Identification of Vrn genes in Croatian wheat varieties

Niske temperature u odreĊenim fazama razvoja ţitarica su potrebne kako bi došlo do klasanja i formiranja zrna, što izravno utjeĉe i na prinos. Cilj ovog istraţivanja bio je ispitati genetsku varijabilnost Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-B3 te Vrn-D1 genlokusa u 23 hrvatska ozima i 17 stranih kultivara korištenjem molekularnih markera. Gen Vrn-A1 se sastoji od ĉetiri razliĉite alelne varijante. Vrn-A1a alel pronaĊen je u jednom hrvatskom kultivaru (4,35%), te u dva strana (11,76%). U šest hrvatskih (26,10%) kultivara utvrĊen je Vrn-A1b (ili Vrn-A1c) alel, dok kod stranih nije pronaĊen ni u jednom kultivaru. Recesivni vrn-A1 alel pronaĊen je u 16 kultivara (69,6%) hrvatskog podrijetla te u svim stranim kultivarima. Na Vrn-B1 lokusu pronaĊen je recesivni vrn-B1 alel u 20 hrvatskih (87%) i 16 (94,08%) stranih kultivara, dok je recesivni vrn-B3 alel pronaĊen u ĉak 22 hrvatska kultivara (95,7%), te u svih 17 stranih. Dominantni Vrn-D1 alel nije pronaĊen u hrvatskim kultivarima, a u stranim pronaĊen je samo u kultivaru Chinese Spring (5,88%). U svim hrvatskim kultivarima identificiran je recesivni vrn-D1 alel te u 14 stranih kultivara (82,32%).Low temperatures during different developmental stages of cereals are needed in order for them to emergence and form kernel, thus they have a direct influence on a yield. The aim of this study was to examine genetic variability of Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-B3 and Vrn-D1 loci at 23 Croatian winter and 17 foreign wheat varieties using molecular markers. The Vrn-A1 gene, was identified with four different combinations of alleles. The Vrn-A1a allele was found in one Croatian wheat variety (4.35%) and in two foreign wheat varieties (11.76%). In six Croatian wheat varieties (26.10%) Vrn-A1b (or Vrn-A1c) allele was identified, while in terms of foreign wheat varieties there were no latter alleles. A recessive vrn-A1 allele was found in 16 wheat varieties of Croatian origin (69.6%) and in all foreign varieties. A recessive vrn-B1 was found on the Vrn-B1 locus in 20 Croatian (87%) and 16 foreign (94.08%) varieties, while a recessive vrn-B3 on the latter was found in 22 Croatian wheat varieties (95.7%), and in all foreign varieties. The dominant Vrn-D1 allele was not found in any of Croatian wheat varieties, while in terms of foreign varieties it was found only in Chinese Spring variety (5.88%). A recessive vrn-D1 allele was identified in all Croatian wheat varieties, while it was found only in 14 foreign varieties (82.32%)

