Effect of oxidoreduction potential and of gas bubbling on rheological properties and microstructure of acid skim milk gels acidified with glucono-delta-lactone

Milk oxidoreduction potential was modified using gases during the production of a model dairy product and its effect on gel setting was studied. Acidification by glucono-δ-lactone was used to examine the physicochemistry of gelation and to avoid variations due to microorganisms sensitive to oxidoreduction potential.Four conditions of oxidoreduction potential were appliedto milk: milk was gassed with air, nongassed, gassed with N2, or gassed with N2H2. The rheologicalproperties and microstructure of these gels were determined using viscoelasticimetry, measurement of whey separation, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. It appeared that a reducing environment led to less-aggregated proteins within the matrix and consequently decreased whey separation significantly. The use of gas to modify oxidoreduction potential is a possible way to improve the quality of dairy products

Manganese(iv) oxamato-catalyzed oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones by dioxygen and pivalaldehyde

A new manganese(IV) oxamato complex possessing a bis(moxo) dimanganese core has been synthesized, magnetically and structurally characterized, and found to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones with cooxidation of pivalaldehyde to pivalic acid with good yields and high selectivities.Ruiz Garcia, Rafael, [email protected] ; Fernandez Picot, Isabel, [email protected] ; Pedro Llinares, Jose Ramon, [email protected] ; Rosello Arce, Antonio Luis, [email protected] ; Castro Bleda, Isabel, [email protected]

QUEST: A New Frontiers Uranus Orbiter Mission Concept Study

The ice giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, are fundamentally different from the gas giant and terrestrial planets. Though ice giants represent the most common size of exoplanet and possess characteristics that challenge our understanding of the way our solar system formed and evolved, they remain the only class of planetary object without a dedicated spacecraft mission. The inclusion of a Uranus orbiter as the third highest priority Flagship mission in the NASA Planetary Science Decadal Survey “Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013–2022” indicates a high level of support for exploration of the ice giants by the planetary science community. However, given the substantial costs associated with a flagship mission, it is critical to explore lower cost options if we intend to visit Uranus within an ideal launch window of 2029 - 2034 when a Jupiter gravity assist becomes available. In this paper, we describe the Quest to Uranus to Explore Solar System Theories (QUEST), a New Frontiers class Uranus orbiter mission concept study performed at the 30th Annual NASA/JPL Planetary Science Summer Seminar. The proposed QUEST platform is a spin-stabilized spacecraft designed to undergo highly elliptical, polar orbits around Uranus during a notional one-year primary science mission. The proposed major science goals of the mission are (1) to use Uranus as a natural laboratory to better understand the dynamos that drive magnetospheres in the solar system and beyond and (2) to identify the energy transport mechanisms in Uranus' magnetic, atmospheric, and interior environments in contrast with the other giant planets. With substantial mass, power, and cost margins, this mission concept demonstrates a compelling, feasible option for a New Frontiers Uranus orbiter mission

Titan: Earth-like on the outside, ocean world on the inside

Thanks to the Cassini-Huygens mission, Titan, the pale orange dot of Pioneer and Voyager encounters, has been revealed to be a dynamic, hydrologically shaped, organic-rich ocean world offering unparalleled opportunities to explore prebiotic chemistry. And while Cassini-Huygens revolutionized our understanding of each of the three "layers" of Titan-the atmosphere, the surface, and the interior-we are only beginning to hypothesize how these realms interact. In this paper, we summarize the current state of Titan knowledge and discuss how future exploration of Titan would address some of the next decade's most compelling planetary science questions. We also demonstrate why exploring Titan, both with and beyond the Dragonfly New Frontiers mission, is a necessary and complementary component of an Ocean Worlds Program that seeks to understand whether habitable environments exist elsewhere in our solar system

Reduction of the number of spectral bands in LANDSAT images with projection methods: Pertinence of the resulting Information

