Sister line cross effect on yield and agronomic traits of maize (Zea mays l.)

Za ispitivanja u radu odabrane su dve grupe od po šest samooplodnih linija kukuruza, različitog porekla i različite dužine vegetacionog perioda. Odabrane linije iz svake grupe su umnožene i ukrštene po metodu dialelnog ukrštanja, bez recipročnih kombinacija. Na taj način dobijeno je po 15 sestrinskih ukrštanja iz svake grupe. Naredne godine, samooplodne linije, kao i sestrinska ukrštanja ukršteni su sa po dva testera, Lancaster osnove. Iz tih ukrštanja je dobijeno po 12 dvolinijskih i 30 trolinijskih hibrida sestrinskih ukrštanja sa odgovarajućim testerom u okviru obe grupe linija (srednje rane i srednje kasne grupe zrenja). Podaci o genetičkoj distanci ispitivanih linija bile su u visokoj pozitivnoj korelaciji sa vrednostima posebnih kombinacionih sposobnosti i heterozisom u odnosu na boljeg roditelja. Visoka međuzavisnost je posebno bila izražena u okviru seta linija srednje kasne grupe zrenja. Prinos sestrinskih ukrštanja srednje rane grupe zrenja u trogodišnjem periodu ispitivanja bio je u proseku za 93,6% viši u odnosu na prinos samooplodnih linija, dok je prinos sestrinskih ukrštanja srednje kasne grupe zrenja bio za 80% viši u odnosu na prinos samooplodnih linija srednje kasne grupe zrenja. Najprinosniji trolinijski hibridi srednje rane grupe zrenja po prinosu su prevazišli jedan od njima srodnih dvolinijskih hibrida, a odlikovali su se i visokim prinosom majčinske komponente, što ih čini pogodnim za proizvodnju semena. Sa druge strane, najprinosniji trolinijski hibridi srednje kasne grupe zrenja dobijeni su korišćenjem ukrštanja veoma srodnih linija kao majčinske komponente.Two groups of six inbred lines of different origin and different growing (vegetation) periods were investigated in this paper. Selected lines from each group were multiplied and crossed following diallel cross cheme without reciprocal combinations. In this way, we achieved 15 sister line crosses from each group. Next year, inbred lines, and sister line crosses were crossed with two testers of Lancaster origin. From these crosses were obtained 12 single cross and 30 threeway cross hybrids within both groups of lines (medium early and medium late maturity group). By criteria of genetic distances between studied lines were highly positively correlated with the values of specific combining ability and high parent heterosis. A strong correlation was particularly expressed in the set of lines of medium to late maturity group. Grain yield of medium to early maturity sister line crosses during the three year testing period was on average 93,6% higher than the yield of inbred lines, while the grain yield of medium to late maturity sister line crosses was 80% higher than the grain yield of inbred lines of medium late maturity group. The highest yielding early maturity threeway cross hybrids exceeded one of its corresponding two-line hybrids by grain yield and are characterized by high yield of female components, making them suitable for seed production. On the other hand, the highest yielding late maturity threeway cross hybrids were obtained using a related lines as a female parent

Relationship between genetic distance, specific combining abilities and heterosis in maize (zea mays l.)

Six maize inbred lines for which we assumed that have a similar genetic BACKGROUND: were selected for the study. Inbred lines were crossed according to incomplete diallel design and fifteen hybrid combinations were obtained. Hybrid combinations and their parental lines were used in our study. The objective of the study was to examine genetic polymorphism of parental lines, as well as to determine relationships between SSR genetic distance and values of high parent heterosis and specific combining abilities for grain yield. By using 19 SSR primers we classified inbred lines in two groups. First cluster consists of inbred lines L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5, while inbred line L6 formed second cluster, indicating different heterotic BACKGROUND: in comparison to the other five inbred lines. The Spearman's correlation coefficients between SSR based genetic distance and specific combining abilities for grain yield had a value of (r=0,53*), while positive correlation were also found between genetic distance and high parent heterosis (r=0,57*)

Heritabilnost, genetička dobit i korelacije visine biljke, dužine klasa i produktivnog bokorenja hlebne i durum pšenice

