Marcadores ultrasonográficos prenatales de las anomalías cromosómicas. Revisión bibliográfica

Las cromosomopatías constituyen un importante problema de salud, y representan aproximadamente el 0.63%  de los recién nacidos, 50-60% de los abortos espontáneos y 5% de los mortinatos. En1968 se realizó el primer diagnóostico citogenético prenatal y a partir de 1983 se introdujeron paulatinamente marcadores bioquímicos prenatales (AFP, GCh, Estriol no conjugado, hasta los más recientes: proteína A del plasma e inhibina A dimérica). El desarrollo y modernización de los equipos de ultrasonografía ha permitido detectar hallazgos que pueden ser reconocidos como verdaderos marcadores ultrasonográficos prenatales de cromosomopatías. Entre estos marcadores se encuentran: la translucencia nucal, el pliegue nucal, anomalías cardiacas, atresia duodenal, quistes del plexo coroideo, biometría de huesos  largos, hipoplasia del hueso nasal, pielectasia e hiperecogenicidad intestinal. El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar un exhaustivo análisis de estos marcadores ultrasonográficos prenatales, destacando en las conclusiones la  importancia y ventajas  que tiene aplicar una estrategia implementando estos avances a la atención médica de todas las  embarazadas como parte del Programa Nacional de Atención Materno Infantil

Repercusión de las alteraciones en la percepción visual de la obra de Vincent Van Gogh

Los autores presentan en este trabajo una exhaustiva revisión médica e histórica sobre las causas que podían haber influido en la percepción visual que tenía el afamado Vincent Van Gogh, que lo llevaron a una mayor utilización del color amarillo en sus cuadros. El estudio es una detallada exposición de hechos médicos ocurridos en la vida del artista contribuyendo al desarrollo de no solo la cultura general de nuestros profesionales de la salud, sino que profundiza en aspectos inherentes a la historia de la medicina y de la farmacología

Neonatal hemophagocytic syndrome. Case report

Introducción: el síndrome hemofagocítico o linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica se caracteriza por una activación patológica del sistema inmune mediada por linfocitos T citotóxicos, natural killers y macrófagos, que finalmente fagocitan las células hematopoyéticas. Presentación de caso: recién nacido a término, peso adecuado para la edad gestacional, hijo de madre multípara, abortadora habitual, con antecedentes patológicos personales de hipermovilidad articular y gastritis crónica. Nació en buenas condiciones y en su evolución presentó distrés respiratorio, exantema, fiebre, pancitopenia, hepatomegalia marcada y ferritina sérica elevada con empeoramiento clínico-analítico y rápida progresión a la disfunción múltiple de órganos, con estudios virológicos negativos y sin crecimiento bacteriano ni micótico. Se diagnosticó síndrome hemofagocítico con prescripción de tratamiento específico: dexametasona e inmunoglobulina a dosis inmunosupresora. El neonato tuvo una evolución tórpida y fallece con 27 días de vida.Conclusiones: el síndrome hemofagocítico en el período neonatal es difícil de diagnosticar y se comporta como un simulador de muchas enfermedades con rápida progresión al fallo multiorgánico e implicaciones  pronósticas muy desfavorables para el paciente.Introduction: hemophagocytic syndrome or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is characterized by a pathological activation of the immune system mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killers and macrophages, which finally phagocytize hematopoietic cells. Case presentation: term newborn, appropriate weight for gestational age, son of a multiparous mother, habitual aborter, with a personal pathological history of joint hypermobility and chronic gastritis. He was born in good condition and in his evolution presented respiratory distress, exanthema, fever, pancytopenia, marked hepatomegaly and elevated serum ferritin with clinical-analytical worsening and rapid progression to multiple organ dysfunction, with negative virological studies and no bacterial or fungal growth. Hemophagocytic syndrome was diagnosed and specific treatment was prescribed: dexamethasone and immunoglobulin at immunosuppressive doses. The neonate had a torpid evolution and died at 27 days of life.Conclusions: hemophagocytic syndrome in the neonatal period is difficult to diagnose and behaves as a simulator of many diseases with rapid progression to multiorgan failure and very unfavorable prognostic implications for the patient

Long-term hippocampal interneuronopathy drives sex-dimorphic spatial memory impairment induced by prenatal THC exposure

