice (p = 0.020). Drugs that were mostly used were: acetaminophen (10.8%) and ibuprofen (3.9%). 70.6% of the mentioned drugs require a medical prescription. Most frequent reasons were: headache (10.64%), common cold (4.20%) and dysmenorrhea (3.37%). Only 39.1% of respondents met criteria for responsible self-medication. Conclusion. Prevalence of self-medication among medical students is high. Most of used drugs need a medical prescription. The factor influencing this behavior is the year of medical school to which they belong. Self-medication is mostly found when students are in clinical practice. Most students do not self-medicate responsibly

Self-medication in medical students at the Universidad del Rosario in Bogota D. C., Colombia

Introducción. La automedicación es un problema de salud pública frecuente en población estudiantil, el cual se da sobre todo en estudiantes de medicina, dado su mayor conocimiento en farmacología. Por tratarse de los futuros prescriptores, es importante establecer la magnitud del problema en esta población. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal mediante una encuesta aplicada a 276 estudiantes de medicina, en el que se indagaron datos demográficos, antecedentes patológicos, hábitos, frecuencia de automedicación, medicamentos automedicados, porcentaje de automedicación responsable, razones para automedicarse y conocimiento sobre esta conducta. Resultados. De las 276 encuestas realizadas, se analizaron 270. La prevalencia de automedicación fue del 79,3%. El único factor con asociación estadística fue pertenecer a un semestre clínico (p = 0,020). Los medicamentos automedicados con mayor frecuencia son acetaminofén (10,8%), e ibuprofeno (3,9%). Entre los medicamentos automedicados, el 70,6% requiere prescripción médica. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron cefalea (10,6%), resfriado común (4,2%) y dismenorrea (3,4%). El 39,1% de los encuestados cumplen los criterios de automedicación responsable. Conclusión. La prevalencia de automedicación en la población evaluada es alta, y la mayoría de los medicamentos utilizados requieren fórmula médica. Los factores influyentes se relacionan con la edad y el semestre que cursan. La mayoría de estudiantes se automedica de manera inadecuada.Introduction. Self-medication is a common public health problem among students, mainly among medical students who have greater knowledge in pharmacology. We consider that it is important to establish the magnitude of the problem in future prescribers. Materials and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study through a survey of 276 medical students. We analyzed demographic data, medical history, habits, frequency of this behavior, drugs used as self-treatment, percentage of selfmedication, reasons for self-medication and knowledge about this behavior. Results. Of the 276 surveys 270 were analyzed. We found a prevalence of 79.3% self-medication. The only associated factor with higher statistical significance was students who were in clinical practice (p = 0.020). Drugs that were mostly used were: acetaminophen (10.8%) and ibuprofen (3.9%). 70.6% of the mentioned drugs require a medical prescription. Most frequent reasons were: headache (10.64%), common cold (4.20%) and dysmenorrhea (3.37%). Only 39.1% of respondents met criteria for responsible self-medication. Conclusion. Prevalence of self-medication among medical students is high. Most of used drugs need a medical prescription. The factor influencing this behavior is the year of medical school to which they belong. Selfmedication is mostly found when students are in clinical practice. Most students do not self-medicate responsibly

A first description of the Colombian national registry for rare diseases

Objective: Orphan diseases must be considered a public health concern, underlying country-specific challenges for their accurate and opportune diagnosis, classification and management. Orphan disease registries have not yet been created in South America, a continent having a population of ~ 415 million inhabitants. In Colombia ~ 3 million of patients are affected by rare diseases. The aim of the present study was to establish the first Colombian national registry for rare diseases. The registry was created after the establishment of laws promoting the development of clinical guidelines for diagnosis, management, census and registry of patients suffering rare diseases. Results: In total, 13,215 patients were recorded in the Colombian registry. The survey reported 653 rare diseases. The most common diseases were congenital factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A) (8.5%), myasthenia gravis (6.4%), von Willebrand disease (5.9%), short stature due to growth hormone qualitative anomaly (4.2%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (3.9%) and cystic fibrosis (3.2%). Although, a marked under-reporting of cases was observed, some pathologies displayed similar behavior to that reported by other initiatives and databases. The data currently available in the registry provides a baseline for improvement regarding local and regional surveys and the start for better understanding rare diseases in Colombia. © 2017 The Author(s)

