16 research outputs found
FACTORS AFFECTING THE VITAMIN A AND ß-CAROTENE CONTENTS OF MILK
The factors affecting the vitamin A and s-carotene contents of milk were investigated. A series of short- and long-term experiments were conducted using the University of Saskatchewan dairy herd and Saskatoon commercial fluid milk, respectively.
The vitamin A potency of the milk was significantly influenced by cow-to-cow variations when the experimental cows were receiving high levels (87,600 IU/kg feed) of vitamin A supplementation. The day-to-day variations significantly affected the vitamin A content of milk when early lactation cows received low levels (8,200 IU/kg feed) of vitamin A supplementation.
The milk of cows in late lactation contained more vitamin A per 100 ml but the milk of cows in early lactation contained more vitamin A per gm butter fat.
Pronounced seasonal variations were observed in Saskatoon market milks. The spring milk contained 28.87%, 20.09%, and 8.33% more vitamin A potency than that of winter, fall and summer milk, respectively. Overall, spring and summer milk had significantly more vitamin A (1.17 times) than that of winter and fall milk. Supplementation of feeds with about 10 times the
RDA of vitamin A increased the vitamin A content of the milk by 24% but did not affect either the milk yield or the B.F.% of the milk. Dietary hay suppressed, but dietary silage promoted, the recovery of dietary vitamin A in milk of cows fed the above forages, each supplemented with 250,000 and 600,000 IU vitamin A/cow/day. High levels of vitamin A intake depressed the milk
and blood levels of s-carotene. Dietary levels of the vitamin A did not affect the concentration of the vitamin in the blood of the experimental animals.
Pasteurization of milk had no deleterious effects on the vitamin A potency of milk. Skimming significantly reduced the vitamin A content of whole milk by 85.0% and 26.5% for skim and 2% B.F. milk, respectively. Fortification, at the processing plant, increased the vitamin A content
of the low fat milk to above average levels. Maximal photodegradation of vitamin A occurred between 340 to 440 nm. s-carotene significantly protected vitamin A from photodegradation. Storage stability of vitamin A in processed milks (skim, 2% B.F. and homogenized milk) was found to be much less than that of whole, raw milk.
The results from the study indicated that the vitamin A potency of milk can be optimized by fortification of winter feeds, particularly silage, with vitamin A. Once the milk has been produced, the vitamin A levels can be optimized by proper fortification of low fat milk and by proper packaging and storage of processed milk
Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Women Living with HIV in Eastern Uganda
HIV and AIDS have posed various medical, nutritional, social and economic problems, female-headed households being the most affected. Poor nutritional knowledge and dietary practices common among the most affected households significantly contribute to the rapid progression of HIV. However, very little data exist concerning these aspects of nutrition among women living with HIV and AIDS in resource-limited settings, such as Uganda. The aim of the study was to investigate the gaps in nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices and their relationship with sociodemographic characteristics in an urban population of women living with HIV and AIDS in Uganda. In total, 133 women living with HIV were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Most (89.5%) women reported being trained on the importance of nutrition for people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) and believed that it is very important to consume a balanced diet (99.5%). On the contrary, only 21.8% consumed at least three meals per day and 39.8% at least six food-groups. They also reported higher dependency on starchy staples while foods of animal origin and fruits that play vital immunity and protective roles were inadequately consumed. Results of bivariate analysis indicated that consumption of a diversified diet was significantly associated with access to food-aid (p=0.006), possibly because access to food-aid reportedly enhances the ability of the household to access other food items. However, much is still needed to understand the drug-food interaction and dietary diversification and enhance proper dietary practices through sustainable projects that ensure increased access to food. Support groups of the PLWHA are a good vehicle for communication of nutrition information and implementation of nutrition-related projects
Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Women Living with HIV in Eastern Uganda
HIV and AIDS have posed various medical, nutritional, social and
economic problems, female-headed households being the most affected.
Poor nutritional knowledge and dietary practices common among the most
affected households significantly contribute to the rapid progression
of HIV. However, very little data exist concerning these aspects of
nutrition among women living with HIV and AIDS in resource-limited
settings, such as Uganda. The aim of the study was to investigate the
gaps in nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices and their
relationship with sociodemographic characteristics in an urban
population of women living with HIV and AIDS in Uganda. In total, 133
women living with HIV were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire.
Most (89.5%) women reported being trained on the importance of
nutrition for people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) and believed that
it is very important to consume a balanced diet (99.5%). On the
contrary, only 21.8% consumed at least three meals per day and 39.8% at
least six food-groups. They also reported higher dependency on starchy
staples while foods of animal origin and fruits that play vital
immunity and protective roles were inadequately consumed. Results of
bivariate analysis indicated that consumption of a diversified diet was
significantly associated with access to food-aid (p=0.006), possibly
because access to food-aid reportedly enhances the ability of the
household to access other food items. However, much is still needed to
understand the drug-food interaction and dietary diversification and
enhance proper dietary practices through sustainable projects that
ensure increased access to food. Support groups of the PLWHA are a good
vehicle for communication of nutrition information and implementation
of nutrition-related projects
Perceptions on the right to adequate food after a major landslide disaster: a cross-sectional survey of two districts in Uganda
FACTORS AFFECTING THE VITAMIN A AND ß-CAROTENE CONTENTS OF MILK
The factors affecting the vitamin A and s-carotene contents of milk were investigated. A series of short- and long-term experiments were conducted using the University of Saskatchewan dairy herd and Saskatoon commercial fluid milk, respectively.
The vitamin A potency of the milk was significantly influenced by cow-to-cow variations when the experimental cows were receiving high levels (87,600 IU/kg feed) of vitamin A supplementation. The day-to-day variations significantly affected the vitamin A content of milk when early lactation cows received low levels (8,200 IU/kg feed) of vitamin A supplementation.