The aim of this research was to examine variability, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance of plant height (PH), spike length (SL) and productive tillering (PTC) of 30 genotypes of bread and durum wheat, and correlations between them. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Šančevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that genotype was the most significant source of variation for SL in bread and durum wheat with 67.1% and 54.4% of explained sum of squares (SS) and for PH in bread wheat with the 66% of SS. Environment represented the most important source of variation for PTC in bread and durum wheat wheat with 68% and 35.9% of SS and also for PH in durum wheat with 51.6% of SS. The ratio of genetic and genotype × environment interaction (σ² g / σ² ge )components of variance indicated more stability in bread wheat for PH and SL and less for PTC in both wheat species. Broad-sense heritability (h²) was very high (>90%) for PH and SL in bread and durum wheat, but smaller for PTC (80.7% and 75.6%, respectively). Considering the high obtained values of h² and high expected genetic advance as percent of mean for PH and SL of bread wheat and for PTC of durum wheat the success of selection for desired trait values can be predicted. PH proved to be correlated with PTC at three environments(0.538, 0.532, P lt 0.05, 0.708, P lt 0.01).Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se prouči varijabilnost, heritabilnost u širem smislu, genetička dobit za visinu biljke (PH), dužinu klasa (SL) i koeficijent produktivnog bokorenja (PTC) 30 genotipova hlebne i durum pšenice, kao i korelacije među njima. Poljski ogledi su bili postavljeni tokom 2010-2011. i 2011-2012 vegetacione sezone na tri lokaliteta: Rimski Šančevi, Zemun Polje i Padinska Skela. Rezultati ovog istraživanja su pokazali da je genotip bio najznačajniji izvor variranja za SL hlebne i durum pšenice sa 67,1% i 54,4% objašnjene sume kvadrata (SS) i za PH hlebne pšenice sa 66% SS. Ekološki faktori su predstavljali najznačajniji izvor variranja za PTC hlebne i durum pšenice sa 68% i 35,9% SS, kao i za PH durum pšenice sa 51,6% SS. Odnos komponenti varijanse-genetičke i interakcije genotip × sredina (σ² g / σ² ge ) je ukazala na veću stabilnost hlebne pšenice za PH i SL, i manju za PTC, za obe vrste pšenice. Heritabilnost u širem smislu (h²) je bila veoma visoka (> 90%) za PH i SL hlebne i durum pšenice, dok je za PTC bila niža (80,7% i 75,6%). Uzimajući u obzir dobijene visoke vrednosti za h² i očekivanu genetička dobit izraženu u procentima proseka za PH i SL hlebne pšenice i za PTC durum pšenice, može se očekivati uspeh selekcije za očekivane vrednosti proučavanih osobina. PH je bila korelisana sa PTC u tri sredine (0,538 i 0,532, P lt 0,05, 0,708, P lt 0,01)

Očekivana genetička dobit mase hiljadu zrna i broja zrna po klasu hlebne i durum pšenice

The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broad-sense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Šančevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the genetic component of variance (σ2g) was predominant for TGW of bread and durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype × environment interaction (σ2ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher than σ2g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat - 39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest value for expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) - 19.3% for TGW of bread wheat, the success of selection for desired values of this yield component can be anticipated. The success of selection cannot be predicted for GNS of durum wheat due to low values obtained for h2 and GAM of 39.5% and 2.8%, respectively.Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su bili da se prouči varijabilnost, komponente varijanse, heritabilnost u širem smislu (h2) i očekivana genetička dobit mase hiljadu zrna (MHZ) i broja zrna po klasu (BZK) za 15 genotipova hlebne pšenice i 15 genotipova durum pšenice. Poljski ogledi su izvedeni tokom 2010-2011. i 2011-2012. godine na tri lokaliteta: Rimski Šančevi, Zemun Polje i Padinska Skela. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je genetička komponenta varijanse (σ2g) bila dominantna u fenotipskoj ekspresiji MHZ hlebne i durum pšenice i BZK hlebne pšenice. Komponenta fenotipske varijanse usled interakcije genotip × sredina (σ2ge) je bila 8,72 puta veća od σ2g za BZK durum pšenice i ukazala je na veću nestabilnost genotipova durum pšenice za tu osobinu. Koeficijent heritabilnosti je bio veoma visok (> 90%) za MHZ i BZK hlebne pšenice, visok za MHZ durum pšenice - 87,3% i nizak za BZK durum pšenice - 39,5%. Uzimajući u obzir visoke ostvarene vrednosti za h2 - 96,4% i za očekivanu genetičku dobit izraženu u procentima od proseka (GAM) - 19,3% za MHZ hlebne pšenice, moguće je predvideti uspeh selekcije pri oplemenjivanju navedene komponente prinosa. Uspeh selekcije se ne može predvideti za BZK durum pšenice zbog dobijenih niskih vrednosti za h2 i GAM od 39,5% odnosno 2,8%