Control system for organic farming in the Republic of Croatia

Kontrolni sustav ekološke poljoprivrede u Republici Hrvatskoj postavljen je na način da prati pravila koja su definirana na razini Europske Unije i koja su pristupanjem RH u Europsku Uniju, postala obavezna za sve poljoprivredne proizvođače koji svoje proizvode žele staviti na tržište s oznakama za ekološku proizvodnju. Važnost ekološke proizvodnje prepoznata je na svim razinama zakonodavne vlasti, te se konstantnim praćenjem razvoja poljoprivredne proizvodnje, razvijaju i pravila koja definiranju ekološku proizvodnju. Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, kao nadležna institucija, zaduženo je za uspostavu kontrolnog sustava, počevši od samostalne organizacijske jedinice unutar Ministarstva, do privatnih kontrolnih tijela koja rade po ovlaštenju Ministarstva poljoprivrede. U kontrolni sustav ekološke proizvodnje uključena su još i Carinska uprava, Državni inspektorat i APPRRR. Privatna kontrolna tijela obavezna su dokazivati Ministarstvu, Akreditacijskoj agenciji i Državnom inspektoratu, stalnu sukladnost s pravilima postavljenim Uredbama i nacionalnim propisima, a sve u svrhu održavanja ovlaštenja i dokazivanja usklađenosti postupka kontrole i izdavanja certifikata. S druge strane, ekološki subjekti obavezni su svoju proizvodnju podvrgnuti intenzivnom sustavu kontrole proizvodnje i dokumentacijske provjere kako bi dokazali stalnu usklađenost s postavljenim pravilima proizvodnje. Od iznimne je važnosti da se pravila proizvodnje poštuju tijekom cijelog ciklusa proizvodnje, pripreme i stavljanja proizvoda na tržište što se na kraju potvrđuje izdavanjem certifikata o ekološkom proizvodu. Cilj rada je prikazati sve akte koje se odnose na sustav ekološke proizvodnje, te na jednom mjestu dati prikaz osnovnih pravila proizvodnje i smjernice za uspješnu certifikaciju ekoloških proizvođača kao i prikaz u kojem od njih se nalaze neki od osnovnih uvjeta ekološke proizvodnje.The control system for organic agriculture in the Republic of Croatia was established in such a way that it follows the rules defined at the level of the European Union, which became binding for all those wishing to place their products on the market with the label for organic production when the Republic of Croatia joined the European Union. The importance of organic farming is recognised at all levels of the legislature, and by constantly monitoring the development of agricultural production, rules defining organic farming are also developed. As the competent institution, the Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for establishing a control system, ranging from an independent organisational unit within the Ministry to private control bodies operating under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture. The control system of organic production also includes customs administration, state inspection and APPRRR. The private control bodies are obliged to prove to the Ministry, the Accreditation Agency and the State Inspection the constant compliance with the rules established in the regulations and national rules, in order to maintain the accreditation and to prove the compliance with the control procedure and the issuance of certificates. On the other hand, organic farms are obliged to subject their production to an intensive system of production controls and documentation checks in order to demonstrate constant compliance with the established production rules. It is extremely important that the production rules are respected during the whole cycle of production, preparation and marketing, which is finally confirmed by the issuance of a certificate

Status nematoda korijenovih kvržica roda Meloidogyne u Hrvatskoj, s posebnim osvrtom na karantenske vrste

