Searching for non-invasive markers of tissue hypoxia

Tissue hypoxia is a common end product of circulatory shock and a primary target for resuscitation efforts. In this issue Podbregar and Mozina show that thenar tissue O2 saturation (StO2) and mixed venous O2 saturation (SvO2) co-vary in patients in left ventricular failure, but in patients with sepsis StO2 was higher than SvO2. Although StO2 may co-vary with SvO2 they have different determinants such that after shock StO2 may increase well before SvO2 as a result of increased O2 demands to repay O2 debt incurred during hypoperfusion. Thus, the use of StO2 alone to define the endpoint of resuscitation may be misleading

Estudio de la etapa de mezclado en el desarrollo de los bioplásticos a base de proteína de guisante

El desarrollo de bioplásticos podría ayudar a combatir el problema medioambiental derivado del uso masivo de plásticos procedentes del petróleo, contribuyendo a la producción de materiales de mayor degradabilidad. Todos los bioplásticos objeto de estudio del presente trabajo poseen una relación proteína/plastificante igual a 60/40. Los bioplásticos se obtuvieron en un proceso que consta de una primera etapa de mezclado, resultando una masa homogénea que fue sometida posteriormente a una segunda etapa de moldeo por inyección. El adecuado control de estas etapas es una parte fundamental en el proceso de elaboración de bioplásticos, por lo que el objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido explorar la influencia de la velocidad de mezclado sobre las masas y los bioplásticos resultantes. Para ello, se realizó una caracterización de los mismos mediante el estudio de su capacidad de absorción de agua, ensayos mecánicos de tracción, y ensayos reológicos en modo dinámico. Entre los resultados obtenidos, puede destacarse que a bajas velocidades de mezclado resultan masas heterogéneas con variabilidad en sus propiedades.The development of bioplastics could avoid the environmental problem derived from the huge use of petroleum-based plastics and contribute to the production of more degradable materials. In this study, bioplastics have a protein/plasticizer ratio of 60/40 from pea protein and glycerol, respectively. They were manufactured in two stages. Firstly, a mixing stage, in which the resulting dough was use in the second stage, an injection molding. The control of these stages is a fundamental part in the process. The main objective of this work is to explore the influence of the speed of mixing on the dough and bioplastics. The characterization of bioplastics was performed by means of water absorption capacity and rheological dynamic tests. Among the results, it can be highlighted that a heterogeneous dough with variability in their properties appears at low mixing speeds.Plan Propio de la Universidad de Sevilla Proyecto: 2017/00000962Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España) / FEDER, UE CTQ2015-71164

Traumatic Brain Injury in Honduras: The Use of a Paper‑based Surveillance System to Characterize Injuries Patterns

Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Violence is the leading cause of mortality in Honduras. However, the incidence and impact of TBI in this low-middle income country (LMIC) is unknown. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of TBI in Honduras, as captured by an injury surveillance tool in the country’s major referral center. Methods: We conducted a cross‑sectional review of all TBI‑related emergency department visits at the main referral hospital in Honduras from January to December 2013. We calculated descriptive statistics from Injury Surveillance System (InSS) data. Results: Of 17,971 total injuries seen in 2013, 20% were traumatic brain injuries (n=3,588). The main mechanisms of injury were falls (41.11%), road traffic (23.91%), blunt trauma (20.82%), penetrating knife injuries (5.85%), and firearm injuries (2.26%). Most TBI were classified as mild; 99.69% (Glasgow Coma Scale=15). Emergency room mortality was low (1.11%). The modified Kampala Trauma Score median was 8 (interquartile range 7-8). Conclusion: Mild TBI accounts for a significant percentage of all injuries presenting to a high-volume referral center in Honduras in 2013. Despite the high incidence of violence in this country, most TBI were accidental, secondary to road traffic accidents and falls. There is required further research with more recent data as well as with prospective data collection methods

Editorial

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Research Grant Proposal Writing Course for Students in Higher Institutions

Research grant proposals have become part of the everyday life of every scientist working in the field of life sciences. Although most early career researchers begin working on research grant proposals during their doctorate, laying the foundation of this complicated task should occur during their undergraduate training. This editorial serves as an introduction into research grant proposal writing for students enrolled in higher education and tackles subjects such as choosing a research topic and writing a successful grant application, as well as possible challenges and funding opportunities that we considered appropriate for students and early career researchers

