Evaluation of adsorption performance of phosphates removal using cell‐mg hybrid adsorbent

Abstract: Due to the high accumulation of nutrients in water (primarily phosphates) because of increased use of fertilizers and plant protection products, it is necessary to apply various techniques for their detection, and then removal. Adsorption is one of the promising techniques to removing them. Magnetite (MG) modified cellulose membrane (Cell-MG), obtained by reaction of 3-aminosilane and subsequently with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid dianhydride functionalized waste Cell fibers (Cell-NH2 and Cell-DTPA, respectively), and amino-modified diatomite was used for phosphate ions removal from water. Cell-MG membrane was structurally and morphologically characterized using SEM and TEM techniques. The influences of operational parameters, i.e. pH, contact time, temperature, and the mass of adsorbent on adsorption and kinetics were studied in a batch system. The calculated capacities of 79.08 mg/g at 45 °C for phosphate ions were obtained from non-linear Langmuir model fitting. The reusability of adsorbent and results from wastewater purification showed that Cell-MG could be used as general-purpose adsorbent. Based on the kinetic studies the adsorption process follow the pseudo second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous

Eco-friendly Elderberry based sorbent for removing Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) pith was modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) in order to improve the adsorption properties. Characterization of both dried Sambucus nigra pith (DSNP) and amino modification of elderberry pith with branched PEI (PEI/DSNP) was performed by: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy, and porosity determination. The amine and ester number, as well as acid value, were determined on DSNP and PEI/DSNP samples using standard volumetric methods. The samples were used as adsorbents for Pb2+ ions from an aqueous solution in a batch system. The obtained results were fitted using suitable equilibrium isotherm and kinetic models. The maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2+ ions on DSNP and aminаted sample, obtained using Langmuir adsorption isotherm at 298 K, are 18.9 and 47.8 mg g-1, respectively. Based on the kinetic studies, the adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. In general, the overall adsorption process was improved by modifying starting material with branched PEI modifier by introducing large numbers of amino functionalities having high affinity to cations

RESEARCH RESULTS FOR GOAL ORIENTATION OF YOUNG KARATEKAS OF VARIOUS COMPETITIVE ORIENTATION

Since competitions in karate take place within bouts and katas, the subject matter of this study are the psychological characteristics which contribute to this differentiation. The goal of the research is to determine the predictive values of psychological characteristics in the competitive selection of karatekas. In relation to the subject matter and goals of the research, as well as studies carried out so far, a hypothesis has been formulated: significant differences exist in goal orientation between karatekas of various competitive orientation. The study included 79 karatekas, 12 to 14 years old, 37 of whom are competitors in bouts, 23 of whom practice katas, and 19 respondents who take part in both disciplines. In order to evaluate the motivational orientation, we used the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), designed by Duda & Nicholls. Even though the overall results did not confirm the initial hypothesis that the respondents of various competitive orientation should differ in their motivational climate of goal orientation, they to a large extent can be of significant help in the proper selection of young competitors in karate

Discrimination of Different Body Structure Indexes of Elite Athletes in Combat Sports Measured by Multi Frequency Bioimpedance Method

In order to achieve high results in sports, it is necessary to provide an adequate status of an athlete in according to various factors, among which the body structure is one of greater importance. The aim of this research is to define the most discriminated indicators of body structure indexes, thanks to which a specific change of physical structure can be observed according to a branch of sport and type of combat sport. Variables in the research were: body height, body mass, body mass index, free fat mass index, fat mass index, protein mass index, skeletal muscle mass index, percent of body fat, percent of skeletal muscle mass and protein fat index. The measuring of the body composition is realized by using multichannel segmental bioimpedance with InBody 720 apparatus, applied on the total of 112 male high level senior-age athlete members of different national team's member of Republic of Serbia (62 judokas, 29 Greco-Roman style wrestlers and 21 karatekas). The discriminative analysis has shown that subsamples of the athletes statistically differ in morphology on Wilks' lambda level (0.435, p = 0.000), and that following variables have the highest discrimination compared to athlete respondents in sport function: percent of skeletal mass (0.34), percent of body fat (0.28) and protein fat index (0.26), as the first isolated factor (p = 0.000) by which is explained 86.3 %, that is body weight (0.74), skeletal muscle index (0.73), protein mass index (0.72), body mass index (0.72) and free fat mass index (0.70), as the second factor (p = 0.030) by which 13.7 % variability of measured body structure space is explained. By establishing body structure models of judokas, wrestlers and karatekas for variables examined and by using modern technological method of measuring (InBody 720, 2008) we got new information that characterize specificity of the sport, which all contribute to spreading and improving already existing knowledge in the sports sciences and sport body morphology area

Anthropometric and Physical Performance Profiles of Elite Karate Kumite and Kata Competitors