ZP 6090 - novi hibrid kukuruza "Instituta za kukuruz "Zemun Polje"

Već više od sedam decenija Institut za kukuruz "Zemun Polje" kontinuiranim radom na razvoju i stvaranju novih hibrida kukuruza prati korak sa savremenim trendovima u oplemenjivanju kukuruza. Oplemenjivači u Institutu za kukuruz “Zemun Polje” svojim radom na stvaranju novih hibrida kukuruza nastoje da odgovore na aktuelne potrebe tržišta ali i da primenom savremenih tehnologija (dihaploidi, molekularni markeri...) ubrzaju i povećaju preciznost i efikasnost svojih programa. Uvođenjem i ispitivanjem genetičkog materijala različitog porekla (ex-pvp materijal) u selekcionim programima se povećava diverzitet oplemenjivačkog materijala. lako se, zbog klimatskih promena, tržište gajenja kukuruza u Srbiji pomera ka srednje ranim grupama zrenja, na tržištu postoji i dalje potreba za savremenim, prinosnim i stabilnim hibridima kasnijih grupa zrenja. Iz tog razloga Institut za kukuruz “Zemun Polje” posvećuje značajnu pažnju u svojim programima razvoju linija i hibrida kukuruza FAO 600-700 grupa zrenja. Kao rezultat tih programa je nastao i hibrid ZP 6090 koji je ispitivan u ogledima Sortne komisije Republike Srbije tokom 2021. i 2022. godine. Tokom obe godine ispitivanja na ukupno 13 lokacija, hibrid ZP 6090 se istakao odlicnim performansama. Hibrid ZP 6090 je hibrid namenjen primeni savremenih tehnologija gajenja kukuruza. Ovaj hibrid ima modernu arhitekturu bilike koju karakteriše umerena visina, nizak polozaj klipa i uspravan položaj listova. Na ovaj način omogućeno je gajenje u većim gustinama u odnosu na druge hibride iste grupe zrenja kao i primena intezivnog načina gajenja. Hibrid ZP 6090 pokazuje izraženu otpornost prema poleganju, a pokazuje i značajnu tolerantnost na sve ekonomski važnije bolesti i štetocine kukuruza. Zbog velike lisne površine, kvalitetnog zrna i izraženog staygreen svojstva pogodan je i za silažnu upotrebu

