Perbandingan Tuturan Deklaratif Bermakna Imperatif dalam Novel Tebusan Darah dengan Hempasan Gelombang

This research discusses about comparison declarative speech meaningful imperative in novel Tebusan Darah with novel Hempasan gelombang. This research used by qualitative approach and descriptive method that aims to describe declarative speeches in novel Tebusan darah with Novel Hempasan gelombang and their comparison. In this research, researcher used documentation collection data techniques, and then classified by their form or type of declarative speech meaningful imperative. The results of this research is the researcher have found form or type declarative speech meaningful imperative contained in both novel such declarative speech meaningful imperative errands, invitiation, solicitations, invite, prohibition, and demand

Time-delay control of a magnetic levitated linear positioning system

In this paper, a high accuracy linear positioning system with a linear force actuator and magnetic levitation is proposed. By locating a permanently magnetized rod inside a current-carrying solenoid, the axial force is achieved by the boundary effect of magnet poles and utilized to power the linear motion, while the force for levitation is governed by Ampere's Law supplied with the same solenoid. With the levitation in a radial direction, there is hardly any friction between the rod and the solenoid. The high speed motion can hence be achieved. Besides, the axial force acting on the rod is a smooth function of rod position, so the system can provide nanometer resolution linear positioning to the molecule size. Since the force-position relation is highly nonlinear, and the mathematical model is derived according to some assumptions, such as the equivalent solenoid of the permanently magnetized rod, so there exists unknown dynamics in practical application. Thus 'robustness' is an important issue in controller design. Meanwhile the load effect reacts directly on the servo system without transmission elements, so the capability of 'disturbance rejection; is also required. With the above consideration, a time-delay control scheme is chosen and applied. By comparing the input-output relation and the mathematical model, the time-delay controller calculates an estimation of unmodeled dynamics and disturbances and then composes the desired compensation into the system. Effectiveness of the linear positioning system and control scheme are illustrated with simulation results

A Robust Controller for Second- Order Systems Using Acceleration Measurements

of 1/1.5 X W and the total performance is found to be satisfactory for practical use. To give better accuracy, the frequency timed by gating a crystal oscillator must be higher, so that many pulses to be counted are generated and much higher accuracy is theoritically possible. Alternatively, the measuring time needed to be taken more longer, so that the number of data collected in a computer is increased. Also, with the improvement of the lever system including swivels, very high accuracy up to 5 X 10' can be guaranteed. A Robust Controller for SecondOrder Systems Using Acceleration Measurements C.-H. Chuang,^ Oliver Courouge,* and Jer-Nan Juang^ Conclusions To enable us to appreciate the qualities of the GWMD, the principle and the dynamical characteristics of the gyroscopic method were reviewed briefly, and some remarkable features as a weight measuring device were described. Through experimental results, the performance of the GWMD was demonstrated by comparison to comertially available one in StevensWohwa. However, some technical problems in the GWMD must be taken into account for future development. The first problem is to forecast the area of industries where the GWMD will be needed as a highly precise weight measurement. For measurement for small amount of weights less than 20 to 30 N, electromagnetic force-balance types can be sufficiently worked with accuracy as same as the GWMD. On the other hand, for measurement for weight up to 3 X 10' N, the existing weighing scales can sufficiently achieved a repeatable accuracy of ±100 N. The exceptionally high resolving power such as the GWMD is not required in this area. For measurement of middle class of weights, cheap load cells on the market can be worked with adequate accuracy up to 1/10,000. Secondly, the GWMD is prohibitively costly. The gyroscopic instruments have been manufactured by specialist firms and are now used for special purposes where limited accuracy is required such as flight and navigation control and other aeronautical instruments. The demand for gyroscopic instruments is slight and the manufacturing cost becomes highly expensive. The application of the GWMD is now limited to the specific areas of industries. When the importance of the GWMD is fully appreciated by industries in the future, this device will be utilized in many areas not at present visualized. The GWMD appears to have a considerable potential for providing standards of weight measurement. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge, with thanks, the valuable suggestions and materials by Professor Emeritus H. Tomizawa of Keio University and Professor C. Maeda of Osaka Institute of Technology in Japan. References Arnold, R. N., and Maunder, L., 1961, Gyrodynamics an

Quasiparticle dynamics and phonon softening in FeSe superconductors

Quasiparticle dynamics of FeSe single crystals revealed by dual-color transient reflectivity measurements ({\Delta}R/R) provides unprecedented information on Fe-based superconductors. The amplitude of fast component in {\Delta}R/R clearly tells a competing scenario between spin fluctuations and superconductivity. Together with the transport measurements, the relaxation time analysis further exhibits anomalous changes at 90 K and 230 K. The former manifests a structure phase transition as well as the associated phonon softening. The latter suggests a previously overlooked phase transition or crossover in FeSe. The electron-phonon coupling constant {\lambda} is found to be 0.16, identical to the value of theoretical calculations. Such a small {\lambda} demonstrates an unconventional origin of superconductivity in FeSe.Comment: Final published version; 5 pages; 4 figure

Three-dimensional optical method for integrated visualization of mouse islet microstructure and vascular network with subcellular-level resolution

Microscopic visualization of islets of Langerhans under normal and diabetic conditions is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. The intrinsic opacity of pancreata, however, limits optical accessibility for high-resolution light microscopy of islets in situ. Because the standard microtome-based, 2-D tissue analysis confines visualization of the islet architecture at a specific cut plane, 3-D representation of image data is preferable for islet assessment. We applied optical clearing to minimize the random light scattering in the mouse pancreatic tissue. The optical-cleared pancreas allowed penetrative, 3-D microscopic imaging of the islet microstructure and vasculature. Specifically, the islet vasculature was revealed by vessel painting-lipophilic dye labeling of blood vessels-for confocal microscopy. The voxel-based confocal micrographs were digitally processed with projection algorithms for 3-D visualization. Unlike the microtome-based tissue imaging, this optical method for penetrative imaging of mouse islets yielded clear, continuous optical sections for an integrated visualization of the islet microstructure and vasculature with subcellular-level resolution. We thus provide a useful imaging approach to change our conventional planar view of the islet structure into a 3-D panorama for better understanding of the islet physiology. (C) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3470241

Studies of InGaN∕GaN multiquantum-well green-light-emitting diodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

InGaN(3nm)∕GaN(5nm) three period multiquantum green-light-emitting diodes(LEDs) grown by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique have been studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), double crystal high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and low temperature photoluminescence. HRTEM analysis showed that the defect density gradually decreased in the growth direction with increasing thickness. Self-assembled quantum dot-likestructures in the wells and black lumps between the well and barrier due to In segregation and strain contrast were observed, respectively. The HRXRD spectrum of the green LEDstructure was simulated using the kinematical theory method to obtain the composition and thickness of the well and barrier. The quantum-well (QW) green emission peak 2.557eV at 10K showed “S” shaped shift like a red–blue–red shift with variation of the temperature in the photoluminescence spectra due to potential fluctuations caused by inhomogeneous alloy distribution in the wells. The activation energy of 49meVobtained from the QW green emission line indicated deepening of the localization of the carriers