Competition in the Underwriting Markets of Sovereign Debt: The Baring Crisis Revisited

Flores discusses the bargaining power of Argentina\u27s federal government relative to that of the underwriting banks. It examines how the financial intermediaries\u27 gatekeeping function eroded when faced with increased competition. Under normal circumstances, underwriters should have impeded Argentinean access to capital markets or at least hardened the terms under which Argentina could borrow

A 10,000 Mississippi Kite flock observed in Fuerte Esperanza, Argentina

The Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis) is a Neotropical migrant that nests singly or in loose, small colonies in North America from North Carolina and north Florida west to Kansas, southeastern Colorado, and Texas and north along Mississippi River to south Illinois and Indiana, and west locally to Arizona (Brown & Amadon 1968, Thiollay 1994, Wheeler 2003). The species migrates along the Mesoamerican Land Corridor into South America where it feeds on flying insects in rather small flocks. Wintering range is very imprecisely known but major part of population is likely to winter in central South America east of the Andes, southeastern Bolivia, Paraguay to northern Argentina, and at least to some extent, southwestern Brazil, wandering occasionally to Minas Gerais (Davis 1989, Fergusson-Lees & Christie 2001, Wheeler 2003, Kirwan et al. 2004).Fil: Areta, Juan Ignacio. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina. Grupo FALCO; ArgentinaFil: Seipke, Sergio H.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentin

Generalized effective hamiltonian for graphene under non-uniform strain

We use a symmetry approach to construct a systematic derivative expansion of the low energy effective Hamiltonian modifying the continuum Dirac description of graphene in the presence of non-uniform elastic deformations. We extract all experimentally relevant terms and describe their physical significance. Among them there is a new gap-opening term that describes the Zeeman coupling of the elastic pseudomagnetic field and the pseudospin. We determine the value of the couplings using a generalized tight binding model.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure. Matches published version + 1 footnote added, typos correcte

The Evolution of Cholesterol-Rich Membrane in Oxygen Adaption: The Respiratory System as a Model.

The increase in atmospheric oxygen levels imposed significant environmental pressure on primitive organisms concerning intracellular oxygen concentration management. Evidence suggests the rise of cholesterol, a key molecule for cellular membrane organization, as a cellular strategy to restrain free oxygen diffusion under the new environmental conditions. During evolution and the increase in organismal complexity, cholesterol played a pivotal role in the establishment of novel and more complex functions associated with lipid membranes. Of these, caveolae, cholesterol-rich membrane domains, are signaling hubs that regulate important in situ functions. Evolution resulted in complex respiratory systems and molecular response mechanisms that ensure responses to critical events such as hypoxia facilitated oxygen diffusion and transport in complex organisms. Caveolae have been structurally and functionally associated with respiratory systems and oxygen diffusion control through their relationship with molecular response systems like hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), and particularly as a membrane-localized oxygen sensor, controlling oxygen diffusion balanced with cellular physiological requirements. This review will focus on membrane adaptations that contribute to regulating oxygen in living systems