24 research outputs found
INVESTIGACI脫N - COLECTA, CARACTERIZACI脫N Y UTILIZACI脫N DE LA VARIABILIDAD GEN脡TICA EN GERMOPLASMA CHILENO DE POROTO (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Collection, characterization and use of genetic variation in Chilean bean germplasm (Phaseolus vulgaris L.))
Recently performed studies on the type of seed protein present from
several origins and their morphological traits have shown that the
common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is native to America,
being a species without a specific center of origin and with two areas
of domestication: Central America and South America. In this last
center, three strains were determined, one of them is called "the
Chilean strain," which as noted is a sub-center of genetic diversity
for this species. With the purpose of collecting and preserving the
genetic diversity present in the Chilean ecotypes, a germplasm
collection was made, from Arica to Chiloe, visiting 207 locations in 28
expeditions and collecting 1239 accessions. This material was seeded in
two Regional Center of Research La Platina in Santiago, and Quilamapu
in Chillan, to study the genetic variation of 11 morphological traits.
Through an analysis of frequency distributions, great variability was
observed: from growth habit I to IV with different shape of leaves,
white to purple colored flowers, with different shapes and sizes of
bracteoles; diversity in shape, size and color of pods with dorsally or
centrally located beaks. The seed varied from a small to large size,
with a round or oval shape and a large variation in the primary color
and its combinations. Of all the accessions evaluated, it is estimated
that 24% corresponded to Chilean ecotypes that had the typical
characteristics of the Chilean strain. This material has been used for
genetic improvement of the "tortola" and coscorron" types,
inheritability studies and molecular classification
Colecta, caracterizaci\uf3n y utilizaci\uf3n de la variabilidad gen\ue9tica en germoplasma Chileno de poroto ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Recently performed studies on the type of seed protein present from
several origins and their morphological traits have shown that the
common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is native to America, being a
species without a specific center of origin and with two areas of
domestication: Central America and South America. In this last center,
three strains were determined, one of them is called "the Chilean
strain," which as noted is a sub-center of genetic diversity for this
species. With the purpose of collecting and preserving the genetic
diversity present in the Chilean ecotypes, a germplasm collection was
made, from Arica to Chiloe, visiting 207 locations in 28 expeditions
and collecting 1239 accessions. This material was seeded in two
Regional Center of Research La Platina in Santiago, and Quilamapu in
Chillan, to study the genetic variation of 11 morphological traits.
Through an analysis of frequency distributions, great variability was
observed: from growth habit I to IV with different shape of leaves,
white to purple colored flowers, with different shapes and sizes of
bracteoles; diversity in shape, size and color of pods with dorsally or
centrally located beaks. The seed varied from a small to large size,
with a round or oval shape and a large variation in the primary color
and its combinations. Of all the accessions evaluated, it is estimated
that 24% corresponded to Chilean ecotypes that had the typical
characteristics of the Chilean strain. This material has been used for
genetic improvement of the "tortola" and coscorron" types,
inheritability studies and molecular classification.Estudios realizados recientemente con el tipo de prote\uedna de
semilla de diversos or\uedgenes y sus caracter\uedsticas
morfol\uf3gicas han demostrado que el poroto ( Phaseolus vulgaris
L.) es originario de Am\ue9rica, siendo una especie sin un centro de
origen espec\uedfico y con dos grandes \ue1reas de
domesticaci\uf3n: Mesoam\ue9rica y Sudam\ue9rica. Para esta
\ufaltima se han determinado tres razas, una de las cuales se ha
denominado "raza Chile", que lo se\uf1ala como un subcentro de
diversidad gen\ue9tica para esta especie. Con el prop\uf3sito de
preservar y conocer esta variabilidad se hizo una recolecci\uf3n de
los ecotipos chilenos, desde Arica a Chilo\ue9, recogi\ue9ndose
1239 accesiones en 28 expediciones en las que se visitaron 207
localidades. Este material fue sembrado en los Centro Regionales de
Investigaci\uf3n La Platina en Santiago y Quilamapu en Chill\ue1n,
para evaluar la diversidad gen\ue9tica presente en 11 caracteres
morfol\uf3gicos. A trav\ue9s de un an\ue1lisis de
distribuci\uf3n de frecuencia se determin\uf3 una gran
variabilidad: desde h\ue1bito de crecimiento I a IV con distintas
formas de hoja, color de flor desde blanco a p\ufarpura, presencia de
todos los tipos de bracteolas, diversidad en la forma, tama\uf1o y
color de vainas con \ue1pice dorsal o central. La semilla vari\uf3
de un tama\uf1o peque\uf1o a grande, con forma redonda a alargada y
con gran variaci\uf3n en el color primario o en la combinaci\uf3n
de ellos. Del total de accesiones evaluadas, se estim\uf3 que un 24%
correspondi\uf3 a ecotipos chilenos que presentaron las
caracter\uedsticas t\uedpicas descritas para la raza Chile. Este
material ha sido usado para el mejoramiento gen\ue9tico de tipos
"t\uf3rtolas" y "coscorr\uf3n", estudios de heredabilidad y
caracterizaci\uf3n molecular
Calp煤n-INIA, cultivar de lenteja ( Lens culinaris Medik.) de grano grande y resistente a roya
Calp煤n-INIA is a rust (Uromyces fabae Pers.) resistant lentil
(Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivar that was developed by the former Food
Legume Program of the National Institute of Agricultural Research
(INIA), Chile. It is derived from crosses between the Chilean
rust-susceptible Araucana-INIA and the Canadian rust-resistant Laird
cultivars, using earliness, Araucana-INIA's type of plant architecture,
seed size, seed yield and rust resistance as selection criteria.
