Germination Improves the Polyphenolic Profile and Functional Value of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

This research was funded by the University of Granada through project PSE/17/002 of Plan Propio, as well as the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the European Union through projects RTC-2017-6540-1, and RTI-2018-100934-B-I00 and the FEDER program, respectively. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.The use of legumes as functional foods has gained increasing attention for the prevention and treatment of the so called non-communicable diseases that are highly prevalent worldwide. In this regard, biotechnological approaches for the enhancement of legumes’ nutritional and functional value have been extensively employed. In the present study, the process of germination increased several parameters of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) functionality, including extract yield, total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant capacity. In addition, 3-day-germinated mung bean proved to be an interesting source of dietary essential minerals and exhibited a greater variety of polyphenolic compounds compared to raw mung bean. These properties resulted in enhanced cytoprotective features of the 3-day mung bean extracts against radical oxygen species in human colorectal (HT29) and monocyte (U937) cell lines. Moreover, the antiproliferative effects were tested in different colon cancer cell lines, T84 and drug-resistant HCT-18, as well as in a non-tumor colon CCD-18 line. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the germination process improves the mung bean’s nutritional value and its potential as a functional food.University of Granada through Plan Propio PSE/17/002Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and UniversitiesEuropean Union (EU) RTC-2017-6540-1 RTI-2018-100934-B-I0

Investigación pedagógica en Bogotá : horizontes desde el programa Maestros y Maestras que Inspiran 2021

251 páginasPublicación resultado de la sistematización de experiencias de docentes participantes en el programa Maestros y Maestras que Inspiran, 2021. «Si quisiéramos mejorar la educación deberíamos mejorar la calidad de sus docentes […] Esto implica cultivar la curiosidad, la mirada crítica y buscarle significado al mundo que nos rodea, apreciando dónde está lo importante y siendo capaces de entender y describir por qué es importante. Los textos —de este compilado— dan cuenta de esas búsquedas y aquellos encuentros […] los autores nos dicen, de diferentes maneras, que la educación es la gran oportunidad, que una nueva escuela es necesaria y posible» Agustín Porre

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Tratamiento prolongado con interferón alfa2 combinante de la hepatitis crónica por virus B

Tesis doctoral original inédita leída en la Universidad de Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 20 de noviembre de 198

Abdomen y corazón. ¿El primer paso del síndrome cardiorrenal?

A pesar de los grandes avances en la cardiología en el siglo XX y XXI, la insuficiencia cardiaca sigue suponiendo la principal causa de hospitalización en las personas ancianas y presentando un pronóstico ominoso. Además, a pesar de los múltiples estudios sobre nuevas dianas farmacológicas, apenas hemos avanzado en el campo del tratamiento, tal vez porque aún existen lagunas en su fisiopatología. No debemos olvidar que la insuficiencia cardiaca es un compendio de signos y síntomas que engloban múltiples órganos y sistemas.  Mucho se está investigando sobre la relación entre riñón y corazón en forma de síndrome cardiorrenal.  Algo cada vez más en boga es el papel del abdomen en la disfunción orgánica de la insuficiencia cardiaca. En ese sentido, el sistema venoso contiene el 70% del volumen sanguíneo, siendo almacenado en su mayor parte dentro de las vísceras abdominales. Un aumento del tono simpático supone aumento intenso del retorno venoso tan importante como para  aumentar las presiones de llenado y justificar una descompensación cardiaca. La congestión sistémica determina un aumento en la presión intraabdominal que está correlacionada con la disfunción renal en la insuficiencia cardiaca avanzada. La hipoperfusión tisular intestinal supone microtraslocación bacteriana promoviendo el status proinflamatorio típico de este síndrome. La visión holística e integrada de la insuficiencia cardiaca puede suponer un avance tanto en la estratificación del riesgo como en las estrategias terapéuticas. Grandes pasos se están dando en este sentido con estudios sobre la ultrafiltración, paracentesis, diálisis peritoneal, suero hipertónico o fármacos adsorbentes del sodio

Effect of C-reactive protein on Fcγ receptor II in cultured bovine endothelial cells

A B S T R A C T The major CRP (C-reactive protein) receptor on leucocytes has been identified as the low-affinity IgG receptor Fcγ receptor II (CD32). Our aim was to assess whether inflammation may modify the presence of the CD32 receptor in BAEC (bovine aortic endothelial cells). Confocal microscopy experiments showed a weak expression of the CD32 receptor in control BAEC that was slightly increased by 10 µg/ml CRP. Incubation of BAEC with TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) did not modify the fluorescence signal of CD32. Addition of CRP to TNF-α-incubated BAEC enhanced the fluorescence signal of the CD32 receptors. The CD32 receptors showed a perinuclear cytoplasmic localization in BAEC. An alteration of the NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasorelaxation has been defined as endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with the presence of superoxide anion and with a reduction in the expression of the eNOS (endothelial NO synthase). A concentration of CRP similar to that detected in patients with cardiovascular risk (10 µg/ ml) failed to modify the generation of superoxide anion stimulated by TNF-α. Western blot experiments showed that TNF-α decreased the expression of the eNOS protein, which was partially protected by treatment with 10 µg/ml CRP. The protective effect of 10 µg/ml CRP on eNOS expression in TNF-α-incubated BAEC was prevented by an antibody against CD32 receptors. In conclusion, the present results suggest that, although CRP has been associated with inflammation, CRP may protect the expression of eNOS protein against pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α