Root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne belong to the most economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes and also to the most important plant pests that can cause significant economic losses in crop production. They are poly phagous, highly adapted, obligate endoparasites of nearly all higher plant species, including the important agricultural crops. Within the genus Meloidogyne, about one hundred species have been described, of which the four species-that is, the Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. hapla-are the important plant pests and the most widespread species worldwide. As of 2010, twenty-three species have been confirmed in Europe, of which three non-quarantine species have been detected in Croatia. Many nematode species of the genus Meloidogyne can be considered dangerous invasive pests in agriculture, as they can spread rapidly due to the global trade, changing production technologies leading to a reduced use of pesticides, and climatic changes. To prevent or to limit the introduction and spread of the three species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax, and M. enterolobii, respectively, were entered in the European list of quarantine nematodes. The species M. mali is incorporated in the EPPO A2 quarantine list, in addition to the three aforementioned species, while the M. ethiopica, M. luci, and M. graminicola are on the EPPO Alert List. It is expected that the tropical Meloidogyne species, for instance the M. enterolobii, M. ethiopica, and M. luci, as well as the M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica, will become the important pests in the temperate zones due to the new,) climatic conditions, more favorable for their development, which can pose a huge risk to the agricultural production. In Croatia, a wide distribution of nematode populations of the genus Meloidogyne spp. was con firmed, but a scientific knowledge about the species identification is very modest. Due to the variety of soil and climatic conditions present in Croatia, it is expected that more Meloidogyne species than those that are known so far will be detected in the future. This is one of the reasons for starting a more intensive monitoring of the Meloidogyne species in Croatia too.Nematode korijenovih kvržica iz roda Meloidogyne pripadaju ekonomski najvažnijoj skupini biljnoparazitskih nematoda i jedne su od najvažnijih biljnih štetnika koji mogu uzrokovati značajne ekonomske gubitke u biljnoj proizvodnji. Oni su polifagni, dobro prilagođeni, obligatni endoparaziti gotovo svih viših biljnih vrsta, uključujući i važne poljoprivredne kulture. Unutar roda Meloidogyne opisano je oko stotinu vrsta, od kojih su četiri vrste, Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria., M. javanica i M. hapla, važni štetnici u biljnoj proizvodnji i najrašireniji u svijetu. Od 2010. godine u Europi su potvrđene dvadeset tri vrste, od čega su u Hrvatskoj otkrivene tri nekarantenske vrste. Mnoge vrste nematoda iz roda Meloidogyne mogu se smatrati opasnim invazivnim štetnicima u poljoprivredi jer se mogu brzo širiti zbog globalne trgovine, promjena tehnologija u proizvodnji koje dovode do smanjene upotrebe pesticida i klimatskih promjena. Kako bi se spriječilo ili ograničilo unošenje i širenje triju vrsta nematoda korijenovih kvržica, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax i M. enterolobii uvrštene su na europski popis karantenskih nematoda. Vrsta M. mali uvrštena je na karantensku listu EPPO A2, uz tri navedene vrste, dok su M. ethiopica, M. luci i M. graminicola na popisu upozorenja (to jest na listi EPPO Alert). Očekuje se da će tropske vrste roda Meloidogyne poput M. enterolobii, M. ethiopica i M. luci, kao i M. incognita, M. arenaria i M. javanica, postati važni štetnici u umjerenim zonama zbog novih, povoljnijih (toplijih) klimatskih uvjeta za njihov razvoj, što može predstavljati velik rizik za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. U Hrvatskoj je potvrđena velika rasprostranjenost populacija nematoda roda Meloidogyne spp., ali su znanstvene spoznaje o identifikaciji vrsta vrlo skromne. Zbog raznolikosti tla i klimatskih uvjeta prisutnih u Hrvatskoj, očekujemo da ćemo u budućnosti pronaći više vrsta roda Meloidogyne negoli je dosada poznato. To je jedan od razloga za početak intenzivnijega praćenja vrsta roda Meloidogyne u Hrvatskoj

The Communities of the Nematodes, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Soil’s Organic Matter in an Agroforestry Ecosystem in Croatia

An above‐ground plant diversity affects a below-ground biodiversity. A soil fauna diversity is important for the ecosystems’ sustainability. It reflects both the abiotic conditions and the soil’s biotic activity. This study’s objective was to assess the effect of an agroforestry system on the nematode abundance and trophic group distribution and on the bacterial and fungal abundance in the soil, as well as to analyze the links between a nematode abundance, trophic group patterns, soil’s microbiological status and the organic matter. A field experiment was conducted during two years in three treatments and three sampling periods. The treatments were as follows: an agricultural crop (C), a permanent walnut plantation (W), and a permanent walnut plantation with an agricultural crop (C + W). The nematodes were extracted, counted, processed and mounted on slides and ultimately determined and assigned to the trophic groups. The bacteria and fungi were extracted from the soil, grown on the plates, and counted. Our findings suggest that the studied agroforestry system (C+W) has exerted a positive effect on the soil nematodes, bacteria, and fungi, manifested as the statistically highest abundance of bacteria and fungi, but also as the highest abundance of nematodes and of a diversity of the nematode genera. The highest content of the organic matter was detected in the treatment C + W in the first sampling and in the treatments C + W and W in the second sampling. We have concluded that the combination of an agricultural crop and a permanent plantation has a great potential for better ecosystem stability and sustainability regardless of some deviations in our results. We believe that further research is necessary because the different agroforestry ecosystems may have different impacts on the soil fauna