Prenatal exposure to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most prominent active constituent of cannabis, alters neurodevelopmental plasticity with a long-term functional impact on adult offspring. Specifically, THC affects the development of pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons via cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R). However, the particular contribution of these two neuronal lineages to the behavioral alterations and functional deficits induced by THC is still unclear. Here, by using conditional CB1R knockout mice, we investigated the neurodevelopmental consequences of prenatal THC exposure in adulthood, as well as their potential sex differences. Adult mice that had been exposed to THC during embryonic development showed altered hippocampal oscillations, brain hyperexcitability, and spatial memory impairment. Remarkably, we found a clear sexual dimorphism in these effects, with males being selectively affected. At the neuronal level, we found a striking interneuronopathy of CCK-containing interneurons in the hippocampus, which was restricted to male progeny. This THC-induced CCK-interneuron reduction was not evident in mice lacking CB1R selectively in GABAergic interneurons, thus pointing to a cell-autonomous THC action. In vivo electrophysiological recordings of hippocampal LFPs revealed alterations in hippocampal oscillations confined to the stratum pyramidale of CA1 in male offspring. In addition, sharp-wave ripples, a major high-frequency oscillation crucial for learning and memory consolidation, were also altered, pointing to aberrant circuitries caused by persistent reduction of CCK+ basket cells. Taken together, these findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the long-term interneuronopathy responsible for the sex-dimorphic cognitive impairment induced by prenatal THC.The authors declare no conflict of interest. This work was supported by grants PI18-00941 to IG-R cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund "A way to achieve Europe"; RTI2018-095311-B-100 to MG, BFU2015-66887-R to LM-P, and 2017-SGR-138 to MP from the Generalitat de Catalunya. DG-R was supported by Fundacion Tatiana Perez de Guzman; DG-D was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2013-064171). JP-L and JA were supported by FPI and FPU program fellowships, respectively (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte) and S. S-S. was supported by Fondo Social Europeo-YEI (CT101/18-CT102/18PEJD-2018-PRE/BMD-7933). CM is recipient of a Marie Curie program fellowship (747487)

Long-term hippocampal interneuronopathy drives sex-dimorphic spatial memory impairment induced by prenatal THC exposure

Prenatal exposure to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most prominent active constituent of cannabis, alters neurodevelopmental plasticity with a long-term functional impact on adult offspring. Specifically, THC affects the development of pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons via cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R). However, the particular contribution of these two neuronal lineages to the behavioral alterations and functional deficits induced by THC is still unclear. Here, by using conditional CB1R knockout mice, we investigated the neurodevelopmental consequences of prenatal THC exposure in adulthood, as well as their potential sex differences. Adult mice that had been exposed to THC during embryonic development showed altered hippocampal oscillations, brain hyperexcitability, and spatial memory impairment. Remarkably, we found a clear sexual dimorphism in these effects, with males being selectively affected. At the neuronal level, we found a striking interneuronopathy of CCK-containing interneurons in the hippocampus, which was restricted to male progeny. This THC-induced CCK-interneuron reduction was not evident in mice lacking CB1R selectively in GABAergic interneurons, thus pointing to a cell-autonomous THC action. In vivo electrophysiological recordings of hippocampal LFPs revealed alterations in hippocampal oscillations confined to the stratum pyramidale of CA1 in male offspring. In addition, sharp-wave ripples, a major high-frequency oscillation crucial for learning and memory consolidation, were also altered, pointing to aberrant circuitries caused by persistent reduction of CCK+ basket cells. Taken together, these findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the long-term interneuronopathy responsible for the sex-dimorphic cognitive impairment induced by prenatal THC.The authors declare no conflict of interest. This work was supported by grants PI18-00941 to IG-R cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund "A way to achieve Europe"; RTI2018-095311-B-100 to MG, BFU2015-66887-R to LM-P, and 2017-SGR-138 to MP from the Generalitat de Catalunya. DG-R was supported by Fundacion Tatiana Perez de Guzman; DG-D was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2013-064171). JP-L and JA were supported by FPI and FPU program fellowships, respectively (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte) and S. S-S. was supported by Fondo Social Europeo-YEI (CT101/18-CT102/18PEJD-2018-PRE/BMD-7933). CM is recipient of a Marie Curie program fellowship (747487)

Long-term hippocampal interneuronopathy drives sex-dimorphic spatial memory impairment induced by prenatal THC exposure