Kesici-delici alet yaralanmalarında penetran kardiyak travma: Kardiyak bölgenin doğru tanısına ilişkin bir çalışma

BACKGROUND: Stab wounds (SW) to the thorax raises suspicion for cardiac injuries; however, the topographic description is variable. The present study aims to evaluate different topographical descriptions within the thorax and establish their diagnostic value in penetrating cardiac trauma by SW. METHODS: Medical records of all patients admitted to our center with thoracic SW from January 2013 to June 2016 were included in this study. Diagnostic value potential was measured using different areas of the thorax described in the literature. RESULTS: In this study, we analyzed 306 cases. Thirty-eight (12.4%) patients had a cardiac injury managed surgically. Death by cardiac injury occurred in seven (18.4%) patients. The cardiac area defined between the right mid-clavicle line until the left anterior axillary line, and between 2nd and 6th intercostal spaces was the more accurate. It has sensitivity of 97.3%, specificity 72%, positive predictive value 33%, negative predictive value 99.4% and accuracy 75.1% for penetrating cardiac trauma. ROC was 0.894 IC 95% (0.760–0.901). CONCLUSION: Among the thoracic areas, topographical limits between the right mid-clavicle line and the left anterior axillary line, and between 2nd and 6th intercostal spaces are the more accurate and are highly indicative of cardiac injury in patients with SW to the thorax

The Noise: A Silent Threat to the Recovery of Patients in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

The architectural configuration of the space plays a crucial role in the acoustics of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The design of the environment, the materials used in construction, and the organisation of noise sources within the room significantly influence the noise levels present in these critical areas. For this research, the noise levels found in two hospitals, with different architectural configurations and sizes but similar construction materials, have been analysed. Data were recorded at 1 s intervals over a period of more than 24 h. The data collected in these hospitals confirm the magnitude of the noise problem in NICUs, highlighting the urgent need to address it effectively to ensure an appropriate and safe environment for the recovery of neonates. Good architectural planning can help mitigate noise, while poor configuration can exacerbate acoustic problems, negatively affecting both patients and healthcare staff. It is crucial to involve architects, acoustic engineers, and healthcare staff in the design and renovation of NICUs to create spaces that not only meet medical needs but also consider the auditory well-being of neonates

Empowering Global Collaborative Research

The increasing prevalence of toxic research cultures poses a significant challenge for early-career researchers, driven by the pressure to publish and systemic issues in academia. This editorial explores strategies to mitigate these challenges through global collaborative research. Key recommendations include fostering standardized workshops on research ethics, ensuring equitable authorship practices, and leveraging virtual mentoring to support early-career researchers. The article highlights the benefits of international research collaborations, including talent exchange, resource sharing, and capacity building in low- and middle-income countries. Despite these opportunities, barriers such as inadequate infrastructure, time zone management, and accountability in virtual projects persist. The International Journal of Medical Students (IJMS) serves as a model for promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion, providing a global platform for student researchers. By embracing virtual conferences, exchange programs, and student-friendly organizations, the research community can advance health equity and innovation. This editorial calls for a collective effort to rethink traditional research mentoring and foster inclusive global partnerships

Thinking Globally in the Pursuit of Individual Identity: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the International Journal of Medical Students (IJMS)

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are core values that are unequivocally essential to healthcare research and practice. However, global health inequities remain pervasive and disruptive to the delivery of healthcare. This unacceptable lack of inclusivity and equity infiltrates all aspects of medicine, including research and publication. Accordingly, there is a dissemination of unbalanced and homogenous perspectives which are not representative of the global population. The International Journal of Medical Students (IJMS) has strived to counter such biases through the development of content and the process of its publication. Further, the selection of its editorial team and ambassadors is conducted with the intention of diversity. We respect individual differences and celebrate them as strengths adding to the quality of our journal. Therefore, the IJMS has taken a positive step toward an equitable environment by publishing a policy statement on DEI. We hope to lead by example by fostering a culture of inclusivity for all researchers, regardless of background. Though, we recognize the complexity of implementing comprehensive DEI practices and consider it our duty to the community that we continuously develop through a dedicated effort and iterative process