Influence of vermicompost tea on the late blight of tomato appearance

Ekološki uzgoj povrća temelji se na zaštiti i ishrani biljaka organskim preparatima. Rajčica je jedna od najvažnijih uzgajanih povrtnica na našem području. Za ovo istraživanje rajčica je posađena na otovorenom, praćen je razvoj Phytophthora infestans te je utvrđen utjecaj vermikompostnog čaja na intenzitet bolesti, broj i masu plodova. U pokusu su ispitani tretmani: tretiranje rajčice vermikompostnim čajem zalijevanjem tla (Vz), zalijevanje tla i prskanje nadzemnog dijela biljke (Vz+Vp), tretiranje fungicidom Penncozeb 75 DG (F) i kontrola (K) bez primjene vermikompostnog čaja ili fungicida. Plamenjača se javila u slabijem intenzitetu, a indeks bolesti kretao se od 0,04 (Vz+Vp) do 0,08 u kontroli (K). Najveći prosječan broj plodova utvrđen je u tretmanu Vz+Vp, a statistički najmanji u kontroli (K). Tretman Vz+Vp pokazuje i statistički najbolji utjecaj na masu plodova, zatim ga slijede tretmani Vz i F, što potvrđuje pozitivan utjecan vermikompostnog čaja u odnosu na netretiranu rajčicu.Ecological vegetable cultivation uses organic preparations for protection and nutrition of plant. Tomato is one of the most important grown vegetables in our area. For this study tomatoes were planted on the open, development of Phytophthora infestans was monitored and the effect of vermicompost tea on the inten- sity of disease, number and mass of fruit was determined. The treatments were: treatment of tomato with vermicompost tea by applying water to the soil (Vz), by applying water to the soil and spraying the overground part of the plant (Vz + Vp), treatment with fungicide Penncozeb 75 DG (F) and control (K) without application of vermicompost tea or fungicide. Late blight infection had a lower intensity, and the disease index ranged from 0.04 (Vz + Vp) to 0.08 (K). The highest average number of fruits was determined in Vz + Vp treatment, while statistically lowest average number of fruits was determined in control treatment. Treatment Vz + Vp showed statistically the best effect on the mass of fruits, followed by treatments Vz and F, which confirms the positive influence of vermicompost tea compared to untreated tomato

Monitoring of leafhopper on grapevine (Scaphoideus titanus) and Flavescence dorée phytoplasma in vineyards of Ilok, in year 2018

Američki cvrčak (Scaphoideus titanus Ball.) jedini je poznati prirodni vektor zlatne žutice vinove loze. Hrani se sišući sokove iz floema vinove loze, pri čemu usvaja fitoplazmu (Flavescence dorée) koju unosi u svoj organizam i na taj način ju prenosi hranjenjem sa zaraženih na zdrave trsove. Za uspješno suzbijanje američkog cvrčka vrlo je bitno poznavati njegovu biologiju i ekologiju. Temeljem toga cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti prisutnost i utvrditi brojnost američkog cvrčka, te učinkovitost tretiranja. Istraživanje je postavljeno 2018. godine na lokalitetu Ilok. Pratila se dinamika pojave i utvrdila se brojnost ličinki i odraslih oblika američkog cvrčka u vinogradima na tri različite lokacije u Iloku. Dinamika pojave i brojnost pratila se uz pomoć žutih ljepljivih ploča. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je prosječan ulov po žutoj ploči bio 2, 5 ili 9 američkih cvrčaka, ovisno o lokalitetu. Učinkovitost tretiranja pokazala se najuspješnijom u vinogradu na lokaciji „Principovac“, u kojemu su korištena zaštitna sredstva različitih skupina prema mehanizmu djelovanja. U istraživanju nisu utvrđeni simptomi zlatne žutice vinove loze.Leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus) is the only known natural vector of golden grapevine yellow. It feeds by sucking juice from the grapevine, receiving Flavescence dorée, which enters into its own organism and thus it transmitting by feeding from infected to healthy stock. For successfully control of leafhopper, it is very important to know it\u27s biology and ecology. Based on that the aim of this paper was to investigate the presence and determine the number of leafhoppers and treatments efficiency. The research was set up in 2018 at the Ilok site. The dynamics of the appearance and the number of larval and adult forms of leafhopper in vineyards were determined at three different locations. Dynamics of both elements was assessed by yellow adhesive plates. The study showed that the average catch per yellow adhesive plate was 2, 5 or 9 leafhoppers depending on the location. The most effective treatment was in the vineyard at the Principovac site, which included protective agents of different groups according to the mechanism of activity. In this study no symptoms of golden grapevine yellow were found

