19 research outputs found
The integrative value of myocardial perfusion-function imaging with 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography:From methodology to clinical impact
The current profile of cardiovascular disease is a source of concern due to its prevalence and the substantial burden of its associated outcomes. Although advances in cardiac therapy represent a great contribution in this area, there is a need for better and more integral methods to diagnose and evaluate prognosis in patients with heart disease. Within these novel state-of-the-art methods, the present thesis studied the utilization of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 13N-ammonia (an injectable tracer that allows us to picture blood flow in the coronary arteries). By exploring alternatives in methodological aspects of this technique as well as how blood flow and heart motion relate to each other in different groups of patients, we propose that further integration of clinical data and data obtained through PET should be considered when characterizing heart disease. We confirmed the relevant influence of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor that affects not only heart blood flow but heart motion as well. In the near future, the combination of measurements obtained by cardiac PET imaging may optimize risk stratification as they already translate an elevated risk of fatal outcomes individually
The utilization of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of renal health and disease
Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging technique that uses radiotracers to visualize metabolic processes of interest across different organs, to diagnose and manage diseases, and monitor therapeutic response. This systematic review aimed to characterize the value of PET for the assessment of renal metabolism and function in subjects with non-oncological metabolic disorders. Methods: This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Research articles reporting “kidney” or “renal” metabolism evaluated with PET imaging between 1980 and 2021 were systematically searched in Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. Search results were exported and stored in RefWorks, the duplicates were removed, and eligible studies were identified, evaluated, and summarized. Results: Thirty reports met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were prospective (73.33%, n = 22) in nature. The most utilized PET radiotracers were 15O-labeled radio water (H215O, n = 14) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG, n = 8). Other radiotracers used in at least one study were 14(R,S)-(18)F-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (18F-FTHA), 18F-Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF), 11C-acetate, 68-Gallium (68Ga), 13N-ammonia (13N-NH3), Rubidium-82 (82Rb), radiolabeled cationic ferritin (RadioCF), 11C‐para-aminobenzoic acid (11C-PABA), Gallium-68 pentixafor (68Ga-Pentixafor), 2-deoxy-2-F-fluoro-d-sorbitol (F-FDS) and 55Co-ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (55Co-EDTA). Conclusion: PET imaging provides an effective modality for evaluating a range of metabolic functions including glucose and fatty acid uptake, oxygen consumption and renal perfusion. Multiple positron emitting radiolabeled racers can be used for renal imaging in clinical settings. PET imaging thus holds the potential to improve the diagnosis of renal disorders, and to monitor disease progression and treatment response
Stress myocardial blood flow correlates with ventricular function and synchrony better than myocardial perfusion reserve:A Nitrogen-13 ammonia PET study
Cardiac PET quantifies stress myocardial blood flow (MBF) and perfusion reserve (MPR), while ECG-gated datasets can measure components of ventricular function simultaneously. Stress MBF seems to outperform MPR in the detection of significant CAD. However, it is uncertain which perfusion measurement is more related to ventricular function. We hypothesized that stress MBF correlates with ventricular function better than MPR in patients studied for suspected myocardial ischemia. We studied 248 patients referred to a rest and adenosine-stress Nitrogen-13 ammonia PET. We performed a multivariate analysis using systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF), diastolic function (mean filling rate in diastole, MFR/3), and synchrony (Entropy) as the outcome variables, and stress MBF, MPR, and relevant covariates as the predictors. Secondarily, we repeated the analysis for the subgroup of patients with and without a previous myocardial infarction (MI). 166 male and 82 female patients (mean age 63 +/- 11 and 67 +/- 11 year, respectively) were included. 60% of the patients presented hypertension, 57% dyslipidemia, 21% type 2 diabetes mellitus, 45% smoking, and 34.7% a previous MI. Mean stress MBF was 1.99 +/- 0.75 mL/g/min, MPR = 2.55 +/- 0.89, LVEF = 61.6 +/- 15%, MFR/3 = 1.12 +/- 0.38 EDV/s, and Entropy = 45.6 +/- 11.3%. There was a significant correlation between stress MBF (P <.001) and ventricular function. This was stronger than the one for MPR (P = .063). Sex, age, diabetes, and extent of previous MI were also significant predictors. Results were similar for the analyses of the 2 subgroups. Stress MBF is better correlated with ventricular function than MPR, as evaluated by Nitrogen-13 ammonia PET, independently from other relevant cardiovascular risk factors and clinical covariates. This relationship between coronary vasodilatory capacity and ventricular function is sustained across groups with and without a previous MI
POR UNA CULTURA DE PAZ: UNA MIRADA DESDE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA
En
virtud
de
lo
anterior,
los
estudiosos
de
las
ciencias
de
la
conducta
de
la
Universidad
Autónoma
del
Estado
de
México,
ante
la
persistencia
y
proliferación
de
estos
hechos
en
diversas
partes
del
Mundo
y
de
nuestro
país
en
particular, se
convocó
a
los
estudiosos
interesados
y
a
la
sociedad
en
general
a
presentar
trabajos
para
analizar,
debatir
y
proponer
estrategias
de
acción
y
dirección,
que
fortalezcan
una
convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz.
