Fluorescence graphs of cancellous bones in proximal femurs.

<p>Arrows show the areas where the mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate were measured. VL1R: Vibrational loading for 1 d followed by 1 d rest group; VL3R: Vibrational loading for 3 d followed by 3 d rest group; VL5R: Vibrational loading for 5 d followed by 5 d rest group; VL7R: Vibrational loading for 7 d followed by 7 d rest group; VLNR: Vibrational loading for no rest day or vibrational loading every day; SPD: Tail suspension group; BCL: Baseline control group.</p

Chemical composition of trabecular bone in femoral head (ICP-OES).

<p>n = 7 values per group. Values are shown as the median±SE. ICP-OES - inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.</p

<i>E</i>, <i>H</i>, and <i>E/H</i> ratio of the trabecular and cortical bone sites as determined by nanoindentation.

<p>n = 7 values per group. Sample thickness is 2 mm. Values are shown as the median±SE. Tb.T - transverse trabecular bone; Tb.L - longitudinal trabecular bone; Ct.L - longitudinal cortical bone; <i>E</i> - elastic modulus; <i>H</i> - hardness; <i>E/H</i> - ratio of elastic modulus and hardness.</p

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (Mag = 500X), AFM topographic images (5 μm×5 μm) and phase images (5 μm×5 μm) of the trabecular bone in femoral head.

<p>Sample thickness is 2 mm. Column (S): scanning electron microscopy; Column (T): AFM topographic images; Column (P): AFM phase images. Row VL1R: vibrational loading for 1 d followed by 1 d rest group; Row VL3R: vibrational loading for 3 d followed by 3 d rest group; Row VL5R: vibrational loading for 5 d followed by 5 d rest group; Row VL7R: vibrational loading for 7 d followed by 7 d rest group; Row VLNR: vibrational loading for no rest day or vibrational loading every day; Row SPD: tail suspension group; Row BCL: baseline control group.</p

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (Mag = 500X), AFM topographic images (5 μm×5 μm) and phase images (5 μm×5 μm) of the trabecular bone in femoral head.

<p>Sample thickness is 2 mm. Column (S): scanning electron microscopy; Column (T): AFM topographic images; Column (P): AFM phase images. Row VL1R: vibrational loading for 1 d followed by 1 d rest group; Row VL3R: vibrational loading for 3 d followed by 3 d rest group; Row VL5R: vibrational loading for 5 d followed by 5 d rest group; Row VL7R: vibrational loading for 7 d followed by 7 d rest group; Row VLNR: vibrational loading for no rest day or vibrational loading every day; Row SPD: tail suspension group; Row BCL: baseline control group.</p

3D reconstruction of micro-CT images of trabecular bone in femoral heads.

<p>VL1R: vibrational loading for 1 d followed by 1 d rest group; VL3R: vibrational loading for 3 d followed by 3 d rest group; VL5R: vibrational loading for 5 d followed by 5 d rest group; VL7R: vibrational loading for 7 d followed by 7 d rest group; VLNR: vibrational loading for no rest day or vibrational loading every day; SPD: tail suspension group; BCL: baseline control group.</p

Indentation sites for nanoindentation test.

<p>Sample thickness is 2(A) Actual indented sites marked by red cross under optical microscopy; (B) Sketch map of indented areas marked by red circle.</p

Mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate.

<p>*Statistically different from BCL (P<0.05). **Statistically different from SPD (P<0.05). ^#Statistically different from VLNR (P<0.05). ^·Statistically different from VL7R (P<0.05). ^··Statistically different from VL5R (P<0.05). ^‡Statistically different from VL3R (P<0.05).</p

Temporal schematic of experiment and equipment for vibrational loading.

<p>(A) The temporal schematic; (B) The equipment for vibrational loading, which was assembled manually with a vibrational platform and a controller.</p

Microarchitecture parameters evaluated by micro-CT scanning.

<p>n = 7 values per group. Values are shown as the median±SE. BMD - bone mineral density; BV/TV - bone volume fraction; Tb.Th - trabecular thickness; Tb.N - trabecular number; Tb.Sp - trabecular separation.</p>a<p>Statistically different from SPD (P<0.05).</p>b<p>Statistically different from BCL (P<0.05).</p>c<p>Statistically different from VLNR (P<0.05).</p>d<p>Statistically different from VL7R (P<0.05).</p>e<p>Statistically different from VL5R (P<0.05).</p>f<p>Statistically different from VL3R (P<0.05).</p