Two-phase RTD-CMOS pipelined circuits

MOnostable-BIstable Logic Element (MOBILE) networks can be operated in a gate-level pipelined fashion (nanopipeline) allowing high through output. Resonant tunneling diode (RTD)-based MOBILE nanopipelined circuits have been reported using different clock schemes including a four-phase strategy and a single-phase clock scheme. In particular, significant power advantages of single-phase RTD-CMOS MOBILE circuits over pure CMOS have been shown. This letter compares the RTD-CMOS realizations using a single clock and a novel two-phase clock solution. Significant superior robustness and performance in terms of power and area are obtained for the two-phase implementations

Quantum diffusion beyond slow-roll: implications for primordial black-hole production

Primordial black-holes (PBH) can be produced in single-field models of inflation with a quasi-inflection point in the potential. In these models, a large production of PBHs requires a deviation from the slow-roll (SR) trajectory. In turn, this SR violation can produce an exponential growth of quantum fluctuations. We study the back-reaction of these quantum modes on the inflationary dynamics using stochastic inflation in the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. We develop a methodology to solve quantum diffusion beyond SR in terms of the statistical moments of the probability distribution. We apply these techniques to a toy model potential with a quasi-inflection point. We find that there is an enhancement of the power spectrum due to the dominance of the stochastic noise in the phase beyond SR. Moreover, non-Gaussian corrections become as well relevant with a large positive kurtosis. Altogether, this produces a significant boost of PBH production. We discuss how our results extend to other single-field models with similar dynamics. We conclude that the abundance of PBHs in this class of models should be revisited including quantum diffusion.Comment: 17+7 pages, 5 figures. Matches JCAP versio

Study of the Acidification of Sherry Musts With Gypsum and Tartaric Acid

Must acidification is a necessary operation in hot regions due to the low natural acid content of the grapes grown there. Tartaric acid is what is most usually used for this purpose. Using gypsum (CaSO 4 • 2H20 ) allows the amount of tartaric acid needed to reach a given pH to be reduced. This paper is a study of the acidification of musts produced in Sherry area (Southern Spain) to a pH of 3.25 with tartaric acid alone and tartaric acid acting together with 2 g/L of gypsum. Using gypsum causes a reduction in must pH of approximately 0.2 units and allows the tartaric acid dosage to be cut down by 1.5 to 2.5 g/L. The concentration of sulfates in the fermented wine lies below 2.5 g/L (the maximum authorized by the European Community), and the calcium concentration is 130 mg/L. Both levels are compatible with a correct winemaking. The acid buffering power of the wine and the alkalinity of the ash are reduced by the use of gypsum, which makes later acidification easier. Other wine component levels are not affected

Improved procedure for determining the ductility of buildings under seismic loads

Displacement ductility is a parameter that characterizes the seismic response of structures. Moreover, displacement ductility can be used in order to determine whether a structural design, performed according to a specific seismic code or not, may achieve the main goal of the seismic design: to develop energy dissipation in a stable manner. Determination of displacement ductility is not an easy task, because the structural response usually does not show a clear location of the points that define yield and ultimate displacements. In this paper, some of the main procedures for ductility displacement are revised and compared, and then improvements are performed to such procedures in order to compute the displacement ductility. A new procedure is then introduced, leading to determine the ultimate displacement using the seismic collapse threshold and the yield displacement, achieving the balance of dissipated energy. The procedure has been used to calculate displacement ductility of reinforced concrete framed buildings.Peer Reviewe