Adultos mayores: sus prioridades diferenciadas en áreas rurales y urbanas en una población mexicana

Aunque múltiples países en Latinoamérica han firmado la Convención Interamericana sobre la Protección de los Derechos Humanos de las Personas Mayores, aún falta mucho por hacer en esta población. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las necesidades actuales que expresan los adultos mayores tanto en el área urbana como rural en una población de México. Mediante la realización de 5 grupos focales (3 en el área urbana y 2 en la rural), junto con la asignación de prioridad de las necesidades identificadas mediante un cuestionario auto-aplicable y anónimo, se identificó que, la necesidad considerada en primer lugar fue la atención en salud, seguido de adecuaciones en la vivienda propias para adultos mayores en todo el grupo. Las necesidades de cultura/diversión y apoyo administrativo, aunque no alcanzaron diferencia significativa en la priorización, la primera presentó tendencia a ser más prioritaria para el área urbana y la segunda para la rural.  El ejercicio, capacitación/desarrollo y apoyo legal se identificaron con mayor prioridad en el área rural que en la urbana. La necesidad de vestido se identificó en los últimos lugares de prioridad sin diferencia de selección entre los grupos

Auto-percepción del Uso Problemático del Teléfono Móvil en Estudiantes Universitarios de Acuerdo a su Sexo

To evaluate the self-perception of problematic mobile use by sex in university students, we applied the Mobile-Related Experiences Questionnaire [CERM (by its acronym in Spanish)]. Women used it more time and showed higher total CERM-score than men. In the group with mobile use ≥8 h/day and CERM-score ≥16, the highest proportion of women was identified compared with the group of mobile use <8 h/day and CERM-score ≥ 16 and the group with CERM-score <16 regardless time of mobile use, respectively. While in the last group, the use of mobile phones was the highest to take academic notes (11.21% vs. 1.20% and 1.60%; Chi-square= 14.89, p= .001) and the lowest to access to social networks (40.18% vs. 62.65% and 55.20%; Chi-square= 11.29, p= .004) compared with those with mobile use ≥8 h/day and CERM-score ≥16 and the group with mobile use <8 h/day and CERM-score ≥ 16.Para evaluar la auto-percepción del uso problemático del móvil por sexo en estudiantes universitarios, aplicamos el Cuestionario de Experiencias-Relacionadas con el Móvil [CERM (por su acrónimo en español)]. Las mujeres lo utilizaron más tiempo y tuvieron mayor puntuación-CERM que los hombres. En el grupo con uso ≥8 h/día y CERM ≥16, se identificó la mayor proporción de mujeres en comparación con el grupo de uso <8 h/día y CERM ≥ 16 y el grupo con CERM <16 independientemente del tiempo de uso, respectivamente. En este último grupo, el uso fue el más alto para tomar notas (11.21% vs. 1.20% y 1.60%; Chi-cuadrada = 14.89, p = .001) y el más bajo para acceder a redes sociales (40.18% vs. 62.65% y 55.20%; Chi-cuadrada = 11.29, p = .004) comparado con los de uso ≥8 h/día y CERM ≥16 y el grupo con uso <8 h/día y CERM ≥ 16

Long-Term Consequences for Offspring of Paternal Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Background. Recent studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. However, few have focused how diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome together in parents can influence on obesity and metabolic disturbances in offspring. Objective. To know the risk obesity and metabolic disturbance in children, adolescents, and young adults whose parents have diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Methods. A comparative survey was made in healthy children of parents with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome compared with offspring of healthy parents. We performed anthropometry and evaluated blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels in plasma. We registered parent antecedents to diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome and investigated the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and metabolic disturbances in offspring. Results. We studied 259 subjects of 7 to 20 years of age. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27% and 37%, respectively. The highest proportion of BMI >95th of the entire group was found in offspring with both diabetic parents. Glucose and total cholesterol levels were lower in the group with healthy parents compared with the group with diabetic mother and metabolic syndrome but with healthy father. HDL cholesterol was higher in the group with both healthy parents than in the group with diabetic mother and metabolic syndrome but healthy father. Conclusions. The offspring of parents with diabetes plus metabolic syndrome showed higher proportion of variables related to metabolic syndrome compared with healthy parents

Sleep disturbances, mobile use and metabolic syndrome in college students

Adolescents and young university students tend to sleep less than adults and children and this could be related to new lifestyles such as greater use of electronic devices and produce greater health risks.Los adolescentes y los jóvenes universitarios suelen dormir menos que los adultos y los niños y esto pudiera relacionarse con nuevos estilos de vida como mayor uso de dispositivos electrónicos y generar mayores riesgos a la salud

Desempeño laboral de acuerdo al estado de salud del trabajador y el uso del móvil en organizaciones laborales

Multiple factors of workers such as their health influence their work performance. Mobile communication has been intertwined with daily routines and its use has expanded. The objective of this study was to identify the association of perceived performance adjusted to worker health with mobile use. Method The Work Role Functioning Questionnaire and the Mobile Related Experiences Questionnaire (CERM) were applied to 114 workers in the footwear and services industry. They also recorded their main pathologies, general characteristics, seniority at work, number of hours worked/week and their opinion regarding the use of mobile phones at work. We performed the Pearson test to evaluate the association between variables considering the normal distribution of data. The dependent variable was the work performance perceived and adjusted to the health status of the worker, as independent variables were considered the age, seniority at work and hours worked per week. Comparisons were made according to whether they were professional or non-professional employees. For the comparison of continuous variables between the groups, we performed unpaired Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test according to the data distribution and chi square for comparison of proportions. A p <0.05 value is considered significant. Results 70 (61.4%) reported that it is necessary to use the mobile phone in the workplace primarily for communication with staff of the work team, information required at work and as a tool to locate formats, suppliers, etc. In the total group of workers, the mobile use conflict factor showed a negative correlation with the output demands (r=-0.243; p= 0.01), mental (r=-0.267; p= 0.005), physical (r=-0.204; p= 0.03) and the total score of work performance (r=-0.219; p= 0.02). The use of communication was negatively correlated with social demands (r=-0.197; p= 0.03). The total CERM score showed negative association with the total score of the work performance (r=-0.197; p= 0.03) and all its factors except physical demands (r=-0.162; p= 0.08). In women, lower BMI, number of hours worked per week, number of children, couple's years and social demands were identified. Conclusion Excessive use of mobile phones is inversely associated with perceived work performance in footwear and service workers.Múltiples factores del trabajador como su salud influyen en su desempeño laboral. La comunicación móvil se ha entrelazado con las rutinas diarias y su uso se ha expandido. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la asociación del desempeño percibido ajustado a la salud del trabajador con el uso del móvil. Método En 114 trabajadores de la industria del calzado y de servicios, se aplicaron el Work Role Functioning Questionnaire y el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con el Móvil (CERM). También se registraron sus principales patologías, características generales, antigüedad en el trabajo, número de horas laboradas/semana y su opinión respecto al uso del móvil en el trabajo. Efectuamos prueba de Pearson para evaluar la asociación entre variables ya que mostraron distribución normal. La variable dependiente fue el desempeño laboral percibido y ajustado al estado de salud del trabajador y como variables independientes se consideraron la edad, la antigüedad en el trabajo y las horas laboradas a la semana. Se realizaron comparaciones de acuerdo a ser empleados profesionales o no profesionales. Para la comparación de variables continuas entre los grupos efectuamos prueba t de Student no pareada o U de Mann-Whitney de acuerdo a la distribución de los datos y chi cuadrada para comparación de proporciones. Un valor de p<0.05 se considera significativo. Resultados Del grupo total de trabajadores, 70 (61.4%) reportó que es necesario el uso del móvil en al ámbito laboral principalmente para comunicación con personal del equipo de trabajo, información requerida en el trabajo y como herramienta para localizar formatos, proveedores etc. El factor conflictos del uso del móvil mostró correlación negativa con las demandas de producción (r=-0.243; p= 0.01), las mentales (r=-0.267; p= 0.005), físicas (r=-0.204; p= 0.03) y la puntuación total del desempeño laboral (r=-0.219; p= 0.02). El factor uso comunicacional correlacionó de forma negativa con las demandas sociales (r=-0.197; p= 0.03). La puntuación total de CERM mostró asociación negativa con la puntuación total del desempeño laboral (r=-0.197; p= 0.03) y todos sus factores exceptuando las demandas físicas (r=-0.162; p= 0.08). En las mujeres se identificó menor IMC, número de horas laboradas por semana, número de hijos, años de pareja y demandas sociales. Conclusión El uso excesivo del móvil se asocia de forma inversa al desempeño laboral percibido en trabajadores del calzado y de servicios

Correlation between interleukin-1β and matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels in crevicular fluid with a proposed periodontal disease index in children

Background: The crevicular fluid contains biomarkers that allow the identification of periodontal disease, anticipation of its risk, and prediction of its progression. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to correlate interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) levels in crevicular fluid with periodontal disease severity in schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 82 schoolchildren between 9 and 12 years. The biofilm percentage, attachment level, gingival recession, dental calculus, and bleeding on probing were measured in the teeth 16, 26, 36, 41, and 46. These five parameters obtained were considered to propose a disease score between 0 and 10 points. In crevicular fluid from the tooth with the highest score, IL-1β and MMP-1 levels were measured. Results: According to the proposed score, mild gingivitis was identified in 20 schoolchildren, moderate gingivitis in 30, and severe gingivitis in 32. Biofilm percentage, IL-1β, and MMP-1 levels increased as the severity of the disease increase. The mean and 95% confidence interval were 23.2 pg/μl (18.6–27.7), 37.3 pg/μl (27.8–46.9), and 44.6 pg/μl (34.4–58.8) (P = 0.01) for IL-1β and 2.69 mol/min (2.51–2.87), 4.43 mol/min (3.9–4.95), and 5.59 mol/min (4.81–6.38) (P < 0.001) for MMP-1 in each group, respectively. The proposed clinical score correlated with biofilm percentage (r = 0.63), IL-1β (r = 0.50), and MMP-1 (0.45) levels, P < 0.001 in all cases. Conclusions: The proposed clinical score for periodontal disease in children correlated with percentage of biofilm, IL-1β, and MMP-1 levels

Determinantes del cuidado de la salud oral relacionados con la frecuencia y severidad de la caries dental en preescolares

Dental caries in children is a public health problem of multifactorial origin. Oral hygiene habits are acquired in the first years of life, so the responsible caregiver plays an important role. Objective: To identify the determinants of the responsible caregiver and its relationship with the oral and dental health of the preschool children. Material and methods: We carried out a comparative cross-sectional study in 292 preschool children between 3 and 6 years old, including their respective responsible caregiver in areas of medium and low socioeconomic level in León, Mexico. A questionnaire was applied to those responsible caregivers to identify their educational, socioeconomic level, level of knowledge about oral health care, attitudes, self-efficacy, skills, psychometric characteristics and the cariogenicity category of the preschool diet. The biofilm and CPOD index were measured to the responsible caregivers. To the children, the ceo and ICDAS indexes, biofilm, and the risk level for caries were evaluated. Results: In 87% of the binomials, the responsible caregiver was the mother, with an average age of 31 years and high school education level as the most frequent in 33%. In preschool children the ceo index showed the median of 14 [interquartile range (RIC) 8 and 20]. The ICDAS index showed a median of 3 (RIC 2 and 4). The average overall biofilm was 89% ± 19, mainly due to medium mature plaque in 29% of cases. In 146 (50%), the consumption of cariogenic diet was identified. The factors related to the frequency of caries in preschool children were negatively the age of the responsible caregiver, their attitude, knowledge, self-efficacy and consumption of a cariogenic diet (R2 = 0.13, p <0.0001 for the model). For the intensity of caries, the factors related negatively were the education level of the responsible caregiver, self-efficacy and the granting of a cariogenic diet, as well as the higher age of the preschool children (R2 = 0.075, p = 0.0005 for the model).La caries dental en niños es un problema de salud pública de origen multifactorial. Los hábitos de higiene bucal se adquieren en los primeros años de la vida por lo que el responsable de su cuidado juega un papel relevante. Objetivo: Identificar los determinantes del responsable en el cuidado del niño y su relación con la salud oral y dental del preescolar. Material y métodos: Efectuamos un estudio transversal comparativo en el que se incluyeron 292 niños y niñas preescolares de entre 3 y 6 años y su respectivo responsable en áreas de nivel socioeconómico medio y bajo en León, México. A los responsables de los preescolares, se les aplicó un cuestionario para identificar el nivel educativo, socioeconómico, nivel de conocimientos sobre el cuidado de la salud bucal, actitudes, autoeficacia, habilidades, características psicométricas y la categoría de cariogenicidad de la dieta del preescolar. Al responsable se le midió el biofilm e índice CPOD y a los niños los índices ceo e ICDAS, biofilm y el nivel de riesgo para caries. Resultados: En 87% de los binomios, el responsable fue la madre, con edad promedio de 31 años y nivel de escolaridad más frecuente educación media en 33%. En los preescolares el índice ceo mostró la mediana de 14 [Rango intercuartil (RIC) 8 y 20]. El índice ICDAS mostró una mediana de 3 (RIC 2 y 4). El promedio de biofilm general fue 89% ± 19, principalmente por placa madura mediana en 29% de los casos. En 146 (50%) se identificó el consumo de dieta cariogénica. Los factores relacionados con la frecuencia de las caries en los preescolares fueron de forma negativa la edad del responsable, su actitud, los conocimientos, la autoeficacia y el consumo de una dieta cariogénica (R2= 0.13; p<0.0001 para el modelo). Para la intensidad de la caries los factores relacionados de forma negativa fueron la escolaridad del responsable, la autoeficacia y el otorgar una dieta cariogénica, así como la mayor edad del preescolar (R2= 0.075; p=0.0005 para el modelo). Conclusión: Los modelos de prevención adecuados para la caries de la infancia temprana, deben considerar en el responsable además de la transmisión de conocimientos, incrementar la actitud y generar autoeficacia en las acciones para el cuidado de la salud en etapas tempranas del niño

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block versus Lidocaine Spray to Improve Tolerance in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Aim of the Study. To compare the effect of glossopharyngeal nerve block with topical anesthesia on the tolerance of patients to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods. We performed a clinical trial in one hundred patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following two groups: (1) treatment with bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve block (GFNB) and intravenous midazolam or (2) treatment with topical anesthetic (TASS) and intravenous midazolam. We evaluated sedation, tolerance to the procedure, hemodynamic stability, and adverse symptoms. Results. We studied 46 men and 54 women, from 17 to 78 years of age. The procedure was reported without discomfort in 48 patients (88%) in the GFNB group and 32 (64%) in the TAAS group; 6 patients (12%) in GFNB group and 18 (36%) in TAAS group reported the procedure as little discomfort (χ2=3.95, P=0.04). There was no difference in frequency of nausea (4% in both groups) and retching, 4% versus 8% for GFNB and TASS group, respectively (P=0.55). Conclusions. The use of glossopharyngeal nerve block provides greater comfort and tolerance to the patient undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. It also reduces the need for sedation