Characterization and application of objective pilling classification to patterned fabrics

Previously, the authors proposed a new, simple method of frequency domain analysis based on the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform to objectively measure the pilling intensity in sample fabric images. The method was further characterized, and the results obtained indicate that standard deviation and variance are the most appropriate measures of the dispersion of wavelet details coefficients for analysis, that the relationship between wavelet analysis scale and fabric inter-yarn pitch was empirically confirmed, and, that fabrics with random patterns do not appear to impact on the effectiveness of the analysis method. <br /

Digital Holography at Shot Noise Level

By a proper arrangement of a digital holography setup, that combines off-axis geometry with phase-shifting recording conditions, it is possible to reach the theoretical shot noise limit, in real-time experiments.We studied this limit, and we show that it corresponds to 1 photo-electron per pixel within the whole frame sequence that is used to reconstruct the holographic image. We also show that Monte Carlo noise synthesis onto holograms measured at high illumination levels enables accurate representation of the experimental holograms measured at very weak illumination levels. An experimental validation of these results is done

Exploring shot noise and Laser Doppler imagery with heterodyne holography

Heterodyne Holography is a variant of Digital Holography, where the optical frequencies of signal and reference arms can be freely adjusted by acousto-optic modulators. Heterodyne Holography is an extremely versatile and reliable holographic technique, which is able the reach the shot noise limit in sensitivity at very low levels of signal. Frequency tuning enables Heterodyne Holography to become a Laser Doppler imaging technique that is able to analyze various kinds of motion.Comment: Information Optics (WIO), 2010 9th Euro-American Workshop on, Helsinki : Finland (2010

Imaging velocities of a vibrating object by stroboscopic sideband holography

We propose here to combine sideband holography with stroboscopic illumination synchronized with the vibration of an object. By sweeping the optical frequency of the reference beam such a way the holographic detection is tuned on the successive sideband harmonic ranks, we are able to image the instantaneous velocities of the object. Since the stroboscopic illumination is made with an electronic device, the method is compatible with fast (up to several MHz) vibration motions. The method is demonstrated with a vibrating clarinet reed excited sinusoidally at 2 kHz, and a stroboscopic illumination with cyclic ratio 0.15. Harmonic rank up to n = $\pm$100 are detected, and a movie of the instantaneous velocities is reported

Three dimensional tracking of gold nanoparticles using digital holographic microscopy

In this paper we present a digital holographic microscope to track gold colloids in three dimensions. We report observations of 100nm gold particles in motion in water. The expected signal and the chosen method of reconstruction are described. We also discuss about how to implement the numerical calculation to reach real-time 3D tracking

Naming and discovery in networks : architecture and economics

In less than three decades, the Internet was transformed from a research network available to the academic community into an international communication infrastructure. Despite its tremendous success, there is a growing consensus in the research community that the Internet has architectural limitations that need to be addressed in a effort to design a future Internet. Among the main technical limitations are the lack of mobility support, and the lack of security and trust. The Internet, and particularly TCP/IP, identifies endpoints using a location/routing identifier, the IP address. Coupling the endpoint identifier to the location identifier hinders mobility and poorly identifies the actual endpoint. On the other hand, the lack of security has been attributed to limitations in both the network and the endpoint. Authentication for example is one of the main concerns in the architecture and is hard to implement partly due to lack of identity support. The general problem that this dissertation is concerned with is that of designing a future Internet. Towards this end, we focus on two specific sub-problems. The first problem is the lack of a framework for thinking about architectures and their design implications. It was obvious after surveying the literature that the majority of the architectural work remains idiosyncratic and descriptions of network architectures are mostly idiomatic. This has led to the overloading of architectural terms, and to the emergence of a large body of network architecture proposals with no clear understanding of their cross similarities, compatibility points, their unique properties, and architectural performance and soundness. On the other hand, the second problem concerns the limitations of traditional naming and discovery schemes in terms of service differentiation and economic incentives. One of the recurring themes in the community is the need to separate an entity\u27s identifier from its locator to enhance mobility and security. Separation of identifier and locator is a widely accepted design principle for a future Internet. Separation however requires a process to translate from the identifier to the locator when discovering a network path to some identified entity. We refer to this process as identifier-based discovery, or simply discovery, and we recognize two limitations that are inherent in the design of traditional discovery schemes. The first limitation is the homogeneity of the service where all entities are assumed to have the same discovery performance requirements. The second limitation is the inherent incentive mismatch as it relates to sharing the cost of discovery. This dissertation addresses both subproblems, the architectural framework as well as the naming and discovery limitations

Video-rate laser Doppler vibrometry by heterodyne holography

We report a demonstration video-rate heterodyne holography in off-axis configuration. Reconstruction and display of 1 Megapixel holograms is achieved at 24 frames per second, with a graphics processing unit. Our claims are validated with real-time screening of steady-state vibration amplitudes in a wide-field, non-contact vibrometry experiment.Comment: Optics Letters (2011) 00

Holographic microscopy for the three-dimensional exploration of light scattering from gold nanomarkers in biological media

The 3D structure of light scattering from dark-field illuminated live 3T3 cells marked with 40 nm gold nanomarkers is explored. For this purpose, we use a high resolution holographic microscope combining the off-axis heterodyne geometry and the phase-shifting acquisition of the digital holograms. Images are obtained using a novel 3D reconstruction method providing longitudinally undistorted 3D images. A comparative study of the 3D reconstructions of the scattered fields allows us to locate the gold markers which yield, contrarily to the cellular structures, well defined bright scattering patterns that are not angularly titled and clearly located along the optical axis. This characterization is an unambiguous signature of the presence of the gold biological nanomarkers, and validates the capability of digital holographic microscopy to discriminate them from background signals in live cells