Renormalization group evolution of the CKM matrix

We present here the most important ideas, equations and solutions for the running of all the quark Yukawa couplings and all the elements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, in the approximation of one loop, and up to order $\lambda ^{4}$, where $\lambda \sim 0.22$ is the sine of the Cabibbo angle. Our purpose is to determine what the evolution of these parameters may indicate for the physics of the standard model (SM), the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and for the Double Higgs Model (DHM).Comment: Talk given in the X Mexican School of Particles and Fields, Playa del Carmen, Mexico, 2002. 6 pages, LaTeX, needs aipproc.cls styl

Renormalization Group Equations for the CKM matrix

We derive the one loop renormalization group equations for the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix for the Standard Model, its two Higgs extension and the minimal supersymmetric extension in a novel way. The derived equations depend only on a subset of the model parameters of the renormalization group equations for the quark Yukawa couplings so the CKM matrix evolution cannot fully test the renormalization group evolution of the quark Yukawa couplings. From the derived equations we obtain the invariant of the renormalization group evolution for three models which is the angle $\alpha$ of the unitarity triangle. For the special case of the Standard Model and its extensions with $v_{1}\approx v_{2}$ we demonstrate that also the shape of the unitarity triangle and the Buras-Wolfenstein parameters $\bar{\rho}=(1-{1/2}\lambda^{2})\rho$ and $\bar{\eta}=(1-{1/2}\lambda^{2})\eta$ are conserved. The invariance of the angles of the unitarity triangle means that it is not possible to find a model in which the CKM matrix might have a simple, special form at asymptotic energies.Comment: 9 page

Energy dependence of the quark masses and mixings

The one loop Renormalization Group Equations for the Yukawa couplings of quarks are solved. From the solution we find the explicit energy dependence on $t=\ln E/\mu$ of the evolution of the {\em down} quark masses $q=d,s,b$ from the grand unification scale down to the top quark mass $m_{t}$. These results together with the earlier published evolution of the {\em up} quark masses completes the pattern of the evolution of the quark masses. We also find the energy dependence of the absolute values of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix $|V_{ij}|$. The interesting property of the evolution of the CKM matrix and the ratios of the quark masses: $m_{u,c}/m_{t}$ and $m_{d,s}/m_{b}$ is that they all depend on $t$ through only one function of energy $h(t)$.Comment: Talk presented at the IX Mexican School on Particles and Fields, August 9-19, Metepec, Pue., Mexico. To be published in the AIP Conference Proceedings. 5 pages and 1 eps figure included in the tex

Sperm mobility: mechanisms of fertilizing efficiency, genetic variation and phenotypic relationship with male status in the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus

When females are sexually promiscuous, sexual selection continues after insemination through sperm competition and cryptic female choice, and male traits conveying an advantage in competitive fertilization are selected for. Although individual male and ejaculate traits are known to influence paternity in a competitive scenario, multiple mechanisms co-occur and interact to determine paternity. The way in which different traits interact with each other and the mechanisms through which their heritability is maintained despite selection remain unresolved. In the promiscuous fowl, paternity is determined by the number of sperm inseminated into a female, which is mediated by male social dominance, and by the quality of the sperm inseminated, measured as sperm mobility. Here we show that: (i) the number of sperm inseminated determines how many sperm reach the female sperm-storage sites, and that sperm mobility mediates the fertilizing efficiency of inseminated sperm, mainly by determining the rate at which sperm are released from the female storage sites, (ii) like social status, sperm mobility is heritable, and (iii) subdominant males are significantly more likely to have higher sperm mobility than dominant males. This study indicates that although the functions of social status and sperm mobility are highly interdependent, the lack of phenotypic integration of these traits may maintain the variability of male fitness and heritability of fertilizing efficiency

Circulating anti-galectin-1 antibodies are associated with the severity of ocular disease in autoimmune and infectious uveitis

Galectin (Gal)-1, an endogenous lectin found at sites of immune privilege, plays a critical role in the regulation of the immune response. Therapeutic administration of Gal-1 or its genetic delivery suppresses chronic inflammation in experimental models of autoimmunity. The purpose of this work was to investigate the occurrence of circulating anti-Gal-1 antibodies in patients with autoimmune and infectious uveitis as potential determinant factors of disease progression.Fil: Romero, Marta D.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Fundación Ver; Argentina. Laboratorio Inmunopatología Investigación y Docencia LIIDO; ArgentinaFil: Muiño, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Fundación Ver; ArgentinaFil: Bianco, German Ariel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Ferrero, Mercedes. Laboratorio Inmunopatología Investigación y Docencia LIIDO; Argentina. Fundación Ver; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Claudio P.. Fundación Ver; ArgentinaFil: Luna, José Domingo. Fundación Ver; ArgentinaFil: Rabinovich, Gabriel A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Design during COVID-19: Agents and allies in the role of designer, digital fabrication and distributed production

During COVID-19 global emergency, designers proposed solutions at different scales, as quick responses to demands from different agents. In the same way, we critically analyzed the emergence of allies, protocols and tools, which allowed the optimization of fabrication, from traditional manufacturing into distributed co-production. The analyzed local networks produced global co-design experiences, with involvement of FabLabs and users from different disciplines. Through case studies and the evaluation of surveys and testimonials from users and makers, we analyze the global panorama, to finally explore the specific situation in Latin America. This establishes a relationship between medical demand and digital fabrication, which allows evidence of positive and negative situations to be consider as new, significant aspects for the design in the future. The leading role acquired by the ecosystem surrounding digital fabrication during the pandemic, could enhance its processes in the search for greater positioning, changing society from within the different communities

Motility of small nematodes in disordered wet granular media

The motility of the worm nematode \textit{Caenorhabditis elegans} is investigated in shallow, wet granular media as a function of particle size dispersity and area density ($\phi$). Surprisingly, we find that the nematode's propulsion speed is enhanced by the presence of particles in a fluid and is nearly independent of area density. The undulation speed, often used to differentiate locomotion gaits, is significantly affected by the bulk material properties of wet mono- and polydisperse granular media for $\phi \geq 0.55$. This difference is characterized by a change in the nematode's waveform from swimming to crawling in dense polydisperse media \textit{only}. This change highlights the organism's adaptability to subtle differences in local structure and response between monodisperse and polydisperse media