Grupe zrenja i potencijal rodnosti ZP hibrida kukuruza

Maize is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, and also in our country. In Serbia, in last two decades maize is grown on the area from 1.2 to 1.3 million hectares, with the average production of 5.7 million tones per year. It is the fact that there are favorable natural conditions for its production in our country, but the grain yield fluctuates depending on rainfall quantities and especially rainfall disposition during the vegetation period. The purpose of this work is to establish the grain yield potential of ZP maize hybrids from FAO 400-700 maturing groups. Data from STRIP trails of six ZP maize hybrids (ZP 434, ZP 578, ZP 677, ZP 680, ZP 684 and ZP 704), from 16 locations during 3 years, are used in this work. Grain yield and grain moisture content were measured in six tested genotypes and analyze of variance was done with ANOVA statistical software. Results of this investigation showed that the hybrid ZP 434 had an average grain yield of 8.528 t·ha-1, which is not statistically significantly different from the grain yield of the hybrid ZP 684 which yielded 8.626 t·ha-1. At the same time, hybrid ZP 434 had the statistically significantly higher grain yield than the hybrids from FAO 700 maturing group. According to the presented results of lasting several years averages on several locations, we can conclude that the hybrids from FAO 400 maturing group have a grain yield potential at the same level as the hybrids from FAO 600-700 maturing group.Kukuruz je jedan od najznačajnijih ratarskih useva ne samo u svetu već i u našoj zemlji. U Srbiji se kukuruz u poslednje dve decenije gaji na površinama od 1.2 do 1.3 miliona hektara, uz ostvarenu prosečnu proizvodnju od 5.7 miliona tona godišnje. Poznato je da kod nas postoje povoljni prirodni uslovi za njegovu proizvodnju, ali i to da su po godinama velika kolebanja prinosa zbog velike varijabilnosti u količini, a posebno u rasporedu padavina u toku vegetacije. Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi potencijal rodnosti ZP hibrida kukuruza, FAO grupa zrenja 400-700. U radu su korišćeni podaci proizvodnih STRIP ogleda šest ZP hibrida kukuruza (ZP 434, ZP 578, ZP 677, ZP 680, ZP 684 i ZP 704) sa 16 lokaliteta u toku tri godine. Praćen je prinos zrna i sadržaj vlage u zrnu šest ispitivanih genotipova, a analiza varijanse urađena je pomoću statističkog programa ANOVA. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je hibrid ZP 434 ostvario prosečan prinos zrna od 8.528 t·ha-1 koji se nije statistički značajno razlikovao od prinosa zrna hibrida ZP 684 od 8.626 t·ha-1. U isto vreme hibrid ZP 434 imao je statistički značajno viši prinos nego hibridi FAO grupe zrenja 700. Na osnovu iznetih rezultata višegodišnjeg proseka na više lokacija može se zaključiti da hibridi FAO grupe zrenja 400 imaju potencijal rodnosti na nivou hibrida FAO grupe zrenja 600-700

Path analysis for morphological traits in maize (Zea mays l.)

Six inbred lines were crossed according to incomplete diallel method. In this way fifteen hybrid combinations were obtained. Hybrid combinations derived from these parental components were used in this work. The objective of study was to estimate direct and indirect effects of five morphological traits on grain yield by the application of the simple coefficient correlation and path coefficient analysis. The trait number of leaves above the top ear with the value of 0.736 has the strongest direct positive effect on grain yield. Positive direct effects on grain yield were also observed for height to tassel base and plant height, while negative direct effects were observed for ear height and total number of leaves. As far as indirect effects were considered, a positive effect of the ear position height on yield over the total plant height stands out. The evaluation of the proportion of mutual effects of five observed morphological traits on grain yield, expressed by the coefficient of multiple determination (R-y12345(2)) amounted to 0.7881