Comparison of adherence as assessed by the Test of Adherence to Inhalers and Pharmacy Refill Records, in Asthma Patients. REFARMA study

Introducción Las guías recomiendan el uso combinado del Test de Adherencia a Inhaladores (TAI) y el «% de fármaco retirado con respecto al prescrito (PRR)» para determinar la adhesión terapéutica, pero la evidencia basada en estudios comparativos es limitada. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el nivel de adhesión mediante el TAI y PRR, así como el grado de correlación y concordancia entre ambos métodos. Métodos Estudio transversal multicéntrico, en el que se incluyeron los primeros 196 pacientes asmáticos adultos consecutivos, de los cuales 183 estaban en tratamiento de mantenimiento con glucocorticoides inhalados (GCI). Se definió «noadherencia» como un TAI < 50 o un PRR < 80% en los 12 meses previos. Resultados Se observó una correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre el TAI y el PRR (rho de Spearman = 0,185; p = 0,012). La prevalencia de noadherencia según el TAI fue del 73,22%; IC95% (66,54-79,91) y según el PRR fue del 57,92%; IC95% (50,50-65,35). Se obtuvo un índice kappa = 0,174 y un % de acuerdo global del 61,7%. De los 49 pacientes con máxima puntuación en el TAI (44,9%), 22 retiraron < 80% de los inhaladores. Por el contrario, 48 de los 134 pacientes que puntuaron ≤ 49 en el TAI (35,8%), retiraron ≥ 80% en farmacia. Conclusiones La adherencia sigue siendo subóptima con prevalencias de noadherencia mayores al 50%. Nuestros resultados sugieren, en consonancia con las recomendaciones de las guías, que el uso de ambos abordajes (TAI y PRR) incrementa la capacidad para identificar la baja adherencia terapéutica, comparada con la del TAI o el PRR por separado.Introduction Clinical guidelines recommend the combined use of "self-completed questionnaires such as the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI)" and the pharmacy refill rate (PRR) to determine adherence, but evidence based on comparative studies to support these recommendations is limited. Our objective was to determine adherence to inhalers in asthmatic patients, using the TAI and the PRR, as well as the correlation and concordance between both methods. Methods Multicentre cross-sectional study including the first 196 consecutive adult asthmatic patients, of whom 183 were on maintenance treatment with Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS). Nonadherence was defined as TAI < 50 or PRR < 80% in the previous 12 months. Results A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between TAI and PRR scores (Spearman's rho coefficient = 0.185; p = 0.012). Prevalence of nonadherence based on TAI was 73.22%; 95%CI (66.54-79.91) and 57.92%; 95%CI (50.50-65.35) based on PRR was. In terms of agreement, a Cohen's kappa index = 0.174 and an overall % agreement of 61.7% were obtained. Twenty-two of the 49 patients who scored 50 on TAI (44.9%) refilled < 80% of inhalers. In contrast, 48 of the 134 patients who scored ≤ 49 on TAI (35.8%) refilled ≥ 80% at the pharmacy. Conclusions Adherence remains suboptimal with prevalences of nonadherent patients > 50%. The concordance results supports, in line with guideline recommendations, that the use of both approaches (TAI and PRR) increases the ability to identify poor adherence compared to TAI or PRR alone.El estudio REFARMA ha sido financiado parcialmente por TEVA Respiratory (España) a través de la Asociación Cántabra de Investigación en Aparato Respiratorio (ACINAR). El patrocinador no tuvo ningún papel en el diseño de este estudio, ni en los análisis, la interpretación de los datos o la decisión de presentar los resultados

Aerobic interval exercise improves renal functionality and affects mineral metabolism in obese Zucker rats.

Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and renal injury are considered risk factors for type 2 diabetes, as well as kidney disease. Functional and structural changes in the kidney as consequence of obesity and metabolic syndrome may lead to impaired mineral metabolism in what is known as chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. Lifestyle interventions such as physical activity are good strategies to manage these pathologies and therefore, prevent the loss of kidney functionality and related complications in mineral metabolism. In this study, we have used 40 male Zucker rats that were randomly allocated into four different experimental groups, two of them (an obese and a lean one) performed an aerobic interval training protocol, and the other two groups were sedentary. At the end of the experimental period (8 wk), urine, plasma, and femur were collected for biochemical and mineral composition analysis, whereas the kidney was processed for histological studies. The obese rats exhibited albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and hypertrophy in glomeruli and renal tubule in some areas, together with alterations in mineral content of plasma but not of femur. The training protocol prevented the generation of albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, showing a significant action on plasma and bone mineral levels. Therefore, the specific training protocol used in this study was able to prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy and affected the metabolism of certain minerals