Reversible jump MCMC for two-state multivariate Poisson mixtures

summary:The problem of identifying the source from observations from a Poisson process can be encountered in fault diagnostics systems based on event counters. The identification of the inner state of the system must be made based on observations of counters which entail only information on the total sum of some events from a dual process which has made a transition from an intact to a broken state at some unknown time. Here we demonstrate the general identifiability of this problem in presence of multiple counters

Topographic and electronic contrast of the graphene moir\'e on Ir(111) probed by scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy

Epitaxial graphene grown on transition metal surfaces typically exhibits a moir\'e pattern due to the lattice mismatch between graphene and the underlying metal surface. We use both scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments to probe the electronic and topographic contrast of the graphene moir\'e on the Ir(111) surface. While STM topography is influenced by the local density of states close to the Fermi energy and the local tunneling barrier height, AFM is capable of yielding the 'true' surface topography once the background force arising from the van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the tip and the substrate is taken into account. We observe a moir\'e corrugation of 35$\pm$10 pm, where the graphene-Ir(111) distance is the smallest in the areas where the graphene honeycomb is atop the underlying iridium atoms and larger on the fcc or hcp threefold hollow sites.Comment: revised versio

Nurse competence provides more individuality in the care of older hospitalized people

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess Registered Nurses' perceptions of general nurse competence, patient-centred care competence, and individuality in the care of older patients and to explore their associations. Design: A descriptive correlative survey. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires at one Finnish university hospital during winter 2016-2017 amongst Registered Nurses (n = 223) and analyzedd statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Pearson's correlations coefficients) and path analysis. Results: Registered Nurses assessed their general competence, patient-centred care competenc,e and individuality in the care of older patients at a good level. The Path model confirmed general nurse competence was a predictor of patient-centred care competence, which in turn was a predictor of individuality in the nursing care of older patients. The novelty lies in empirical confirmation of the association between nurse competence and individuality in the care. Increasing competence may enhance individuality in the care of older people and enable interventions to support care outcomes.Peer reviewe

PERCEIVED INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND PSYCHOSOCIAL WORK ENVIRONMENT IN OFFICE, SCHOOL AND HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENTS IN FINLAND

Objectives: The study examined the extent and prevalence of perceived indoor environment-related (IE-related) symptoms environmental complaints and psychosocial work environmental factors in Finnish office, school and health care environments. Material and Methods: The data were collected from non-industrial workplaces (N = 455) in 2011-2012 and 2015-2017 using the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health's Indoor Air Questionnaire (IA Questionnaire). Suspicion of IE-related problems was reported in 59% of workplaces. The data consisted of 28 826 employees' responses. Results: The employees reported symptoms and environmental discomfort in office environments less often than in school or health care environments. The most often reported IE-related complaints were stuffy air (39% of respondents), dry air (34%) and insufficient ventilation (33%). The most often reported symptoms were irritation of the nose (27% of respondents), irritation of the eyes (26%), and hoarse or dry throat (24%). The results showed differences between the perceived IE in office, school and health care environments. Conclusions: Compared to earlier findings, the most often perceived IE-related symptoms and complaints have increased in Finnish health care environments. The office employees' perceptions of psychosocial work environment remained fairly unchanged whereas health care personnel more often assessed their psychosocial environment as positive compared to previous reports. Instead of exact reference values, comparing the results of IA Questionnaires with the distributions and mean values of the results of this study may be more informative for those striving to solve IE-related problems. The presented distribution and mean values of perceived symptoms, environmental complaints and psychosocial work environment might help to relate the results to other workplaces. This, in turn, might increase the understanding that IA Questionnaire results are influenced by many factors. The results presented can be used as new reference material when interpreting the results of IA Questionnaires in office, school and health care environments.Peer reviewe

Long term cycling behavior of Mg-doped LiCoO2 materials investigated with the help of laboratory scale X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy

The use of Li-ion batteries is increasing rapidly. Understanding the processes behind active material aging helps to enhance the materials, and therefore, development of new in situ methods for structural studies is important. In addition, understanding the effect of different synthesis methods on the active material properties is necessary to optimize the material cycle life. In this work, the performance of LiCoO2 doped with Mg during the lithiation step is compared to LiCoO2 prepared using an Mg-doped Co3O4 precursor. In situ laboratory-scale X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy is used to analyze the Co valence changes in LiCoO2 to understand the electrochemical behavior of the investigated materials. The maximum reachable Co valence state is found to decrease upon aging, a small decrease indicating a good cycle-life, and this is attributed to the enhanced stacking order, better Mg distribution in the lattice, and fine primary particle size in the material. In the synthesis conditions used in this study, Mg doping during the lithiation step is shown to perform better compared to the precursor doping. Overlithiation is shown to reduce the electrochemical performance of nondoped and precursor-doped LiCoO2 materials but not to affect the cyclability of lithiation-doped LiCoO2. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Understanding the Stabilizing Effects of Nanoscale Metal Oxide and Li–Metal Oxide Coatings on Lithium-Ion Battery Positive Electrode Materials

Nickel-rich layered oxides, such as LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NMC622), are high-capacity electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, this material faces issues, such as poor durability at high cut-off voltages (>4.4 V vs Li/Li+), which mainly originate from an unstable electrode-electrolyte interface. To reduce the side reactions at the interfacial zone and increase the structural stability of the NMC622 materials, nanoscale (Peer reviewe

Electronic and magnetic characterization of epitaxial CrBr3_3 monolayers

The ability to imprint a given material property to another through proximity effect in layered two-dimensional materials has opened the way to the creation of designer materials. Here, we use molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) for a direct synthesis of a superconductor-magnet hybrid heterostructure by combining superconducting niobium diselenide (NbSe$_2$) with the monolayer ferromagnetic chromium tribromide (CrBr$_3$). Using different characterization techniques and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have confirmed that the CrBr$_3$ monolayer retains its ferromagnetic ordering with a magnetocrystalline anisotropy favoring an out-of-plane spin orientation. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements show a slight reduction of the superconducting gap of NbSe$_2$ and the formation of a vortex lattice on the CrBr$_3$ layer in experiments under an external magnetic field. Our results contribute to the broader framework of exploiting proximity effects to realize novel phenomena in 2D heterostructures

Systematic study of the physicochemical properties of a homologous series of aminobisphosphonates

ABSTRACT: Aminobisphosphonates, e.g., alendronate and neridronate, are a well known class of molecules used as drugs for various bone diseases. Although these molecules have been available for decades, a detailed understanding of their most important physicochemical properties under comparable conditions is lacking. In this study, ten aminobisphosphonates, H2N(CH2)nC(OH)[P(O)(OH)2]2, in which n = 2-5, 7-11 and 15 have been synthesized. Their aqueous solubility as a function of temperature and pH, pKa-values, thermal stability, IR absorptions, and NMR spectral data for both liquid (1H, 13C, 31P-NMR) and solid state (13C, 15N and 31P-CPMAS NMR) were determined.Peer reviewe