Analiza proizvodnje semena nekih ZP hibrida kukuruza u 2007. godini

The maize seed production is much more complex, sensitive and expense than the commercial maize production. Therefore a special attention should be paid during the whole process of the seed production, in order to achieve higher yields and better seed quality. Legislative regulations related to this field very precisely determine quality conditions that have to be fulfilled in order to move seed into market. The analysis of seed produced by 24 different seed growers was performed in 2007 with three most important ZP maize hybrids: ZP 341, ZP 434 and ZP 677. Approximately 17% of this production (315 ha) were carried out under irrigation conditional, while the remaining 83% of this production (1,573 ha) were performed under dry land farming conditions. It was determined that the yield was significantly lower under conditions of dry land farming, hence the share of seed fractions in the total yield and 1000-seed weight were affected. The average yield of the hybrid ZP 341 on 266 ha was 2,615 kg ha-1. Smaller fractions (6,5 - 8,3 mm) with the average 1000-seed weight of 269,3 g made 52,5% of the total yield. On the other hand larger seed fractions ( lt 8,3 - 11 mm) with the average 1000-seed weight of 342,4 g made 47,5 % of the total yield. The average yield of the hybrid ZP 434 on 1,266 ha was 2,309 kg ha-1. Smaller fractions with the average 1000-seed weight of 268,4 g made 52,5% of the total yield, while larger seed fractions with the average 1000-seed weight of 344,3 g made 51,7 % of the total yield. The average yield of the hybrid ZP 677 on 365 ha was 2,971 kg ha-1. Smaller fractions with the average 1000-seed weight of 282,3 g made 85,5% of the total yield, while larger seed fractions with the average 1000-seed weight of 333,5 g made 14,5 % of the total yield.Proizvodnja semena kukuruza je veoma složena, osetljiva i znatno skuplja od merkantilne proizvodnje. Zbog toga se ovoj proizvodnji posvećuje posebna pažnja u cilju ostvarivanja većih prinosa i kvalitetnijeg semena. Naime zakonska regulativa iz ove oblasti striktno propisuje uslove kvaliteta neophodnih da bi seme moglo da bude stavljeno u promet. Analiza proizvodnje semena izvršena je za 3 najznačajnija ZP hibrida kukuruza: ZP 341, ZP 434 i ZP 677 u 2007. godini kod 24 proizvođača. Manji deo ove proizvodnje bio je u uslovima navodnjavanja (315 ha ili 17%), a preostalih 1.573 ha (83 %) u suvom ratarenju. Utvrđeno je da su prinosi znatno manji u suvom ratarenju, što se odrazilo na zastupljenost frakcija semena u ukupnom prinosu i masi 1000 semena. Prosečan prinos hibrida ZP 341 na 266 ha bio je 2.615 kg/ha. Od ukupnog prinosa sitnije frakcije semena (6,5 - 8,3 mm) bilo je 52,5%, sa masom 1000 semena 269,3 g. Krupnije frakcije semena ( lt 8,3 - 11 mm) bilo je 47,5 % i masom 1000 semena od 342,4 g. Prosečan prinos hibrida ZP 434 na 1 266 ha bio je 2.309 kg/ha. Od ukupnog prinosa sitnija frakcija semena bila je zastupljena sa 48,3% i imala masu 1000 semena 268,4 g. Krupnija frakcija semena obuhvatila je 51,7%, sa masom 1000 semena od 344,3 g. Prosečan prinos hibrida ZP 677 na 365 ha bio je 2.971 kg/ha. Sitnije frakcije semena bilo je 85,5%, a njena masa 1000 semena 282,3 g, dok je krupnije frakcije semena bilo 14,5%, a masa 1000 semena 333,5 g

Biofizička i genetička svojstva prestižnih inbred linija i hibrida kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova

This study confirms the hypothesis that there are elite maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves, which have a dominant property of an efficient photosynthetic and fluorescent model that is successfully used in modern breeding programmes and the production hybrid seed and commercial maize. This statement is supported by the displayed results on the erect top leaves, the dynamics of grain dry-down during the maturation period and photosynthetic and florescence parameters: the temperature dependence of the delayed chlorophyll fluorescence intensity, the Arrhenius criterion for the determination of critical temperatures (phase transition temperatures) and the activation energies. The presented results show that properties of observed maize inbreds and their hybrids are based on the nature of conformational and functional changes that occur in their thylakoid membranes and other chemical tissues structures of grain and intact leaves, as well as, on positive effects in maize breeding. Moreover, other relevant significant breeding and seed production properties (commercial maize quality over grain structure, physical and chemical parameters) of maize inbred lines and their hybrids were analyzed in the present study.Proučavane su četiri prestižne inbred linije kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova: ZPPL 16, ZPPL 218, ZPPL 62 i ZPPL 233. Ove linije su, kao majka ili otac, uključene u stvaranje više od 50 hibrida kukuruza. U tekućem srednjeročnom periodu široku komercijalnu primenu našao je veći broj hibrida kukuruza: ZP 341, ZP 360, ZP 434, ZP 578, ZP 606, ZP 677, ZP 684 i drugi. U ovom radu analizirani su samo reprezentativni hibridi kukuruza: ZP 341 (FAO 300), ZP 434 (FAO 400), ZP 578 (FAO 500) i ZP 684 (FAO 600). Ovim radom potvrđuje se naša hipoteza da postoje elitne inbred linije i hibridi kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova, koji poseduju dominantno svojstvo efikasnog fotosintetično-fluorescentnog modela i uspešno se koriste u savremenim programima oplemenjivanja, proizvodnji hibridnog semena i merkantilnog kukuruza. Ovaj zaključak dobijen je uz primenu neinvazivnog fotosintetično-fluorescentnog metoda pogodnog za ocenu efikasnosti fotomodela. Dobijene fotosintetične karakteristike proučavanih prestižnih inbred linija kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova zasnovane su na efektima i prirodi promena zakasnele fluorescencije hlorofila koje se odigravaju u njihovim tilakoidnim membranama, čiji su pokazatelji temperaturna zavisnost intenziteta zakasnele fluorescencije hlorofila, Arenijusov kriterijum za utvrđivanje kritičnih temperatura (temperature faznih prelaza) u tilakoidnim membranama i energije aktivacije. Izloženi rezultati o veličini ugla između pravca prostiranja prvog lista iznad klipa i pravca prostiranja stabljike, kao i rezultati o dinamici oslobađanja vode iz zrna u periodu njegovog sazrevanja dodatno pokazuju da su svojstva proučavanih inbred linija kukuruza sa uspravnim položajem vršnih listova pogodni kriterijumi za egzaktniji, racionalniji i brži proces oplemenjivanja. Takođe su analizirana i druga relevantna selekciona i semenarska svojstva proučavanih prestižnih inbred linija i hibrida kukuruza (kvalitet merkantilnog kukuruza preko strukture zrna, fizičkih i hemijskih parametara)