Prenatal exposure to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most prominent active constituent of cannabis, alters neurodevelopmental plasticity with a long-term functional impact on adult offspring. Specifically, THC affects the development of pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons via cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R). However, the particular contribution of these two neuronal lineages to the behavioral alterations and functional deficits induced by THC is still unclear. Here, by using conditional CB1R knockout mice, we investigated the neurodevelopmental consequences of prenatal THC exposure in adulthood, as well as their potential sex differences. Adult mice that had been exposed to THC during embryonic development showed altered hippocampal oscillations, brain hyperexcitability, and spatial memory impairment. Remarkably, we found a clear sexual dimorphism in these effects, with males being selectively affected. At the neuronal level, we found a striking interneuronopathy of CCK-containing interneurons in the hippocampus, which was restricted to male progeny. This THC-induced CCK-interneuron reduction was not evident in mice lacking CB1R selectively in GABAergic interneurons, thus pointing to a cell-autonomous THC action. In vivo electrophysiological recordings of hippocampal LFPs revealed alterations in hippocampal oscillations confined to the stratum pyramidale of CA1 in male offspring. In addition, sharp-wave ripples, a major high-frequency oscillation crucial for learning and memory consolidation, were also altered, pointing to aberrant circuitries caused by persistent reduction of CCK+ basket cells. Taken together, these findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the long-term interneuronopathy responsible for the sex-dimorphic cognitive impairment induced by prenatal THC.The authors declare no conflict of interest. This work was supported by grants PI18-00941 to IG-R cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund "A way to achieve Europe"; RTI2018-095311-B-100 to MG, BFU2015-66887-R to LM-P, and 2017-SGR-138 to MP from the Generalitat de Catalunya. DG-R was supported by Fundacion Tatiana Perez de Guzman; DG-D was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2013-064171). JP-L and JA were supported by FPI and FPU program fellowships, respectively (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte) and S. S-S. was supported by Fondo Social Europeo-YEI (CT101/18-CT102/18PEJD-2018-PRE/BMD-7933). CM is recipient of a Marie Curie program fellowship (747487)

Long-term hippocampal interneuronopathy drives sex-dimorphic spatial memory impairment induced by prenatal THC exposure

Prenatal exposure to Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most prominent active constituent of cannabis, alters neurodevelopmental plasticity with a long-term functional impact on adult offspring. Specifically, THC affects the development of pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons via cannabinoid CB receptors (CBR). However, the particular contribution of these two neuronal lineages to the behavioral alterations and functional deficits induced by THC is still unclear. Here, by using conditional CBR knockout mice, we investigated the neurodevelopmental consequences of prenatal THC exposure in adulthood, as well as their potential sex differences. Adult mice that had been exposed to THC during embryonic development showed altered hippocampal oscillations, brain hyperexcitability, and spatial memory impairment. Remarkably, we found a clear sexual dimorphism in these effects, with males being selectively affected. At the neuronal level, we found a striking interneuronopathy of CCK-containing interneurons in the hippocampus, which was restricted to male progeny. This THC-induced CCK-interneuron reduction was not evident in mice lacking CBR selectively in GABAergic interneurons, thus pointing to a cell-autonomous THC action. In vivo electrophysiological recordings of hippocampal LFPs revealed alterations in hippocampal oscillations confined to the stratum pyramidale of CA1 in male offspring. In addition, sharp-wave ripples, a major high-frequency oscillation crucial for learning and memory consolidation, were also altered, pointing to aberrant circuitries caused by persistent reduction of CCK basket cells. Taken together, these findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the long-term interneuronopathy responsible for the sex-dimorphic cognitive impairment induced by prenatal THC.This work was supported by grants PI18-00941 to IG-R cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”; RTI2018- 095311-B-100 to MG, BFU2015-66887-R to LM-P, and 2017-SGR-138 to MP from the Generalitat de Catalunya. DG-R was supported by Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán; DG-D was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2013-064171). JP-L and JA were supported by FPI and FPU program fellowships, respectively (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte) and S. S-S. was supported by Fondo Social Europeo-YEI (CT101/18-CT102/18PEJD-2018-PRE/BMD-7933). CM is recipient of a Marie Curie program fellowship (747487)

Jornada de Biología computacional, ciencia de datos e inteligencia artificial

Datos técnicos: 509 minutos, color, español. Ficha técnica: Gabinete de Presidencia CSIC y Departamento de Comunicación. Emitido en directo el 3 jul 2023El objetivo de esta jornada es el de reunir a investigadores y tecnólogos en el campo de la tecnología, la biología, la salud y disciplinas cercanas, con el fin de conocer y discutir los últimos avances en la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial y la ciencia de datos en la investigación en diversas áreas "BIO". Durante la jornada, se pretende llevar a cabo una serie de conferencias y mesas redondas, con tiempo para interacturar, que tratarán temas como el uso de la inteligencia artificial en la investigación "BIO", el acceso a infraestructuras de computación y servicios de análisis de datos o la aplicación de la ciencia de datos para el análisis de datos genómicos y otros grandes volúmenes de datosPeer reviewe