Karate tournaments consist of two equally important karate disciplines: the kumite and kata competitions. Due to being based both on the distinctive selection of movement techniques and their kinematic and kinetic patterns, we hypothesized that the elite kumite and kata competitors could differ regarding their anthropometric and physical performance profiles. Thirty-one senior male karate competitors of the national karate team (kumite n = 19; kata n = 12) participated in this study. The tests applied included both the assessment of anthropometric (body height, mass and body mass index) and the following physical performance measurements: the adductor and hamstring flexibility (sideward leg splits test), speed and acceleration (20-m sprint test with 10-m acceleration time), explosive power (countermovement and standing triple jump), agility ("T"- test) and aerobic endurance (20-m multistage shuttle run test). The kumite competitors revealed a larger body size through body height (p = 0.01) and mass (p = 0.03), while the differences in body composition were non-significant. The kumite competitors also demonstrated higher acceleration (p = 0.03) and explosive power (standing triple jump; p = 0.03). A 6-7 degrees higher flexibility of the kata competitors remained somewhat below the level of significance (p = 0.09). The findings could be interpreted by the distinctive differences in the movement techniques. Specifically, a higher explosive power could be beneficial for kumite, while both a smaller stature and higher flexibility (particularly of the lower extremity) could be important for the exceptionally low postures of the kata competitors. Although further elucidation is apparently needed, the obtained finding could be of importance for both the early selection and training of karate competitors

POUZDANOST TESTOVA ZA PROCENU BRZINE I AGILNOSTI KOŠARKAŠA KADETA

The aim of this research is to determine whether the Illinois test (IL), T-test (Tt), 4x5m Shuttle run (4x5m), 20 m Sprint (S20m), 10 m Sprint (S10m) are reliable tests in assessing the speed and agility of cadet basketball players. The strategy of this research involved a traditional quantitative approach to research with a correlation studies design. The total sample consisted of 38 male participants. The mean age of the participants was -AGE=16.03 years, body height-BH=183.5 cm; body mass-BM=74.1 kg; Body Mass Index-BMI=22.08 kg/m2. The most reliable agility test when performing without a ball is ILNB, while less reliable are TtNB and the 4x5mNB, both without a ball. A reliable test that is performed without a ball to assess the speed of a cadet basketball player is the S10mNB. On the other hand, all speed and agility tests when performed with a ball are reliable for testing cadet basketball players. The proposed speed and agility tests have proven to be reliable for cadet basketball players.Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi da li su Illinois test (IL), T-test (Tt), 4x5m Šatl trčanje (4x5m), 20 m Sprint (S20m), 10 m Sprint (S10m) pouzdani testovi u proceni brzine i agilnosti košarkaša kadeta. Strategija ovog istraživanja podrazumevala je tradicionalni kvantitativni pristup istraživanju sa korelacionim studijskim dizajnom. Ukupan uzorak sastojalo se od 38 muških ispitanika. Srednja starost ispitanika bila je -AGE = 16.03 godina, telesna visina-BH=183.5 cm; telesna masa-BM=74.1 kg; Indeks telesne mase-BMI=22.08 kg/m2. Najpouzdaniji test agilnosti pri izvođenju bez lopte je ILNB, dok su manje pouzdani TtNB i 4x5mNB, oba bez lopte. Pouzdan test koji se izvodi bez lopte za procenu brzine kadeta košarkaša je S10mNB. Sa druge strane, svi testovi brzine i agilnosti kada se izvode sa loptom pouzdani su za testiranje košarkaša kadeta. Predloženi testovi brzine i agilnosti pokazali su se pouzdanima za košarkaše kadete

Analysis of the Mechanism of Acid Mine Drainage Neutralization Using Fly Ash as an Alternative Material: A Case Study of the Extremely Acidic Lake Robule in Eastern Serbia

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a waste from mining sites, usually acidic, with high concentrations of sulfates and heavy metal ions. This study investigates the AMD neutralization process using fly ash (FA) as an alternative material. Samples of FA from coal-fired power plants in Serbia (“Nikola Tesla” (EF) and “Kostolac” (KOST)) were analyzed and used. The results were compared with the treatment efficiency of commercial neutralization agent (NaOH). The alkaline nature of FA was the basis for use in the treatment process of the extremely acid Lake Robule (pH 2.46), located in the mining areas of eastern Serbia. The optimal S/L ratio for the AMD neutralization process determined for EF was 25 wt.%, and for KOST it was 20 wt.%. The mechanism of the neutralization process was analyzed using the ANC test and PHREEQC program. The element concentrations and pH values in solutions indicated that FA samples could neutralize Lake Robule with more than 99% of Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, and more than 89% of Pb precipitated. Formation of insoluble (oxy)hydroxide forms (Fe3+ and Al3+ ions) creates favorable conditions for co-precipitation of other trace metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cd) from AMD, which is further enhanced by cation adsorption on FA particles. FA proved to be a more effective neutralization agent than NaOH due to its adsorption effect, while among the FA samples, KOST was more effective due to the aging process through the carbonization reaction. Using FA as an alternative material is a promising and sustainable method for treating AMD, with economic and environmental benefits

Synthesis, characterization and antitumor activity of polymeric copper(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazones of 3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-4-carboxaldehyde and 5-oxo-3-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-4-carboxaldehyde

New polymeric copper(II) complexes with two tridentate ONS thiosemicarbazone ligands containing substituted pyrazolone moiety were synthesized and characterized by means of spectroscopic, electrochemical and crystallographic techniques. While both ligands exist as different tautomers in the solid state and DMSO-d(6) solution, Cu(II) ion coordinates the ligands from the same tautomeric form with square-pyramidal geometry around each Cu atom. In the crystal structures, the copper(II) complex cation forms polymeric chains {[Cu(L)Cl+]}(n) with a bridging chlorine atom. One of the complexes was found to have a significantly higher cytotoxic potential in comparison with cisplatin in inhibition of several cell lines (HL60, REH, C6, L929 and B16). The results obtained on the basis of flow cytometry indicated that apoptosis could be possible mechanism of cell death