Design during COVID-19: agents and allies in the role of designer, digital fabrication and distributed production

During COVID-19 global emergency, designers proposed solutions at different scales, as quick responses to demands from different agents. In the same way, we critically analyzed the emergence of allies, protocols and tools, which allowed the optimization of fabrication, from traditional manufacturing into distributed co-production. The analyzed local networks produced global co-design experiences, with involvement of FabLabs and users from different disciplines. Through case studies and the evaluation of surveys and testimonials from users and makers, we analyze the global panorama, to finally explore the specific situation in Latin America. This establishes a relationship between medical demand and digital fabrication, which allows evidence of positive and negative situations to be consider as new, significant aspects for the design in the future. The leading role acquired by the ecosystem surrounding digital fabrication during the pandemic, could enhance its processes in the search for greater positioning, changing society from within the different communities

Regional labour markets and interregional migration: Spain, 1963-1990.

The Ph.D. thesis submitted under this title consists of three main parts. I start with a description of the regional labour markets in Spain in the last few years. It is followed by a theoretical model of interregional migration, to finish with an empirical exercise on the economic determinants of migration within Spain in recent years. The first two chapters are dedicated to analyze the composition of the two sides of the labour market, employment and unemployment, respectively, according to various dimensions, such as sectoral employment, sex, age, time unemployed. This study includes not only a description of the evolution along time for each region in Spain, but also a comparison of the relevant structures of the labour market across regions, paying particular attention to the degree of geographical homogeneity of both employment and unemployment. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of a model of interregional migration. Using recent developments in search theory, the idea consists of being able to specify a migration function from a micro-economic model of utility-maximizing individuals. Each individual will decide the proportion of the searching time he dedicates to search for a job in each region, as a function of, amongst other things, the probability of getting a job in each one of them. However, at the aggregate level we have to take into account the existence of an externality present in the model, as these probabilities depend on the allocation of searching time decided by the individuals. Once this system is solved, interregional migration appears, under certain assumptions, as the product of the number of effective job-seekers at any time from one region into another times the probability of getting a job in this other region. This model concludes with an study of the comparative statics of the migration function with respect to certain exogenous variables. Finally, the last part is dedicated to an estimation of the reduced form derived from the same principles as the theoretical model. It is done for the case of the migration flows that took place amongst the Spanish regions from 1963 till 1986, and it examines the economic determinants of interregional migration, addressing the issue of why these movements came down when they were more needed to reduce unemployment differentials

INTRODUCCIóN A LA PROGRAMACIóN LINEAL

Sólo visión Proyectabl

Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia in Healthy and Medically Compromised/Developmentally Disabled Children: A Comparative Study

Aim: To compare the type, number of procedures and working time of dental treatment provided under dental general anesthesia (DGA) in healthy and medically compromised/developmentally disabled children (MCDD children). Design: This cross-sectional prospective study involved 80 children divided into two groups of 40 children each. Group 1 consisted of healthy and Group 2 consisted of MCDD children. Results: Healthy children needed more working time than MCDD children, the means being 161±7.9 and 84±5.7 minutes, respectively (P= 0.0001). Operative dentistry and endodontic treatments showed a significant statistical difference (P= 0.0001). The means of procedures were 17±5.0 for healthy children and 11±4.8 for MCDD children (P= 0.0001). Conclusions: Healthy children needed more extensive dental treatment than MCDD children under DGA. The information from this sample of Mexican children could be used as reference for determining trends both within a facility as well as in comparing facilities in cross-population studies