Detecting Differences between Clinical Presentations in ADHD through the Cognitive Profile Obtained from WISC-IV

Objective: The current study explores whether WISC-IV cognitive profiles could allow to differentiate between presentations of ADHD. Method: A clinical sample of 216 subjects aged between 6 and 16 years and distributed into 2 subgroups (ADHD inattentive type group aged M = 8.5, SD = 2.4; and ADHD combined group M = 10.1, SD = 2.6) was recruited for the study. Results: Processing Speed Index mean score was significantly higher (F (1,214) = 14.7, p< .001, d = 0.52) in ADHD-Inattentive group (M = 90.7; SD = 12.1) than ADHD-Combined group (M = 97.7; SD = 14.7). Furthermore, PSI was negatively associated with "Inattention" dimension (β = -.21, p< .001 family and β = -.19, p< .001 teachers) while it was positively associated with "Hyperactivity/Impulsivity" dimension (β = .27, p< .001 family and β = .33, p< .001 teachers). Conclusions: The higher inattentiveness the lower PSI mean score, while a higher hyperactivity/impulsivity mean score would reduce the impact caused for inattentiveness. Thus, ADHD-I profile would tend to show a significant lower PSI mean score than ADHD-C

Proposal for an Integrative Cognitive-Emotional Conception of ADHD

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessReview Proposal for an Integrative Cognitive-Emotional Conception of ADHD by Rocío Lavigne-Cerván 1ORCID,Marta Sánchez-Muñoz de León 1,Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier 1,*ORCID,Marta Romero-González 1ORCID,Sara Gamboa-Ternero 2,Gemma Rodríguez-Infante 1 andJuan F. Romero-Pérez 1 1 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain 2 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215421 Received: 23 September 2022 / Revised: 16 November 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 21 November 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotion Regulation in Children and Adolescents) Download Browse Figure Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Although numerous efforts have been made to deepen our understanding of the etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), no explanation of its origins, nor of its consequences, has yet found a consensus within the scientific community. This study performs a theoretical review of various research studies and provides a reflection on the role of emotions in the origin of the disorder, at the neuroanatomical and functional level. To this end, theoretical models (single and multiple origin) and applied studies are reviewed in order to broaden the perspective on the relevance of the executive system in ADHD; it is suggested that this construct is not only composed and activated by cognitive processes and functions, but also includes elements of an emotional and motivational nature. Consequently, it is shown that ADHD is involved in social development and in a person’s ability to adapt to the environment.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag