Successive fermentation of aguamiel and molasses by Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to obtain high purity fructooligosaccharides

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are usually synthesized with pure enzymes using highly concentrated sucrose solutions. In this work, low-cost aguamiel and molasses were explored as sucrose alternatives to produce FOS, via whole-cell fermentation, with an Aspergillus oryzae DIA-MF strain. FOS production process was optimized through a central composite experimental design, with two independent variables: initial sucrose concentration in a medium composed of aguamiel and molasses (AgMe), and inoculum concentration. The optimized process—165 g/L initial sucrose in AgMe (adjusted with concentrated molasses) and 1 × 107 spores/mL inoculum concentration—resulted in an FOS production of 119 ± 12 g/L and a yield of 0.64 ± 0.05 g FOS/g GFi. Among the FOSs produced were kestose, nystose, 1-fructofuranosyl-nystose, and potentially a novel trisaccharide produced by this strain. To reduce the content of mono- and disaccharides in the mixture, run a successive fermentation was run with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Fermentations run with S. cerevisiae S227 improved FOS purity in the mixture from 39 ± 3% to 61.0 ± 0.6% (w/w) after 16 h of fermentation. This study showed that agro-industrial wastes such as molasses with aguamiel are excellent alternatives as substrate sources for the production of prebiotic FOS, resulting in a lower-cost process.Orlando de la Rosa acknowledges the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT-Mexico) for the financial support given through the PBM (Program Becas Mixtas) (CVU 860996) and the APC was funded by Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (Mexico). The study was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and the Project ColOsH PTDC/BTM-SAL/30071/2017 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030071).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Predicting the current distribution of the chacoan peccary (catagonus wagneri) in the gran Chaco

The Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri), or Tagua, an endemic species living in the Chaco eco¬region, is endangered by highly increasing deforestation rates across the region, particularly in the last decade. This situation highlights the need to better understand the current distribution of the species, as well as how environmental conditions affect habitat suitability. This study predicts the distribution of the Chacoan peccary and evaluates the current environmental conditions in the Chaco for this species. Using six environmental variables and 177 confirmed occurrence records (from 2000 to 2015) provided by researchers, we developed a Species Distribution Model (SDM) applying the Maxent algorithm. The final model was highly accurate and significant (p < 0.001; AUC 0.860 ± 0.0268; omission error 1.82 %; post¬hoc validation of omission error using independent presence¬only records 1.33 %), predicting that 46.24 % of the Chaco is suitable habitat for the Chacoan peccary, with the most important areas concentrated in the middle of Paraguay and northern Argentina. Land cover, isothermality and elevation were the variables that better explained the habitat suitability for the Chacoan peccary. Despite some portions of suitable areas occurring inside protected areas, the borders and the central portions of suitable areas have recently suffered from intensive deforestation and development, and most of the highly suitable areas for the species are not under protection. The results provide fundamental insights for the establishment of priority Chacoan peccary conservation areas within its rangeFil: Paschoaletto Micchi, Katia Maria. Universidade Do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Esalq; Brasil. Conservation Breeding Specialist Group Brazilian network; BrasilFil: Silva Angelieri, Cintia Camila. Universidade Do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Esalq; BrasilFil: Altrichter, Mariana. Prescott College; Estados UnidosFil: Desbiez, Arnaud. Royal Zoological Society of Scotland. Edimburgo; Reino Unido. Conservation Breeding Specialist Group Brazilian network; BrasilFil: Yanosky, Alberto. Asociación Guyra Paraguay. Asunción; ParaguayFil: Campos Krauer, Juan Manuel. Centro Chaqueño para la Conservación y la Investigación; ParaguayFil: Torres, Ricardo Jose. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Camino, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Cabral, Hugo. Asociación Guyra Paraguay. Asunción; ParaguayFil: Cartés, José. Asociación Guyra Paraguay. Asunción; ParaguayFil: Cuellar, Rosa Leny. Fundación Kaa Iya; BoliviaFil: Gallegos, Marcelo. Secretaría de Ambiente de la Provincia de Salta. Programa Guardaparques; ArgentinaFil: Giordano, Anthony J.. No especifica;Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Maffei, Leonardo. Wildlife Conservation Society. Lima; PerúFil: Neris, Nora. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Saldivar Bellassai, Silvia. Itaipu Binacional; ParaguayFil: Wallace, Robert. Wildlife Conservation Society. New York; Estados UnidosFil: Lizarraga, Leónidas. Delegación Regional Noroeste. Sistema de Información de Biodiversidad de la Administración de Parques Nacionales. Salta; ArgentinaFil: Thompson, Jeffrey. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Velilla, Mariela. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; Paragua

Reproductive management strategies to reduce postpartum anestrus in dual-purpose cattle

