Learning through the implementation of a Multimedia Software for Mathematics and Language Arts subjects in fifth and sixth grade at Jose de la Cruz Mena primary school, Jinotepe, Carazo

This investigation concerns the proper use of teaching and learning strategies in the implementation of a multimedia software in Mathematics and Language Arts subjects in fifth and sixth grade at Jose de la Cruz Mena primary school in Jinotepe-Carazo. According to the research characteristics it has a qualitative approach. The information was obtained through: key informants, observation and focus group, it is a descriptive and a cross-sectional study. The software was designed by students from the Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria in Carazo, available resources to be installed and to be used in primary school, starting in the school object of study, and then, extend the project to primary schools from Jinotepe with ICT classrooms. It was found that teachers in study have some difficulties with the use of technology, such as, little knowledge of computers and internet, they have no e-mail and are therefore it is a disadvantage with their students. Teachers do not have a clear definition of teaching-learning strategies in the use of educational software so that the appropriate use of available resources is difficult. It is recommended to strengthen the teaching-learning process, methodological strategies that allow the development of competences must be facilitated to teachers in the use of ICTs when implementing the educative software

Laboratoriod e Ciencias: Una estrategia didáctica significativa

En el nuevo modelo educativo de la Transformación Curricular de la UNAN- MANAGUA se plantea el desarrollo de actividades que promuevan un aprendizaje significativo, para ello se proponen una serie de estrategias que el docente pueda desarrollar en conjunto con los estudiantes de tal manera que el alumno sea el actor de su propio aprendizaje y el docente solo un facilitador. En el marco de esta Transformación Curricular, en la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Carazo desde el año 2012 se dio inicio a la implementación de estas estrategias didácticas que han permitido al docente incursionar en este nuevo modelo educativo. Entre estas estrategias se encuentra el aprendizaje colaborativo que implementa en la asignatura de Introducción a la Química como soporte para un desarrollo más significativo, esto a través de las prácticas de laboratorio con guías para desarrollar la actividad

The Collaborative Learning in the Science L aboratory: A meaningful Didactic Strategy

In the new educational model of curricular transformation at UNAN-MANAGUA, it is suggested the development of activities which promotes a meaningful learning. To achieve a number of strategies that teachers can develop together with the students, so that the student is the actor of his own learning and the teacher only a facilitator. As part of this Curricular Transformation in Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria, Carazo from 2012 it started implementing these teaching strategies that has allowed teachers to enter this new educational model. Among these strategies is implementing collaborative learning in the course Introduction to Chemistry as support for a more significant development, this is done through laboratory practices guides for the activity

EL PROFESORADO DE LA FAREM-CARAZO ELABORA SU CARPETA DOCENTE

Este año se ha iniciado con el proyecto “Seguimiento y Evaluación de la mejora de la Calidad Docente (2012-2016)”, a través de la cooperación entre la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) y la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Carazo de UNAN-Managua. Su desarrollo persigue la mejora de la calidad educativa, mediante la reflexión y provocación al cambio de la labor docente. Se optó por realizar un estudio de caso en la FAREM-Carazo, con la finalidad de que se pueda tomar como ejemplo a desarrollar en el resto de facultades. Para ello, se cuenta con un equipo interdisciplinar e interfacultativo de la UAB con interés y experiencia en la innovación docente y con la participación de todo el profesorado de la facultad coordinado por la Msc. Juana del Socorro Rodríguez Lara, delegada por la FAREM-Carazo. A partir de enero del año 2016, se desarrolla el primer taller “Carpeta Docente” dirigido a 62 docentes de Planta de los departamentos de Ciencias de la Educación y Humanidades, Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas y Ciencia Tecnología y Salud. El objetivo del taller está relacionado con el dominio y elaboración de la carpeta docente como instrumento de reflexión y mejora, potenciar competencias en su quehacer docente y elaborar su carpeta docente en periodos establecidos. A inicios de agosto se desarrolló un segundo taller sobre el “Seguimiento y evaluación de la Carpeta Docente”, en el que se permitió comprobar el avance cualitativo y cuantitativo de la misma así como la reflexión de su quehacer como docente y las necesidades de formación del profesorado universitario, culminando con la entrega y presentación de las carpetas docentes. El resultado fue muy positivo y se proseguirá con la formación de asistencia voluntaria de los profesores horarios

De la protesta al consumo: estrategias comunicativas en torno a la conmemoración del 21n enmarcadas en el tercer día sin IVA en Colombia

El 21 de noviembre de 2019 (21N) generó la expectativa en Colombia de un escenario álgido demarcado por la protesta social que llevaría el nombre de Paro Nacional, estallido social en contra del denominado “paquetazo de Duque” una rabia digna que conllevaba un fuerte malestar conforme al gobierno de turno. Estas movilizaciones tuvieron lugar hasta inicios del año 2020; no obstante, la llegada del Covid-19 y las estrictas medidas de aislamiento modificaron las dinámicas concentrando la atención en la pandemia y los casos ascendentes de contagios. Tras casi un año de confinamiento, el malestar social vuelve a ser protagonista de la agenda informativa, retomando así una nueva ola de protestas, de esta manera, el 21 de noviembre de 2020, a un año de las históricas movilizaciones, el Gobierno Nacional decide implementar el tercer día sin IVA en paralelo a la conmemoración del 21N, con la finalidad de recuperar la economía tras la recesión provocada por la cuarentena, estos días sin IVA, pretenden promover el consumo en un día, que es de amplia movilización en todos los sectores, por lo que el objetivo del presente artículo demarca el análisis de las estrategias ocupadas por los medios de comunicación en el cubrimiento noticioso del día sin IVA y de los actos conmemorativos a los que se dio lugar en esta fecha

