All Kinds of Money : Black Women on the Moving and the Policing of Urban Alley Workers, 1900-1935

“All Kinds of Money”: Black Women on the Move and the Policing of Urban Alley Workers, 1900-1935 is a story about labor refusal, informal wage earning, and the rise of “criminal” identification in North America. My dissertation examines the migration, working, and carceral histories of Black women dubbed by police and press as “rollers” and “alley workers.” By the turn of the 20th century, white newspaper outlets regularly printed articles with headlines such as “Rolled by a Negress,” “Caught White Man in Alley,” and “Gang of Negresses Prey On White Men.” The racializing and labeling of rollers as a professional “criminal” class evolved from the everyday police complaints that came from white male Johns reporting that a “negress prostitute” had picked their pockets for a wallet or roll of cash. As a unique form of underground labor resistance, rolling Johns reflected an unorthodox picket line, a general strike, or an uprising against the criminalization and economic exploitation of Black women’s sexuality. Instead of a set wage, rollers insisted that men pay with all the cash they carried, even if it meant their last cent. I weave prison and police files, newspapers, and maps together to provide a social, legal, and geographical history of urban rollers and alley workers in North America between 1900 and 1935. I follow Nettie Weems—a notorious roller marked by police in as many as 12 different cities from Chicago to Vancouver to California—over a 20 year period. Weems’ migration and working history provides an alternative narrative to the Great Migration settlement story. Organized in four parts, each with two chapters, I map Black women’s migration patterns; how they confronted sex work and how they were policed and prosecuted in the urban city. Part One, “Looking for a Fugitive Negress” examines Black women on the move and the rise of criminal identification in North America from the 1850’s to the 1930’s. This part begins with a teenage Weems on the run as a “fugitive from Justice” in Chicago in 1914. Part Two, “Has Pictures of her in Various Cities,” follows Weems across the border to British Columbia, Canada in 1925 where one Black migrant woman stated there was “all kinds of money” in Vancouver’s underground sex economy. I reveal how police identification and surveillance technologies, including fingerprints and mug shots, followed migrant sex workers across city, state, and international borders. Police tracking also illuminates the extreme mobility of rollers in North America in the early 20th century. The third part, “Police Have Declared War,” examines the social construction of urban rollers and alley workers and the aggressive city wide campaigns targeting Black women. Chapters five and six highlight Weems’ migration from Vancouver back across the US border to Washington then to Sacramento where she hides out as a fugitive in 1925 before serving a four year prison term at San Quentin State Prison in California. The final part, “Comet in its Orbital Track” follows Weems out of prison in California where she travels back to British Columbia and up and down the pacific west coast during the Great Depression. During this period, Weems served a prison term in Canada and Washington state for rolling Johns. Police in many cities on the West coast had a record of her career as a roller, fugitive, and formerly imprisoned woman. The concluding chapters uses arrest records to map and illuminate the impact of policing and vagrancy laws on the forced and unforced migrations of Black itinerant sex workers like Nettie Weems

Juvenile Corrections in the Era of Reform: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies

In this article, the authors synthesize knowledge from select qualitative studies examining rehabilitation-oriented juvenile residential corrections and aftercare programs. Using meta-synthesis methodology, the authors extracted and coded content from 10 research studies conducted by five authors across criminology, sociology, and social welfare disciplines. The total number of published works based on those studies analyzed was 18. Collectively, these studies offer insight into three major components of the juvenile correctional experience: therapeutic treatment and evidence-based practices, the shaping of identities and masculinities, and preparation for reentry. This analysis is particularly important as the United States is currently in an era of reform during which policymakers are increasingly espousing the benefits of rehabilitation for youth offenders over punishment. These studies took place before, during, and after this era of reform, and yet, the findings are surprisingly consistent over time, raising key questions about the effectiveness of the reform strategies