Calp煤n-INIA belongs to the large seeded cultivars (macrosperma
type), averaging 8 g per 100 seeds, and > 65% of seeds retained in a
7 mm sieve. The seed is partially flattened, with pale green to grey
background and pale yellow cotyledons. Averaged across years, the seed
yield of Calp煤n-INIA was 17% lower than Araucana-INIA's in
rust-free environments, whereas Calp煤n-INIA out-yielded
Araucana-INIA by 60 to 95% in environments where this disease is the
main constraint for lentil production. Calp煤n-INIA is the first
lentil cultivar released by INIA, combining high yield and large seed
size with rust resistanceCalp煤n-INIA es un cultivar de lenteja (Lens culinaris Medik.)
resistente a la roya (Uromyces fabae Pers.), desarrollado por el ex
Programa de Leguminosas de Grano del Instituto Nacional de
Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Chile. Se origina de un
cruzamiento entre el cultivar chileno Araucana-INIA susceptible a la
roya y el cultivar canadiense Laird resistente a roya, utilizando
precocidad, arquitectura de planta del tipo Araucana-INIA, tama帽o
de grano, rendimiento de grano y resistencia a roya como criterios de
selecci贸n. Calp煤n-INIA pertenece a los cultivares de
tama帽o de grano grande (tipo macrosperma), con peso promedio de 8
g por 100 granos, y con tama帽o de grano de 7 mm superior a 65%. La
semilla es parcialmente aplanada, de color verde claro a gris y de
cotiledones amarillo p谩lidos. En promedio de temporadas, el
rendimiento en grano de Calp煤n-INIA fue 17% inferior a
Araucana-INIA, en evaluaciones realizadas en ambientes libres de roya.
En tanto, su rendimiento supera a Araucana-INIA entre 60 a 95%, en
ambientes donde la enfermedad es la principal limitante de
producci贸n. Calp煤n-INIA es el primer cultivar de lenteja
desarrollado por INIA que combina alto rendimiento y calibre de grano,
con resistencia a roya
SUPER ARAUCANA-INIA: UNA NUEVA VARIEDAD DE LENTEJA (Lens culinaris Med.) CHILENA DE GRANO GRANDE (Super Araucana-INIA: a new Chilean large-seed lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) cultivar)
SuperAraucana-INIA is the first lentil cultivar developed in Chile by
crossing (Araucana-INIA x Tekoa) x De la Mata, which was first done at
the Quilamapu Research Center of the National Institute of Agricultural
Investigations (INIA) in 1984. Its main characteristic is the
production of 70% of the seeds with over a 7mm diameter, which is
called "lentej贸n" in the internal market, and a yield similar to
Araucana-INIA. SuperAraucana-INIA is susceptible to the lentil rust
caused by Uromyces fabae 聽 f. sp. lentis , making necessary its
protection with fungicides, especially when it is planted in dry
coastal loam soils in winter and rich lowland soils in spring
Composici贸n inorg谩nica de semillas de genotipos de poroto ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), raza Chile
The current Chilean bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) collection is about
1110 accessions. To facilitate the characterization of this germplasm a
core collection of 246 accessions was formed. Little information exists
about the mineral content and other quality traits for those bean
genotypes. This information could be useful to determine their quality
and to promote its consumption. The objective of this work was to
evaluate the variability for macro and micronutrients of a
representative bean sample from a Chilean core collection and to
compare them with representatives from other races. The results
indicated the presence of a wide variability for some macro and
micronutrients, such as N, Fe, and Zn. The protein content varied from
183.5 to 259.7 g kg-1, Fe from 68.9 to 152.4 mg kg-1, and Zn from 27.9
to 40.7 mg kg-1. This situation could allow to select those genotypes
with higher elements and to improve the current cultivars. The simple
correlation analysis indicated that the N content was positively
correlated with protein, P, Cu, Zn, and S content and negatively
correlated with B content and the C/N ratio of the seed. The Fe content
was positively correlated with Mn and Ca content and Zn content was