Svojstva novih inbred linija i hibrida kukuruza sa efikasnim fotosintetičkim funkcijama

This study confirms the hypothesis that there are new elite maize inbred lines and prospective hybrids, which have a dominant property of an efficient photosynthetic model that is successfully used in breeding programmes, modern technologies of the seed and commercial maize production. This statement is supported by the displayed results on the erect position of the top leaves of new maize inbred lines and photosynthetic and florescence parameters: the change of the delayed chlorophyll fluorescence intensity during its course and dynamics, the Arrhenius criterion for the determination of critical temperatures (phase transition temperatures) and the activation energies, as a measure of conformational changes in chloroplasts the thylakoid membrane. Furthermore, a grain structure, including its physical and chemical parameters, of new maize inbred lines was analysed in the present study. Also, relevant breeding, seed production and technological traits, properties and parameters of new inbred lines and prospective maize hybrids were observed in the present study. The presented results show that properties of new inbred lines and prospective maize hybrids are based on the nature of conformational and functional changes that occur in their chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes, as well as, on progressive effects in maize breeding, modern hybrid seed production and the commercial maize production.U ovom radu vršena su proučavanja novih elitnih inbred linija kukuruza: ZPPL 218 i ZPPL 318 i perspektivnih hibrida kukuruza ZP 600, ZP 606 i ZP 666 stvorenih iz njih. Pokazano je da se potvrđuje naša hipoteza da nove elitne inbred linije i perspektivni hibridi kukuruza poseduju dominantno svojstvo efikasnog fotosintetičnog modela što se uspešno koristi u oplemenjivanju, savremenim tehnologijama proizvodnje hibridnog semena i merkantilnog kukuruza. Ovoj konstataciji idu u prilog izloženi rezultati o uspravnom položaju vršnih listova novih inbred linija kukuruza i o fotosintetički-fluorescentnim pokazateljima: promeni intenziteta zakasnele fluorescencije hlorofila u njenom toku i dinamici, Arenijusovom kriterijumu za određivanje kritičnih temperature (temperature faznih prelaza) i o energiji aktivacije kao meri strukturnih promena u hloroplastima i tilakoidnoj membrani. U radu se analiziraju struktura zrna uključujući i njegove fizičke i hemijske pokazatelje novih inbred linija kukuruza. Isto tako, u radu se razmatraju relevantna selekcionarska, semenarska i tehnološka svojstva, karakteristike i parametri novih inbred linija i perspektivnih hibrida kukuruza. Ukupno izloženi rezultati pokazuju da su svojstva novih inbred linija i perspektivnih hibrida kukuruza, zasnovana na prirodi strukturnih i funkcionalnih promena koje se odigravaju u hloroplastima i tilakoidnim membranama, kao i na progresivnim efektima u oplemenjivanju, savremenoj proizvodnji hibridnog semena i merkatilnog kukuruza