The milk of cows in late lactation contained more vitamin A per 100 ml but the milk of cows in early lactation contained more vitamin A per gm butter fat.
Pronounced seasonal variations were observed in Saskatoon market milks. The spring milk contained 28.87%, 20.09%, and 8.33% more vitamin A potency than that of winter, fall and summer milk, respectively. Overall, spring and summer milk had significantly more vitamin A (1.17 times) than that of winter and fall milk. Supplementation of feeds with about 10 times the
RDA of vitamin A increased the vitamin A content of the milk by 24% but did not affect either the milk yield or the B.F.% of the milk. Dietary hay suppressed, but dietary silage promoted, the recovery of dietary vitamin A in milk of cows fed the above forages, each supplemented with 250,000 and 600,000 IU vitamin A/cow/day. High levels of vitamin A intake depressed the milk
and blood levels of s-carotene. Dietary levels of the vitamin A did not affect the concentration of the vitamin in the blood of the experimental animals.
Pasteurization of milk had no deleterious effects on the vitamin A potency of milk. Skimming significantly reduced the vitamin A content of whole milk by 85.0% and 26.5% for skim and 2% B.F. milk, respectively. Fortification, at the processing plant, increased the vitamin A content
of the low fat milk to above average levels. Maximal photodegradation of vitamin A occurred between 340 to 440 nm. s-carotene significantly protected vitamin A from photodegradation. Storage stability of vitamin A in processed milks (skim, 2% B.F. and homogenized milk) was found to be much less than that of whole, raw milk.
The results from the study indicated that the vitamin A potency of milk can be optimized by fortification of winter feeds, particularly silage, with vitamin A. Once the milk has been produced, the vitamin A levels can be optimized by proper fortification of low fat milk and by proper packaging and storage of processed milk
Nutritional status of HIV/AIDS orphaned children in households headed by the elderly in Rakai District, South Western Uganda
Although a lot of research has been conducted on the role of good nutrition in mitigating the effects of HIV/AIDS, little is known about the health and nutritional status of HIV/AIDS orphaned children who mostly live with their elderly grand parents. The major objective of this study was therefore to assess the nutritional status of HIV/AIDS orphaned children
Effect of refining and supplementation on the viscosity and energy density of weaning maize porridges
Food variety consumption and household food insecurity coping strategies after the 2010 landslide disaster - the case of Uganda
To evaluate the nutritional situation of the victims of the 2010 landslide disaster in Uganda, food varieties consumed and coping strategies were assessed.
Cross-sectional. Food variety scores (FVS) were obtained as the total of food items eaten over the last week while an index was based on severity weighting of household food insecurity coping strategies. We included 545 affected and 533 control households.
Victims in the affected Bududa district in Eastern Uganda and those victims resettled in the Kiryandongo district, Western Uganda.
Adjusted for covariates, in Bududa significantly higher mean FVS were observed among: affected than controls; farmers than others; and relief food recipients. Control households scored higher means (se) on severity of coping: 28·6 (1·3) v. 19·2 (1·2; P<0·01). In Kiryandongo, significantly higher FVS were observed among: control households; household heads educated above primary school; those with assets that complement food source; and recipients of relief food. Severity of coping was significantly higher among affected households and non-recipients of relief food. Affected households had a higher likelihood to skip a day without eating a household meal in Bududa (OR=2·31; 95 % CI 1·62, 3·29; P<0·01) and Kiryandongo (OR=1·77; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·57; P<0·01).
Whereas FVS and severity of coping showed opposite trends in the two districts, resettlement into Kiryandongo led to severe coping experiences. Administrative measures that provide a combination of relief food, social protection and resettlement integration may offset undesirable coping strategies affecting diet
Household food insecurity and diet diversity after the major 2010 landslide disaster in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional survey.
In 2010, a landslide in Bududa, Eastern Uganda, killed about 350 people and nearly 1000 affected households were resettled in Kiryandongo, Western Uganda. A cross-sectional survey assessed household food insecurity and diet diversity among 1078 affected and controls. In Bududa, the affected had a lower adjusted mean score of food insecurity than controls – 9·2 (se 0·4) v. 12·3 (se 0·4) (P<0·01) – but higher diet diversity score (DDS) – 7·1 (se 0·1) v. 5·9 (se 0·1) (P<0·01). On controlling for disaster and covariates, recipients of relief food had higher food insecurity – 12·0 (se 0·6) v. 10·4 (se 0·3) (P=0·02) – whereas farmers had higher DDS – 6·6 (se 0·2) v. 5·6 (se 0·3) (P<0·01). Household size increased the likelihood of food insecurity (OR 1·15; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·32; P<0·05) but reduced DDS (OR 0·93; 95 % CI 0·87, <1·00; P=0·04). Low DDS was more likely in disaster affected (OR 4·22; 95 % CI 2·65, 6·72; P<0·01) and farmers (OR 2·52; 95 % CI 1·37, 4·64; P<0·01). In Kiryandongo, affected households had higher food insecurity – 12·3 (se 0·8) v. 2·6 (se 0·8) (P<0·01) – but lower DDS – 5·8 (se 0·3) v. 7·0 (se 0·3) (P=0·02). The latter reduced with increased age (OR 0·99; 95 % CI 0·97, 1·00; P<0·05), lowest education (OR 0·54; 95 % CI 0·31, 0·93; P=0·03), farmers (OR 0·59; 95 % CI 0·35, 0·98; P=0·04) and asset ownership (OR 0·56; 95 % CI 0·39, 0·81; P<0·01). Addressing social protection could mitigate food insecurity