positively correlated with the N, P, Cu and S content and negatively
correlated with the relation C/N ratio of bean seed. There were no
significant differences between the Chilean bean genotypes compared to
genotypes from other races.La colecci贸n de poroto com煤n ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en
Chile cuenta con 1110 accesiones. Para facilitar la
caracterizaci贸n de este germoplasma se form贸 una
colecci贸n n煤cleo de 246 accesiones. Existe poca
informaci贸n acerca del contenido de minerales y otras
caracter铆sticas de calidad para estos genotipos de poroto. Esta
informaci贸n podr铆a ser 煤til para determinar la calidad y
potencialidad de esta especie y para promover su consumo. El objetivo
de este trabajo fue evaluar la variabilidad de los macro y
micronutrientes de una muestra representativa de la colecci贸n
n煤cleo y compararla con genotipos representativos de las otras
razas. Los resultados indicaron la presencia de una amplia variabilidad
de macro y micronutrientes, tales como N, Fe, y Zn. El contenido de
prote铆na vari贸 entre 183,5 y 259,7 g kg-1, Fe desde 68,9
hasta 152,4 mg kg-1, y Zn entre 27,9 y 40,7 mg kg-1. Esta
situaci贸n podr铆a permitir seleccionar genotipos con alta
concentraci贸n de estos elementos para mejorar los actuales
cultivares. El an谩lisis de correlaci贸n simple indic贸 que
el contenido de N estuvo positivamente correlacionado con el contenido
de prote铆na, P, Cu, Zn y S y negativamente correlacionado con el
contenido de B y la relaci贸n C/N de la semilla. El contenido de Fe
estuvo positivamente correlacionado con el contenido de Mn y Ca. El
contenido de Zn estuvo positivamente correlacionado con el contenido de
N, P, Cu y S y negativamente correlacionado con la relaci贸n C/N.
No hubo diferencias significativas entre genotipos chilenos con
genotipos de otras razas y acervo gen茅tico
Calp\ufan-INIA, cultivar de lenteja ( Lens culinaris Medik.) de grano grande y resistente a roya
Calp\ufan-INIA is a rust (Uromyces fabae Pers.) resistant lentil
(Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivar that was developed by the former Food
Legume Program of the National Institute of Agricultural Research
(INIA), Chile. It is derived from crosses between the Chilean
rust-susceptible Araucana-INIA and the Canadian rust-resistant Laird
cultivars, using earliness, Araucana-INIA's type of plant architecture,
seed size, seed yield and rust resistance as selection criteria.
Calp\ufan-INIA belongs to the large seeded cultivars (macrosperma
type), averaging 8 g per 100 seeds, and > 65% of seeds retained in a
7 mm sieve. The seed is partially flattened, with pale green to grey
background and pale yellow cotyledons. Averaged across years, the seed
yield of Calp\ufan-INIA was 17% lower than Araucana-INIA's in
rust-free environments, whereas Calp\ufan-INIA out-yielded
Araucana-INIA by 60 to 95% in environments where this disease is the
main constraint for lentil production. Calp\ufan-INIA is the first
lentil cultivar released by INIA, combining high yield and large seed
size with rust resistanceCalp\ufan-INIA es un cultivar de lenteja (Lens culinaris Medik.)
resistente a la roya (Uromyces fabae Pers.), desarrollado por el ex
Programa de Leguminosas de Grano del Instituto Nacional de
Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Chile. Se origina de un
cruzamiento entre el cultivar chileno Araucana-INIA susceptible a la
roya y el cultivar canadiense Laird resistente a roya, utilizando
precocidad, arquitectura de planta del tipo Araucana-INIA, tama\uf1o
de grano, rendimiento de grano y resistencia a roya como criterios de
selecci\uf3n. Calp\ufan-INIA pertenece a los cultivares de
tama\uf1o de grano grande (tipo macrosperma), con peso promedio de 8
g por 100 granos, y con tama\uf1o de grano de 7 mm superior a 65%. La
semilla es parcialmente aplanada, de color verde claro a gris y de
cotiledones amarillo p\ue1lidos. En promedio de temporadas, el
rendimiento en grano de Calp\ufan-INIA fue 17% inferior a
Araucana-INIA, en evaluaciones realizadas en ambientes libres de roya.