Self-medication in medical students at the Universidad del Rosario in Bogota D. C., Colombia

Introducción. La automedicación es un problema de salud pública frecuente en población estudiantil, el cual se da sobre todo en estudiantes de medicina, dado su mayor conocimiento en farmacología. Por tratarse de los futuros prescriptores, es importante establecer la magnitud del problema en esta población. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal mediante una encuesta aplicada a 276 estudiantes de medicina, en el que se indagaron datos demográficos, antecedentes patológicos, hábitos, frecuencia de automedicación, medicamentos automedicados, porcentaje de automedicación responsable, razones para automedicarse y conocimiento sobre esta conducta. Resultados. De las 276 encuestas realizadas, se analizaron 270. La prevalencia de automedicación fue del 79,3%. El único factor con asociación estadística fue pertenecer a un semestre clínico (p = 0,020). Los medicamentos automedicados con mayor frecuencia son acetaminofén (10,8%), e ibuprofeno (3,9%). Entre los medicamentos automedicados, el 70,6% requiere prescripción médica. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron cefalea (10,6%), resfriado común (4,2%) y dismenorrea (3,4%). El 39,1% de los encuestados cumplen los criterios de automedicación responsable. Conclusión. La prevalencia de automedicación en la población evaluada es alta, y la mayoría de los medicamentos utilizados requieren fórmula médica. Los factores influyentes se relacionan con la edad y el semestre que cursan. La mayoría de estudiantes se automedica de manera inadecuada.Introduction. Self-medication is a common public health problem among students, mainly among medical students who have greater knowledge in pharmacology. We consider that it is important to establish the magnitude of the problem in future prescribers. Materials and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study through a survey of 276 medical students. We analyzed demographic data, medical history, habits, frequency of this behavior, drugs used as self-treatment, percentage of selfmedication, reasons for self-medication and knowledge about this behavior. Results. Of the 276 surveys 270 were analyzed. We found a prevalence of 79.3% self-medication. The only associated factor with higher statistical significance was students who were in clinical practice (p = 0.020). Drugs that were mostly used were: acetaminophen (10.8%) and ibuprofen (3.9%). 70.6% of the mentioned drugs require a medical prescription. Most frequent reasons were: headache (10.64%), common cold (4.20%) and dysmenorrhea (3.37%). Only 39.1% of respondents met criteria for responsible self-medication. Conclusion. Prevalence of self-medication among medical students is high. Most of used drugs need a medical prescription. The factor influencing this behavior is the year of medical school to which they belong. Selfmedication is mostly found when students are in clinical practice. Most students do not self-medicate responsibly

Effectiveness of the Booster Dose in Protecting against COVID-19, Colombia 2022

Vaccination has proven to be one of the most effective strategies against the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies have evaluated and confirmed its effectiveness in different populations, particularly in reducing severe outcomes such as hospitalization and death. Some studies have investigated the effectiveness of vaccination against the infection, identifying the need for booster doses. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of the vaccination schedule on the probability of infection in a sample of Colombian patients during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was associated with the emergence and predominance of the Omicron variant. A cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals who underwent RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 detection in a dedicated laboratory in Bogotá, Colombia, between 30 December 2021 and 7 February 2022. A total of 1468 subjects was included in the study, of whom 36.6% (n = 538) had a positive PCR test for COVID-19. The comparison between fully vaccinated individuals with a booster dose and those without the booster dose revealed a 28% reduction in the odds of infection (OR = 0.719 CI 0.531–0.971). Age (OR = 1.009 CI 1.001–1.018) and low economic status (OR = 1.812 CI 1.416–2.319) were associated with an increased risk of infection. These findings suggest the need for a booster vaccination in the general population to improve the prevention rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mitigate severe outcomes