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Landscape revitalization and recomposition through public space strategies in Bosa

En la ciudad de Bogotá, en la localidad de Bosa, UPZ 85 Bosa Central, y con el objetivo de integrar social, cultural, territorial y ambientalmente el territorio, se adelanta este proyecto partiendo de la actual fragmentación por la implementación de las nuevas construcciones como Parques de Villa Javier y la Av. Ciudad de Cali, dificultando la integración urbana entre los barrios de origen informal y formal. Dada la existencia del Cabildo muisca de Bosa, adyacente al Río Tunjuelo, se aprovecha la recuperación del río y de los elementos urbanos pre-existentes en el entorno, todo bajo el precepto de la Revitalización y la Recomposición Social y Urbana del Territorio. Por tal razón, el presente trabajo consiste, en la descripción y análisis de las ondiciones actuales del lugar, y la propuesta puntual y general, que dé respuesta a la problemática a la que se enfoca la tesis “integración social” (“vista como un proceso dinámico y con principios donde todos los miembros participan… (Torres, 2014, pág. 31), del diseño de un espacio públicoen una zona verde, ubicada en un punto estratégico que conecta a los grupos de interés. El área de intervención es una zona de protección, entre los barrios formales y de origen informal, colindando con el cabildo muisca. Se ubica en la ronda del Río Tunjuelo, el cual se caracteriza por su elevado nivel de contaminación, lo que no solo genera un déficit de confort para las viviendas de los barrios aledaños, sino el 6 impacto negativo, que genera a la economía y al bienestar diario al Cabildo muisca. El proyecto es un parque ecológico, llamado “Techovita” (Importante Cacique), diseñado a partir de la simbología muisca y la geometría sagrada, suple las necesidades de los colegios con las construcciones de Aulas Ambientales, de Parques de Villa Javier con el incremento del espacio público y comercio, y el cabildo con zonas de siembra y comercio campesino.In the city of Bogota, in the locality of Bosa, UPZ 85 Bosa Central, and with the objective of integrating social, cultural, territorial and environmentally the Territory, this project is advanced starting from the current fragmentation by the implementation of the new Constructions like parks of Villa Javier and the Av. City of Cali, hindering the urban integration between the neighborhoods of informal and formal origin. Given the existence of the Muisca chapter of Bosa, adjacent to the River Tunjuelo, takes advantage of the recovery of the river and the urban elements pre-existent in the environment, all under the precept of the revitalization and Social and urban recomposition of the territory.For this reason, the present work consists, in the description and analysis of the current conditions of the place, and the punctual and general proposal, that responds to the problematic that focuses the thesis "Social Integration" ("view as a dynamic process and with Principles where all members participate... (Torres, 2014, p. 31), of the design of a public space in a green Zone, located in a strategic point that connects the groups of interest.The area of intervention is a protection zone, between the formal districts and of informal origin, adjoining with the Muisca Council. It is located in the round of the River Tunjuelo, which is characterized by its high level of pollution, which not only generates a shortage of comfort for the homes of the surrounding neighborhoods, but the negative impact, which generates the economy and the daily Welfare of the Council MUISCA .The project is an ecological park, called "Techovita" (important Cacique), designed from the Muisca symbology and sacred geometry, it supplements the needs of the schools with the constructions of environmental classrooms, of parks of Villa Javier with the Increase of public space and commerce, and the Cabildo with areas of sowing and peasant trade

Environmental fluctuations and their effects on microbial communities, populations, and individuals

From the homeostasis of human health to the cycling of Earth’s elements, microbial activities underlie environmental, medical and industrial processes. These activities occur in chemical and physical landscapes that are highly dynamic and experienced by bacteria as fluctuations. In this review, we first discuss how bacteria can experience both spatial and temporal heterogeneity in their environments as temporal fluctuations of various timescale (seconds to seasons) and type (nutrient, sunlight, fluid flow, etc.). We then focus primarily on nutrient fluctuations to discuss how bacterial communities, populations and single cells respond to environmental fluctuations. Overall, we find that environmental fluctuations are ubiquitous, diverse, and strongly shape microbial behavior, ecology and evolution when compared to environments in which conditions remain constant over time. We hope this review may serve as a guide towards understanding the significance of environmental fluctuations in microbial life, such that their contributions and implications can be better assessed and exploited.ISSN:0168-6445ISSN:1574-697

Transcultural Comparison of Mental Health and Work–Life Integration Blurring in the Brazilian and Spanish Populations during COVID-19

The study aimed to compare the impact of Role Blurring on mental health and Work-Life Integration in the Brazilian and Spanish populations during COVID-19. Role Blurring, which is related to resources and demands in the work context, affects coping with stressors arising from role overlapping and impacts individuals’ perception of work overload and mental health. The sample consisted of 877 adults from Spain (n = 498) and Brazil (n = 372), and various statistical analyses were conducted to compare the groups. Results showed that Role Blurring is linked to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is essential to promote working conditions that limit expectations on availability and favor disconnection from work during leisure time. Public policies that intervene, promote, and prevent psychosocial risk factors in emergent contexts are crucial to prevent suicidal ideation and attempts. Considering the high expected influence of Blurring as a focus of interventions can be reflected in the medium term in the indicators of well-being and satisfaction of companies, institutions and organizations. This can result in the reduction of health costs aimed at cushioning post-COVID-19 impacts on mental health. The study is relevant to understand the impact of the pandemic and technology on mental health and suggests the need for interventions to promote work-life balance and prevent psychosocial risks