Dans cet article, nous présentons des techniques de projection de données, linéaires et non linéaires, que nous avons utilisées afin de réduire le nombre de bandes spectrales à traiter dans des images multispectrales de type Landsat. Les méthodes présentées sont l'Analyse en Composantes Curvilignes (ACC, méthode non linéaire), ainsi qu'une optimisation de celle-ci (appelée ACCinitACP) obtenue à partir de l'Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP, méthode linéaire). Afin d'évaluer la pertinence de l'information restante après réduction du nombre de bandes spectrales, nous avons appliqué une segmentation sur les images originales et sur les images réduites par chaque méthode de projection. Nous avons ainsi pu constater que l'organisation du paysage est préservée par ces transformations. Cet article montre en outre les résultats suivants : l'ACC est un outil très intéressant pour le traitement des images multispectrales ; l'ACC peut réellement être considérée comme une extension non-linéaire de l'ACP ; l'ACCinitACP donne des résultats identiques à ceux de l'ACC tout en réduisant les temps de calculs de la transformation..This paper describes applications of linear and nonlinear projection methods, in order to obtain a reduction of the number of spectral bands in LANDSAT multispectral images. We present Curvilinear Component Analysis (CCA, nonlinear method) and an optimisation of it based on the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA, linear method). In order to evaluate the pertinence of the information kept by each transformation, we then apply segmentation on the transformed and original images. This processing allows us to show that the structure (the landscape organization) of the image is preserved by each transformation. This paper tends to show several results: CCA is an improvement for dimensions reduction of multispectral images; CCA is really a nonlinear extension of PCA; CCA optimisation through PCA (called CCAinitPCA) allows a reduction of the calculations, providing a result identical to that of CCA.. Keywords: Télédétection, imagerie multispectrale, méthodes de projection, segmentation; Remote sensing, multispectral image processing, projection methods, segmentation.. Journal des Sciences Pour l\'Ingénieur. Vol. 7 2006: pp. 10-1

Enrichissement de la dimension des données factuelles pour la conception de modèles multidimensionnels: application à la biodiversité des oiseaux

International audienceData warehouses (DW) and OLAP systems are technologies allowing the on-line analysis of huge volume of data according to decision-makers' needs. Designing DW involves taking into account functional requirements and data sources (mixed design methodology). But, for complex applications, existing automatic design methodologies seem inecient. In some cases, decisionmakers need querying, as a dimension, data which have been defined as facts by actual automatic mixed approachs. Therefore, in this paper, we offer a new mixed renement methodology relevant to constellation multidimensional schema. The proposed methodolgy allows to decisionmakers to enrich a dimension with factual data. In order to validate our theoretical proposals, we have implemented an enrichment tool and we have tested it on a real case study from bird biodiversit

Une méthodologie et un outil pour le prototypage rapide des entrepôts de données en utilisant le data mining : application à la biodiversité des oiseaux

International audienceData Warehouses (DWs) are large repositories of data aimed at supporting the decision-making process by enabling flexible and interactive analyses via OLAP systems. Rapid prototyping of DWs is necessary when OLAP applications are complex. Some work about the integration of Data Mining and OLAP systems has been done to enhance OLAP operators with mined indicators, and/or to define the DW schema. However, to best of our knowledge, prototyping methods for DWs do not support this kind of integration. Then, in this paper we present a new prototyping methodology for DWs, extending [3], where DM methods are used to define the DW schema. We validate our approach on a real data set concerning bird biodiversit

Méthodologie mixte de conception de schémas multidimensionnels basée sur le clustering hiérarchique

International audienceData warehouses (DW) and OLAP systems are business intelligence technologies allowing the on-line analysis of huge volume of data according to users’ needs. The success of DW projects essentially depends on the design phase where functional requirements meet data sources (mixed design methodology). However, when dealing with complex applications existing design methodologies seem inefficient since decision-makers define functional requirements that cannot be deduced from data sources (data driven approach) and/or they have not sufficient application domain knowledge (user driven approach). Therefore, in this paper we propose a new mixed refinement design methodology where the classical data-driven approach is enhanced with data mining to create new dimensions hierarchies. A tool implementing our approach is also presented to validate our theoretical proposal