El
presente
texto
es
producto
de
esta convocatoria
que
recoge
los
trabajos
de
los
interesados
en
la
temática,
de
diferentes
países
(España,
Argentina,
Cuba,
Brasil,
Costa
Rica
y
México)
retomando
con
ello
sus
experiencias
relativas
al
estudio,
análisis,
comprensión
e
instrumentación
de
la
cultura
de
paz
en
los
distintos
ámbitos
institucionales
en
los
que
participan:
educativo,
salud,
penitenciario,
social,
laboral,
familia,
alimentario,
psicológico,
por
mencionar
algunos.
El
presente
libro,
propicia
un
espacio
de
reflexión,
diálogo
y
posicionamiento
de
las
ciencias
de
la
conducta
para
la
apropiación,
análisis,
debate
y
propuestas
que
fortalezcan
una
cultura
de
paz
a
través
de
la
convivencia
y
el
bienestar
social
con
sentido
humanista.
El
sistema
económico
neoliberal
y
el
proceso
de
globalización
han
contribuido
al
logro
de
avances
significativos
en
la
ciencia
y
la
tecnología,
pero
también
han
propiciado
la
polarización
de
las
sociedades
lo
que
ha
impactado
de
manera
negativa
a
la
sociedad
en
su
conjunto,
pero
en
mayor
medida
a
los grupos
vulnerables. Dicha
polarización
ha
traído
consigo
un
desarrollo
desigual
del
mundo
que
se
expresa
de
diferentes
maneras
tanto
en
países
desarrollados
como
en
los
llamados
del
tercer
mundo,
en
donde
no
están
satisfechas
las
necesidades
humanas
elementales
de
todos
los
sectores
de
la
población,
siempre
falta
algo.
Si
a
esto
le
sumamos
los
conflictos
internacionales por
diferentes
motivos
que
enfrentan
algunas
naciones,
una
insuficiente
cobertura
educativa
y
de
salud,
desempleo
y
pobreza
extrema,
entre
otras
cosas;
estamos
frente
a
retos
de
gran
envergadura
para
los
gobiernos,
para
los
estudiosos
y
para
la
sociedad
civil
en
general. Uno
de
los
intentos
para
frenar
y prevenir
la
agudización
de
estas
problemáticas
es
la
cultura
de
paz,
cuyo
estudio
y propuestas
han
ido
avanzando
en
diferentes
sentidos
y
de
manera
favorable,
el
tema
está
presente
en
diferentes
Organismos
Internacionales
como
la
ONU,
la
UNESCO,
la
OCDE,
El
Banco
Mundial,
entre
otros.
Pero
falta
mucho
por
hacer.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic
Residual Activity Correction in Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion 13N-Ammonia PET Imaging: A Study in Post-MI Patients
Background/Introduction/Aim: Positron emission tomography (PET) is the gold standard for the quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF). A standard PET scan is acquired in two phases (rest and pharmacological stress). 13N-ammonia is a perfusion radiotracer that may show residual activity, which may affect MBF estimation during the second phase of the scan. An algorithm for residual activity correction (RAC) is available when reconstruction is performed using Syngo MBF (by Siemens). The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in MBF estimation with and without RAC by Syngo MBF in patients with a previous MI using 13N-ammonia PET.
Methods: MBF was evaluated by 13N-ammonia PET in a group of 25 patients with a history of MI. Dynamic MBF measurements were analyzed with Syngo Dynamic PET, with and without RAC, and the results were evaluated with statistical methods.
Results: Significant differences in stress phase MBF after RAC were identified in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) territory (p=0.0425) and the right coronary artery (RCA) territory (p=0.004). A trend towards significance was identified in the global polar plot (p=0.049). No statistically significant difference was found in the left circumflex artery (LCx) territory (p=0.333).
Conclusion: Syngo Dynamic PET, through its RAC function, can be a useful adjunct in assessing second-phase MBF of primarily the RCA territory and secondarily the global polar plot and LAD territory but not the LCx territory
Medición experimental de la densidad de la nube de cavitación en un Slit Venturi
En el presente trabajo, se reporta la caracterización experimental de la formación y desarrollo de la nube de cavitación en diferentes temperaturas de líquido 20, 30, 40 y 50 °C. Para ello, se construyó una instalación hidráulica que tiene como elemento principal un tubo Venturi de sección rectangular, con ella, se generaron las condiciones de flujo necesarias para formar la cavitación y medir las propiedades termodinámicas para el cálculo de los números adimensionales de Thoma y Reynolds. El error promedio de sesgo de las mediciones no superó el 1%, por tal razón, se aseguró la buena calidad del cálculo en los números adimensionales de Thoma y Reynolds. Con los números de Thoma “σ” y Re se caracterizaron las diferentes fases de la nube de cavitación, desde incipiente, cuasi, desarrollada y super cavitación en el rango de temperaturas del experimento, encontrando que el tránsito de la cavitación incipiente a desarrollada es más fácil a temperatura ambiente, ya que, el régimen de flujo aumentará solo 15.82% en comparación con las otras temperaturas. El inicio de la nube de cavitación depende de la viscosidad del fluido, en el intervalo de prueba la variación de la viscosidad fue de 55% por lo que el régimen de flujo será afectado por la viscosidad y por consiguiente en el inicio de la nube de gas. Finalmente, la densidad del fluido en el rango de temperatura de la prueba permaneció constante, ya que no vario más de 1%, por lo que no afectó al régimen de flujo