Análisis de estudio la industria de las flores a nivel internacional

El presente documento tiene como propósito dar a conocer el sistema logístico y cadena de suministro del comercio, exportación e importación de las flores a nivel mundial, demostrando las mejores alternativas a nivel de estrategias, alianzas que mejoran un posicionamiento a comparación de otros países, como es de saber Colombia está ubicado en el segundo mejor exportador de flores teniendo como ventajas en punto geográfico, climatología y bajo costo de mano de obra para ello se buscarán hallazgos causantes que no permiten estar en el primer lugar como los mejores exportadores manteniendo el colorido, calidez y frescura del producto como es el caso de las flores. Por medio del supply management y logística se buscará las mejoras permitiendo el uso de nuevas ideas para mejorar tal mercado a nivel nacional e internacional. Dentro de la red de procesos que se maneja por los holandeses se puede evidenciar la continuidad desde la planeación, diseño, seguimiento, ejecución y control de este comercio sin perder el seguimiento en ninguna de las actividades generadas por los holandeses. El uso de la nueva tecnología ha permitido la globalización ascendentemente en la importación y exportación destacándose a nivel competitivo.The purpose of this document is to publicize the logistic system and supply chain of trade, export and import of flowers worldwide, demonstrating the best alternatives at the level of strategies, alliances that improve a positioning compared to other countries, such as Colombia is located in the second best exporter of flowers taking advantage of geographical point, climatology and low cost of labor for it will look for causative findings that do not allow to be in the first place as the best exporters keeping the color, warmth and freshness of the product as is the case of flowers. Through supply management and logistics, improvements will be sought, allowing the use of new ideas to improve such market at a national and international level. Within the network of processes handled by the Dutch can be seen the continuity from the planning, design, monitoring, execution and control of this trade without losing track of any of the activities generated by the Dutch. The use of the new technology has allowed the globalization upwardly in import and export, standing out at a competitive level

New Theatre Roundtable

Directors from Battersea Arts Centre, Fuel, and the National Theatre’s Studio discuss their creative principles and how they develop new work

Table of Contents Vol. 26, No. 3, 2018.

جدول محتويات العددTable of Contents Vol. 26, No. 3, 2018

Solubility of azadirachtin and several triterpenoid compounds extracted from neem seed kernel in supercritical CO2

The extraction of oil and several triterpenoid compounds (azadirachtin, nimbin, and salannin) from need seed kernel by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) was demonstrated in this work. The experiments were performed with variation of pressures from 10 MPa to 35 MPa and temperatures (313.15 K, 323.15 K, and 333.15 K) for 4 h with CO2 flow rate of 5 mL/min (measured at 6.8 MPa, 303.15 K). The amounts of neem oil, azadirachtin, nimbin, and salannin extracted were increased with increasing pressure and temperature. The solubility of neem oil and triterpenoids studied was presented as a function of temperature and solvating power of CO2 in 3D mesh plots. The Chrastil and Mendez-Santiago and Teja density-based models were applied to evaluate experimental data. The heat of solution (�H) of neem oil, azadirachtin, nimbin, and salannin in SC-CO2 was found to be −28.79 kJ/mol, −42.33 kJ/mol, −35.98 kJ/mol, and −51.69 kJ/mol, respectively. The consistency plots of Mendez-Santiago and Teja model were given to test its applicability in representing experimental data over a range of pressure and temperature studied

The fate of a Neoproterozoic intracratonic marine basin : trace elements, TOC and IRON speciation geochemistry of the Bambu? Basin, Brazil.

Neoproterozoic marine systems are associated with major paleoecological changes that took place in the Ediacaran and during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. During this timespan, the Bambu? basin located on east Brazil held a peculiar paleoenvironmental scenario. Due to its intracratonic evolution, the basin was partially disconnected from neighboring open marine systems. This setting raises a very interesting opportunity to understand how an isolated Neoproterozoic marine system evolved in contrast with typical (globally connected) open marine systems. To understand the paleoenvironmental changes that took place in the Bambu? basin, we investigate the pre-glaciogenic deposits of the Carrancas Fm and the post-glaciogenic mixed (shale-carbonate) successions of the Bambu? Group. Through the analysis of iron speciation, TOC, trace element and C-O isotope systematics, our study suggests a very complex environmental evolution. Firstly, our samples are marked by strong contamination of detrital continental material that can be related to an increased bioproductivity on both the Carrancas Fm. and lower Bambu? group stratigraphic units, and provenance data show that all studied sediments probably shared common source areas. Iron speciation data, Ce anomalies and RSE enrichments shows that lower Bambu? Group stratigraphic units were likely deposited in an open marine scenario featuring high bioproductivity in shallow waters and euxinic incursions in predominant anoxic/ferruginous bottom waters. On the other hand, upper Bambu? stratigraphic units register a marine evolution in a restricted scenario, where anoxic ferruginous conditions probably reached surface waters. Finally, our data show that the lack of oceanic connection prevented the re-supply of marine sulfate, RSE, bionutrients and ultimately of dissolved oxygen which may have decreased biological activity and probably hindered biological evolution, preventing the rise of a typical modern-like Cambrian ecosystem. In this sense, our data suggest that oceanic connectivity and proper re-supply of inorganic marine input were important features in the development of complex life in the EdiacaranCambrian environment