Design and implementation of the European-Mediterranean Postgraduate Programme on Organ Donation and Transplantation (EMPODaT) for Middle East/North Africa countries

This prospective study reports the design and results obtained after the EMPODaT project implementation. This project was funded by the Tempus programme of the European Commission with the objective to implement a common postgraduate programme on organ donation and transplantation (ODT) in six selected universities from Middle East/North Africa (MENA) countries (Egypt, Lebanon and Morocco). The consortium, coordinated by the University of Barcelona, included universities from Spain, Germany, Sweden and France. The first phase of the project was to perform an analysis of the current situation in the beneficiary countries, including existing training programmes on ODT, Internet connection, digital facilities and competences, training needs, and ODT activity and accreditation requirements. A total of 90 healthcare postgraduate students participated in the 1-year training programme (30 ECTS academic credits). The methodology was based on e-learning modules and face-to-face courses in English and French. Training activities were evaluated through pre- and post-tests, self-assessment activities and evaluation charts. Quality was assessed through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The project results on a reproducible and innovative international postgraduate programme, improvement of knowledge, satisfaction of the participants and confirms the need on professionalizing the activity as the cornerstone to ensure organ transplantation self-sufficiency in MENA countries

Contribution a l'etude du mecanisme antiproliferatif de la somatostatine sur la lignee cellulaire pancreatique tumorale AR4-2J: mise en evidence d'une activite phosphotyrosine phosphatase

SIGLEINIST T 73187 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Aspects épidémiologiques, nutritionnels et anatomopathologiques des cancers colorectaux dans la région du grand Casablanca

Introduction: le cancer colorectal constitue un problème majeur de santé publique. L’objectif de notre étude est d’analyser le profil épidémiologique, nutritionnel, clinique et anatomo-pathologique des cancers colorectaux recrutés au CHU de Casablanca. Méthodes: notre étude cas-témoins a porté sur les patients pris en charge pour un cancer colorectal durant l’année 2015, comparés à des témoins non suivi pour un cancer. Résultats: l’âge moyen des patients était de 56,65 ans avec un écart type de 14,64. Le type histologique le plus fréquent chez nos patients était représenté par l’adénocarcinome Lieberkhünien avec une proportion de 82 %. L’analyse de l’indice de masse corporelle a permis de retrouver une obésité chez 50% des patients contre 20% des témoins et un diabète chez 19% des patients versus 8% des témoins (p < 0,019). Par ailleurs, l’étude du régime alimentaire des patients comparé à celui des témoins semble montrer que la moyenne de la fréquence de consommation hebdomadaire de viandes rouges est plus élevée chez les patients que chez les témoins (4,24 vs 3,26; p = 0,009) et inversement pour la consommation du poissons (0,97 contre 1,76; p = 0,0001). En revanche, la moyenne de consommation des légumes et des fruits est plus faible chez les patients que chez les témoins (5,00 vs 9,50; p = 0,0001). Concernant les habitudes toxiques de nos patients, 32% des patients étaient fumeurs vs 13 % des témoins. Conclusion: nos résultats montrent que la prise de conscience à propos du régime alimentaire et des changements dans nos habitudes de vie pourrait réduire l’incidence du cancer colorectal et par conséquent la mortalité et la morbidité

Sirtuin-2 Activity is Required for Glioma Stem Cell Proliferation Arrest but not Necrosis Induced by Resveratrol

International audienceGlioblastomas, the most common form of primary brain tumors, are the fourth cause of death by cancer in adults. Increasing evidences suggest that glioblastoma resistance to existing radio- and chemotherapies rely on glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are endowed with a unique combination of stem-like properties alike to normal neural stem cells (NSCs), and of tumor initiating properties. The natural polyphenol resveratrol is known to exert opposite actions on neural cells according to their normal or cancerous status. Here, we used resveratrol to explore the molecular mechanisms differing between GSCs and NSCs. We observed a dual action of resveratrol on GSCs: resveratrol blocked GSC proliferation up to 150 mu M and induced their necrosis at higher doses. On the opposite, resveratrol had no effect on NSC behavior. To determine the mechanisms underlying resveratrol effects, we focused our attention on the family of NAD-dependent deacetylases sirtuins (SIRT). A member of this family, SIRT1, has been repetitively shown to constitute a preferential resveratrol target, at least in normal cells. Western blot analysis showed that SIRT1 and SIRT3 were expressed by both GSCs and NSCs whereas SIRT2 expression was restricted to GSCs. Pharmacological blockade of SIRT2 activity or down-regulation of SIRT2 expression with siRNAs counteracted the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on cell proliferation. On the contrary, inhibition of SIRT2 activity or expression did not counteract GSC necrosis observed in presence of high doses of resveratrol. Our results highlight SIRT2 as a novel target for altering GSC properties

Anti-inflammatory potential of Capparis spinosa L. in vivo in mice through inhibition of cell infiltration and cytokine gene expression

Abstract Background Several chronic inflammatory diseases are characterized by inappropriate CD4+ T cell response. In the present study, we assessed the ability of Capparis spinosa L. (CS) preparation to orientate, in vivo, the immune response mediated by CD4+ T cells towards an anti-inflammatory response. Methods The in vivo study was carried out by using the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model in Swiss mice. Then we performed a histological analysis followed by molecular study by using real time RT-PCR. We also realized a phytochemical screening and a liquid-liquid separation of CS preparation. Results Our study allowed us to detect a significantly reduced edema in mice treated with CS preparations relative to control. CS effect was dose dependent, statistically similar to that observed with indomethacin, independent of the plant genotype and of the period of treatment. Furthermore, our histology studies revealed that CS induced a significant decrease in immune cell infiltration, in vasodilatation and in dermis thickness in the inflammatory site. Interestingly, we showed that CS operated by inhibiting cytokine gene expression including IFN\u3b3, IL-17 and IL-4. Besides, phytochemical screening of CS extract showed the presence of several chemical families such as saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids. One (hexane fraction) out of the three distinct prepared fractions, exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of the raw preparation, and would likely contain the bioactive(s) molecule(s). Conclusions Altogether, our data indicate that CS regulates inflammation induced in vivo in mice and thus could be a source of anti-inflammatory molecules, which could be used in some T lymphocyte-dependent inflammatory diseases

Additional file 3: of Anti-inflammatory potential of Capparis spinosa L. in vivo in mice through inhibition of cell infiltration and cytokine gene expression

Raw data relative to Fig. 3. (XLSX 11 kb