Objective: Share technical aspects and recommendations to improve the reproductive and productive efficiency of dual-purpose cattle. Design/methodology/approach: A review of scientific publications was carried out to show the importance of some factors that limit reproduction, as well as management strategies to increase the reproductive potential in dual-purpose cows. Results: Strategic supplementation and selection of females with greater weight gain at weaning and at one year of age reduces the age at puberty. The duration of postpartum anestrus is reduced by weaning calves at a few days or weeks of age, restricting suckling to short periods of the day, delaying suckling, and exposing cows to a bull a few days after postpartum. On average, the combined effect of delayed suckling and exposure of cows to a bull reduces postpartum anestrus to less than 50 d and the calving-conception interval to 84 days. Milk production and calf weight gain also are improved without affecting postpartum weight changes in cows. Study limitations/implications: Extensive management of dual-purpose cattle reduces the intensive use of some reproductive biotechnologies commonly applied in other animal production systems. Findings/conclusions: Improvement in the reproductive efficiency of dual-purpose cattle can be achieved by reducing the age at puberty and postpartum anestrus by using reproductive management strategies and minor modifications to common management practices.Objective: To share technical aspects and recommendations to improve the reproductive and productive efficiency of dual-purpose cattle. Design/Methodology/Approach: A review of scientific articles published in journals was carried out to show the importance of some factors that limit reproduction, as well as to identify management strategies to increase the reproductive potential in dual-purpose cows. Results: The duration of postpartum anestrus is reduced by weaning calves at a few days or weeks of age, restricting suckling to short periods of the day, delaying suckling, and exposing cows to a bull during postpartum. On average, the combined effect of delayed suckling and exposure of cows to a bull reduces postpartum anestrus to less than 50 d and the calving-conception interval to 84 days. Milk production and calf weight gain also are improved without affecting postpartum weight changes in cows. Study Limitations/Implications: Extensive management of dual-purpose cattle reduces the intensive use of some reproductive biotechnologies commonly applied in other animal production systems. Findings/Conclusions: Improvement in the reproductive efficiency of dual-purpose cattle can be achieved by reducing the postpartum anestrus by using reproductive management strategies and minor modifications to common management practices

Parámetros de estabilidad en híbridos de girasol con alto contenido de oléico/Stability parameters in sunower hybrids with high oleic content

Se evaluaron híbridos de girasol que tienen aceite con alto contenido de ácido oléico, los cuales fueron Olisun 1, Olisun 2, Sabritas 1, Híbrido 1, Híbrido 2 e Híbrido 3, en los ambientes de Venecia, Durango, Durango, Durango en el ciclo Primavera-Verano 2010; y Venecia, Durango, en el ciclo Primavera-Verano 2011, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. El análisis de parámetros de estabilidad, reveló diferencias signicativas (p < 0.05) entre híbridos para el contenido de ácido oléico. Para rendimiento de grano el híbrido 1 fue superior (p < 0.05) a los otros híbridos evaluados. El modelo de Eberhart y Russell para las variables ácido oléico y rendimiento clasicó a los híbridos como estables, con excepción del híbrido Sabritas 1 que tuvo desviación de la regresión signicativa que lo clasicó como inconsistente. Con base en el contenido de ácido oléico, rendimiento de grano y estabilidad, los mejores híbridos fueron Híbrido 3 y Sabritas 1

Erratum: Author Correction: Identification of genes required for eye development by high-throughput screening of mouse knockouts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0226-0.]

Partitioning the effects of habitat loss hunting and climate change on the endangered Chacoan peccary

Aim: Land-use change and overexploitation are major threats to biodiversity, and cli mate change will exert additional pressure in the 21st century. Although there are strong interactions between these threats, our understanding of the synergistic and compensatory effects on threatened species' range geography remains limited. Our aim was to disentangle the impact of habitat loss, hunting and climate change on spe cies, using the example of the endangered Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Location: Gran Chaco ecoregion in South America. Methods: Using a large occurrence database, we integrated a time-calibrated species distribution model with a hunting pressure model to reconstruct changes in the distri bution of suitable peccary habitat between 1985 and 2015. We then used partitioning analysis to attribute the relative contribution of habitat change to land-use conver sion, climate change and varying hunting pressure. Results: Our results reveal widespread habitat deterioration, with only 11% of the habitat found in 2015 considered suitable and safe. Hunting pressure was the strong est single threat, yet most habitat deterioration (58%) was due to the combined, rather than individual, effects of the three drivers we assessed. Climate change would have led to a compensatory effect, increasing suitable habitat area, yet this effect was ne gated by the strongly negative and interacting threats of land-use change and hunting. Main Conclusions: Our study reveals the central role of overexploitation, which is often neglected in biogeographic assessments, and suggests that addressing overex ploitation has huge potential for increasing species' adaptive capacity in the face of climate and land-use change. More generally, we highlight the importance of jointly assessing extinction drivers to understand how species might fare in the 21st century. Here, we provide a simple and transferable framework to determine the separate and joint effects of three main drivers of biodiversity loss.Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal ; Argentina.Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University Berlin. Integrative Research Institute for Transformations in Human Environment Systems. Geography Department; AlemaniaFil: Baumann, Matthias. Humboldt-University. Geography Department; Alemania.Fil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania. University of British Columbia. Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES); Canada. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Department Computational Landscape Ecology; Alemania. Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys). Integrative Research Institute; AlemaniaFil: Altrichter, Mariana. IUCN SSC Peccary Specialist Group; Suiza. Prescott College. Environmental Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Boaglio, Gabriel Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Cabral, Hugo. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal; Brasil. Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay; ParaguayFil: Camino, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Ecología del Litoral. Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación; ArgentinaFil: Campos Kraver, Juan M. University of Florida. College of Veterinary Medicine & Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation. Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Giordano, Anthony. Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study (S.P.E.C.I.E.S); Estados Unidos. University of Los Angeles. Institute of the Environment and Sustainability. Center for Tropical Research; Estados UnidosFil: Cartes, José L. Guyra Paraguay, Parque del Río; ParaguayFil: Cuéllar, Rosa L. Fundación para la Conservación del Bosque Chiquitano; BoliviaFil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Gallegos, Marcelo. Provincia de Salta. Secretaría de Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Lizárraga, Leónidas. Administración De Parques Nacionales. Dirección Regional Noroeste. Salta; Argentina.Fil: Maffei, Leonardo. Biósfera Consultores Ambientales, Lima, Perú.Fil: Neris, Nora N. Secretaria del Ambiente; ParaguayFil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET), Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Saldivar, Silvia. ITAIPU Binacional. Dirección de Coordinación. División de Áreas Protegidas; ParaguayFil: Tamburini, Daniela Maria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables; Argentin