En tanto, su rendimiento supera a Araucana-INIA entre 60 a 95%, en
ambientes donde la enfermedad es la principal limitante de
producci\uf3n. Calp\ufan-INIA es el primer cultivar de lenteja
desarrollado por INIA que combina alto rendimiento y calibre de grano,
con resistencia a roya
Super Araucana-INIA: Una Nueva Variedad de Lenteja (Lens CulinarisMed.) Chilena de Grano Grande
SuperAraucana-INIA is the first lentil cultivar developed in Chile by
crossing (Araucana-INIA x Tekoa) x De la Mata, which was first done at
the Quilamapu Research Center of the National Institute of Agricultural
Investigations (INIA) in 1984. Its main characteristic is the
production of 70% of the seeds with over a 7mm diameter, which is
called "lentej\uf3n" in the internal market, and a yield similar to
Araucana-INIA. SuperAraucana-INIA is susceptible to the lentil rust
caused by Uromyces fabae f. sp. lentis , making necessary its
protection with fungicides, especially when it is planted in dry
coastal loam soils in winter and rich lowland soils in spring.SuperAraucana-INIA es la primera variedad de lenteja obtenida en Chile
a trav\ue9s de cruzamientos (Araucana-INIA x Tekoa) x De la Mata, el
que fue realizado en 1984 en el Centro Regional de Investigaci\uf3n
Quilamapu, del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA). Su
principal caracter\uedstica es la producci\uf3n superior a 70% de
granos de 7 mm de di\ue1metro o "lentej\uf3n", y un rendimiento
similar a Araucana-INIA. Es susceptible a la roya de la lenteja causada
por el hongo Uromyces fabae f. sp. lentis , siendo necesaria su
protecci\uf3n con fungicidas, especialmente en el secano costero en
siembras realizadas en invierno en suelo de loma y en primavera en
suelo de vega
Selecci贸n de una colecci贸n n煤cleo representativa del germoplasma chileno de porotos
Race Chile is an important component of the genetic structure of the
common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The germplasm bank of the
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA contains 1200
accessions distributed mainly into two Active Working Germplasm Banks
at INIA La Platina (Santiago) and at INIA Quilamapu (Chill谩n) and
also the Germplasm Base Bank at INIA Intihuasi (La Serena). The Chilean
collection possesses accessions collected throughout the country. One
way to study and use the germplasm stored at the Seed Banks is the
formation of a core collection. The objectives of this work were: a) To
establish a common bean core collection with the germplasm collected
throughout the country, and b) to evaluate its representatives based on
phenotypic data and to compare with data from the whole collection. The
results indicated that the Chilean base collection contained accessions
belonging to the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools and to genotypes
belong to race Chile, Per煤, Nueva Granada, Mesoamerica and
Durango. The Chilean bean core collection consisted of 246 accessions.
Comparison for several phenotypic traits data from 246 accessions from
the whole and core collection indicated the genetic variation expressed
for each trait in the whole collection was quite well represented in
the core collection. This core collection will be very useful for
further phenotypic and genetic characterization and to select
accessions for the bean breeding program.La raza Chile es un componente importante de la estructura
gen茅tica del germoplasma del poroto com煤n ( Phaseolus
vulgaris L.). El Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA,
posee alrededor de 1200 accesiones almacenadas en los Bancos activos de
Germoplasma en INIA La Platina (Santiago) e INIA Quilamapu
(Chill谩n) y Banco Base en INIA Intihuasi (La Serena). Esta
colecci贸n est谩 formada por accesiones colectadas a
trav茅s de todo el pa铆s. La formaci贸n de una
colecci贸n n煤cleo se ha planteado como una forma de hacer un
uso m谩s eficiente del germoplasma almacenado en los Bancos de
Germoplasma. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron formar una
colecci贸n n煤cleo de germoplasma de porotos, y evaluar su
representatividad. La estrategia utilizada para formar la
colecci贸n n煤cleo fue la estratificaci贸n de las
accesiones de la colecci贸n base de acuerdo al acervo gen茅tico
y raza, permitiendo que la mayor diversidad gen茅tica estuviera
representada en esta nueva colecci贸n. Los resultados obtenidos
indicaron que la colecci贸n base estaba formada por genotipos
pertenecientes a los acervos gen茅ticos Andino y Mesoamericano y a
las razas cultivadas Chile, Per煤, Nueva Granada, Mesoam茅rica
y Durango. La colecci贸n n煤cleo estuvo formada por 246
accesiones, donde se dio mayor representatividad a las accesiones de la
raza Chile. La comparaci贸n morfol贸gica, fenol贸gica y
agron贸mica permiti贸 determinar que la diversidad
gen茅tica presente en la colecci贸n base estaba representada
adecuadamente en la colecci贸n n煤cleo. Esta colecci贸n
n煤cleo ser谩 de gran utilidad para futuros estudios de
caracterizaci贸n de este germoplasma y para seleccionar
progenitores para el programa de mejoramiento gen茅tico de frejol