Reading Attitudes Across a Broad Age Spectrum

Children with parents who demonstrate a highly positive attitude toward reading and who read to their children generally profit from instruction when they begin learning to read and also enjoy considerable success (Durkin, 1966; McCormack, 1977). On the other hand, a review of current research indicates that there is little information available which demonstrates how school-age children as well as adults say they feel about reading. Further, Zirkel and Greene (1976) suggested that there is a paucity of verbal self-report instruments in the reading attitude assessment area (p. 107)

Advanced remote sensing applications to strategic surveillance systems

Issued as Contract funds status reports [nos. 1-8], Status reports, nos. 1-4, Technical report, and Final report, Project no. E-21-T23Final report has author: N. ChonackyFinal report has title: Advanced remote sensing applications to strategic surveillance system

Investigating the feedbacks between CO2, vegetation and the AMOC in a coupled climate model

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is an important component of the climate system, however its sensitivity to the terrestrial biosphere has been largely overlooked. Here the HadCM3 coupled climate model is run for millennial timescales to investigate the feedbacks between vegetation and the AMOC at increasing CO2. The impact of agricultural conversion (termed land-use change; LUC) and the role of the simulated 'background' vegetation (termed land cover change; LCC) are investigated. LUC cools climate in regions of high crop fraction due to increased albedo. LCC is shown to evolve at higher CO2, with a northward migration of the tree line in the Northern Hemisphere and dieback of the Amazon. This generally acts to enhance the impact of climate change primarily due to albedo changes. Density in the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Seas is crucial in driving the AMOC. Increasing CO2 decreases regional sea surface density, reducing convection and weakening the AMOC. The inclusion of LCC is shown to be responsible for a significant proportion of this weakening; reflecting the amplification effect it has on climate change. This acts to decrease the surface density in the GIN Seas. At elevated CO2 (1400 ppm) the inclusion of dynamic vegetation is shown to drive a reduction in AMOC strength from 6 to 20%. Despite the cooling effect of LUC, the impact on the AMOC is shown to be small reflecting minimal impact it has on GIN Sea density. These results indicate the importance of including dynamic vegetation in future AMOC studies using HadCM3, but LUC may be insignificant. In the context of other climate models however, the importance of vegetation is likely to be overshadowed by other systemic model biases.Peer reviewe

Balochistan and nationalism

textBalochistan and Nationalism discusses a divided region in South Asia and their ideas of nationalism. Balochistan is divided among three neighboring countries; Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Each Balochi region within each country still maintains a sense of Balochi nationalism however with somewhat different ideals from one another. This paper discusses the history of the region and the people, and identifies in each region how their approach in the fight for self-determination developed and each region’s desired endstate.Asian Studie