Educational profile of Moroccan immigrants enrolled in schools in Navarra (Spain)

An important immigration rise occurred in Spain during the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first. The Spanish education system has been affected by this phenomenon. As a result, both the national government and the governments of the autonomous communities in Spain have developed measures regarding the access and integration of this population into the educational system. In particular, we present a statistical analysis of the educational profile of the Moroccan immigrants in the region of Navarra, as compared to the immigrants from other nationalities and to the native population. For that purpose, we consider the following educational stages: Pre-primary Education, Primary Education, Secondary Education and Vocational Training. In connection with these stages we analyze the kind of school in which they are enrolled (government schools or non-government schools) and the linguistic model they select (Spanish or various combinations of Spanish and other languages). The first results confirm that the percentage of Moroccan students enrolled in government schools is much higher than the percentage of the rest of the foreign and native population enrolled in these schools. Moreover, most Moroccan students pursue their studies in the linguistic model in which Spanish is prevalent. However, the percentage of Moroccan students who choose the English Learning Program model is greater than the percentage of students from other nationalities and the native ones who choose this linguistic model

International politics must be considered together with climate and fisheries regulation as a driver of marine ecosystems

Seafood is an essential source of protein globally. As its demand continues to rise, balancing food security and the health of marine ecosystems has become a pressing challenge. Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) has been adopted by the European Union (EU) Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) to meet this challenge by ac- counting for the multiple interacting natural and socio-economic drivers. The CFP includes both the imple- mentation of regulatory measures to EU stocks and the establishment of bilateral fisheries agreements with neighbouring countries, known as sustainable fisheries partnership agreements (SFPAs). While the effects of fisheries management regulations are well acknowledged, the consequences of the SFPAs on EU ecosystems have been commonly overlooked. Here we investigate the development of the Gulf of Cadiz marine ecosystem over the last two decades and found evidence of the impact of both policy interventions. Our findings reveal the effec- tiveness of regulatory measures in reverting a progressively degrading ecosystem, characterised by high fishing pressure and dominance of opportunistic species, to a more stable configuration, characterised by higher biomass of small pelagics and top predators after 2005. Knock-on effects of the EU-Morocco SFPA and climate effects were detected before 2005, resulting in increased purse seine fishing effort, lower biomass of pelagic species and warmer temperatures. This southern EU marine ecosystem has been one of the latest to introduce regulations and is very exposed to fishery agreements with neighbouring Morocco. Our study highlights the importance of taking into consideration, not only the effects of in situ fisheries regulations but also the indirect implications of political agreements in the framework of EBFM.Marie Curie (re)Integration Grant (M.Ll., FP7-PEOPLE, ref: PERG05-GA-2009-247528), OCAL-DILEMA project (ref: CTM2014-59244-C3-2-R), CAPES Foundation and the Science without Borders fellowship program (ref: 99999.013763/2013- 00), EASME/ EMFF/2018/1.3.2.4/Lot2/SI2.818388-SC03En prensa6,86

Informe nº 13a

En el Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo del IEO han sido analizadas muestras de especies de peces pelágicos, recogidas durante la campaña Prestige-Pelágicos 0303 en la costa del Cantábrico. Las especies estudiadas han sido: caballa (Scomber scombrus), sardina (Sardina pilchardus) y jurel (Trachurus trachurus)