2,491 research outputs found
Mining for Culture: Reaching Out of Range
The goal of this paper is to present a tool that will sustain the
development of culturally relevant computing artifacts by
providing an effective means of detecting culture identities and
cultures of participation. Culturally relevant designs rely heavily
on how culture impacts design and though the guidelines for
producing culturally relevant objects provide a mechanism for
incorporating culture in the design, there still requires an effective
method for garnering and identifying said cultures that reflects a
holistic view of the target audience. This tool presents culturally
relevant designs as a process of communicating with key
audiences and thus bridging people and technology in a way that
once seemed out of range
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Arizona’s Rising STEM Occupational Demands and Declining Participation in the Scientific Workforce: An Examination of Attitudes among African Americans toward STEM College Majors and Careers
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2008), science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) occupations constitute a growing sector of Arizona’s economy. However, the number of African Americans earning degrees related to these occupations has not kept pace with this growth. Increasing the participation of African Americans in STEM education fields and subsequent related occupations in Arizona is vital to growing and maintaining the state’s economic stature. This objective is made even more compelling given that each year, from 2008– 2018, there are 3,671 projected job openings in STEM fields in Arizona. This study explores the extent to which the attitudes held by African Americans in Arizona toward STEM related majors and careers influence their likelihood of joining the state’s scientific workforce. Our analyses reveal the importance of career consideration, confidence in one’s ability to be successful in a STEM related field, and family support of the pursuit of STEM education and careers.Educatio
Consensus formation times in anisotropic societies
We developed a statistical mechanics model to study the emergence of a consensus in societies of adapting, interacting agents constrained by a social rule B. In the mean-field approximation, we find that if the agents' interaction H0 is weak, all agents adapt to the social rule B, with which they form a consensus; however, if the interaction is sufficiently strong, a consensus is built against the established status quo. We observed that, after a transient time αt, agents asymptotically approach complete consensus by following a path whereby they neglect their neighbors' opinions on socially neutral issues (i.e., issues for which the society as a whole has no opinion). αt is found to be finite for most values of the interagent interaction H0 and temperature T, with the exception of the values H0=1, T→, and the region determined by the inequalities β<2 and 2βH0<1+β-1+2β-β2, for which consensus, with respect to B, is never reached
Human-Elaboration-Object-Construal Contingency Framework for Mobile Decision-Aids (MoDA©) in In-Store Shopping
Mobile migration is under way with online retail shifting to mobile and in-store shoppers increasingly using their smart phones for decision-making. However, the use of mobile devices to acquire product information in-store often results in information overload and decision abandonment, leading to a retailer\u27s lost opportunity for in-store conversion. Hence, there is a critical need to enhance consumers\u27 abilities to make decisions in-stores, when they lack information, time and cognitive resources. To address this need, we propose a conceptual framework for designing conversational, mobile decision-aids (MoDA), mobile-app based intelligent systems, for in-store shopping, grounded in principles of user- and object-adaptive, intelligent information retrieval and decision strategy
A New Spectroscopic and Photometric Analysis of the Transiting Planet Systems TrES-3 and TrES-4
We report new spectroscopic and photometric observations of the parent stars of the recently discovered transiting planets TrES-3 and TrES-4. A detailed abundance analysis based on high-resolution spectra yields [Fe/H] = –0.19 ± 0.08, T_(eff) = 5650 ± 75 K, and log g = 4.4 ± 0.1 for TrES-3, and [Fe/H] = +0.14 ± 0.09, T_(eff) = 6200 ± 75 K, and log g = 4.0 ± 0.1 for TrES-4. The accuracy of the effective temperatures is supported by a number of independent consistency checks. The spectroscopic orbital solution for TrES-3 is improved with our new radial velocity measurements of that system, as are the light-curve parameters for both systems based on newly acquired photometry for TrES-3 and a reanalysis of existing photometry for TrES-4. We have redetermined the stellar parameters taking advantage of the strong constraint provided by the light curves in the form of the normalized separation a/R_* (related to the stellar density) in conjunction with our new temperatures and metallicities. The masses and radii we derive are M_* = 0.928^(+0.028)_(–0.048) M_⊙, R_* = 0.829^(+0.015)_(–0.022) R_⊙, and M_* = 1.404^(+0.066)_(–0.134) M_⊙, R_* = 1.846^(+0.096)_(–0.087) R_⊙ for TrES-3 and TrES-4, respectively. With these revised stellar parameters, we obtain improved values for the planetary masses and radii. We find M_p = 1.910^(+0.075)_(–0.080) M_(Jup), R_p = 1.336^(+0.031)_(–0.036) R_(Jup) for TrES-3, and M_p = 0.925 ± 0.082 M_(Jup), R_p = 1.783^(+0.093)_(–0.086) R_(Jup) for TrES-4. We confirm TrES-4 as the planet with the largest radius among the currently known transiting hot Jupiters
TrES-2: The First Transiting Planet in the Kepler Field
We announce the discovery of the second transiting hot Jupiter discovered by
the Trans-atlantic Exoplanet Survey. The planet, which we dub TrES-2, orbits
the nearby star GSC 03549-02811 every 2.47063 days. From high-resolution
spectra, we determine that the star has T_eff = 5960 +/- 100 K and log(g) = 4.4
+/- 0.2, implying a spectral type of G0V and a mass of 1.08 +0.11/-0.05 M_sun.
High-precision radial-velocity measurements confirm a sinusoidal variation with
the period and phase predicted by the photometry, and rule out the presence of
line-bisector variations that would indicate that the spectroscopic orbit is
spurious. We estimate a planetary mass of 1.28 +0.09/-0.04 M_Jup. We model B,
r, R, and I photometric timeseries of the 1.4%-deep transits and find a
planetary radius of 1.24 +0.09/-0.06 R_Jup. This planet lies within the field
of view of the NASA Kepler mission, ensuring that hundreds of upcoming transits
will be monitored with exquisite precision and permitting a host of
unprecedented investigations.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL. 15 pages, 2 figure
TrES-3: A Nearby, Massive, Transiting Hot Jupiter in a 31-Hour Orbit
We describe the discovery of a massive transiting hot Jupiter with a very
short orbital period (1.30619 d), which we name TrES-3. From spectroscopy of
the host star GSC 03089-00929, we measure T_eff = 5720 +- 150 K, logg=4.6 +-
0.3, and vsini < 2 km/s, and derive a stellar mass of 0.90 +- 0.15 M_sun. We
estimate a planetary mass of 1.92 +- 0.23 M_Jup, based on the sinusoidal
variation of our high-precision radial velocity measurements. This variation
has a period and phase consistent with our transit photometry. Our spectra show
no evidence of line bisector variations that would indicate a blended eclipsing
binary star. From detailed modeling of our B and z photometry of the 2.5%-deep
transits, we determine a stellar radius 0.802 +- 0.046 R_sun and a planetary
radius 1.295 +- 0.081 R_Jup. TrES-3 has one of the shortest orbital periods of
the known transiting exoplanets, facilitating studies of orbital decay and mass
loss due to evaporation, and making it an excellent target for future studies
of infrared emission and reflected starlight.Comment: v1. 14 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to ApJL 27 April 2007.
Accepted for publication in ApJL 14 May 200
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