Utjecaj pripravka tekućeg pilećeg stajnjaka na zdravlje tla i agrokemijska svojstva tla

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of liquid chicken manure preparation on nematode biodiversity as an indicator of soil health and agrochemi-cal soil properties. The field experiment was conducted during two years into two treatments and three samplings per year. One plot was treated with liquid chicken manure preparation (LCMP) while the other plot, without manure application, was control (C). In the first year of this study, the treatments were conducted in the wheat plantation, while in the following year the culture was rapeseed. Results indicate that genus biodiversity was significantly higher in treatments with LCMP (18% in wheat, 28% in rapeseed). Indices of disturbance (MI, MI [2-5], PPI/MI) show statistically significant differences during the two years indicating ecosys-tem stability, reduction of plant parasitic nematodes and the multitude of beneficial nematodes in treatment with LCMP compared to C. The analysed agrochemical properties showed the increasement of organic matter content (60%) and P and K content in treatment with LCMP compared to C. It can be concluded that the use of LCMP significantly increases the nematode diversity and the stability of the soil ecosystem as well as a nutrient content in the soil which results in a reduced eco-nomic investment, primarily in the use of mineral fertilizers.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj preparata na bazi tekućega pilećega stajnjaka na biološku raznolikost nematoda kao pokazatelja zdravlja tla i agrokemijska svojstva tla. Pokus na terenu proveden je kroz dvije godine u dva tretmana i tri uzorkovanja godišnje. Jedna parcela tretirana je preparatima na bazi tekućega pilećega stajnjaka (LCMP), dok je druga bila kontrolna (C). U prvoj godini na pokusnim parcelicama bila je zasijana pšenica, a u drugoj uljana repica. Rezultati pokazuju da je bioraznolikost rodova bila značajno brojnija u tretmanima s LCMP-om (18% pšenica, 28% uljana repica). Indeksi uznemirenja (MI, MI[2-5], PPI/MI) pokazuju statistički značajne razlike kroz dvije godine te upućuju na stabilnost ekosustava, smanjenje fitoparazitskih nematoda i mnoštvo korisnih nematoda u LCMP tretmanu usporedno s kontrolom. Analizirana agrokemijska svojstva ukazuju na povećanje organske tvari za 60%, kao i sadržaja P i K u tlu u tretmanu s LCMP-om usporedno s kontrolom. Može se zaključiti da upotreba LCMP-a značajno povećava biološku raznolikost nematoda u tlu te stabilnost ekosustava, kao sadržaj hranjivih tvari u tlu, što za posljedicu ima smanjena ekonomska ulaganja, prvenstveno u upotrebi mineralnih gnojiva

Notch pathway connections in primary leukaemia samples of limited size

Background: The Notch pathway combined with other signalling molecules acts specifically for the development of each blood cell type and differentiation stage. A causative role of Notch dysfunction in leukaemia development has been found in many studies so, initially only for T- acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) but more recently also for B cell and myeloid leukaemia. The aim of our study is to introduce a method for multiple direct analysis of the Notch pathway partners in a population of only 500 or fewer cells. The notion of this method consists in gaining insight into gene expression at the level of the malignant clone population. A small number of cells is a significant limitation when working on primary cells either when freshly isolated or when analysed after several days in cocultures. Methods: The primers were designed to avoid genomic amplification through the selection of 3′ and 5′ primers that hybridise with different exons. Cell lines and primary cells were collected and multiplex quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) performed on a descending number of cells, ranging from 2, 500 cells up to 50 cells per sample, for the Notch pathway genes and other transcription factors important for cell differentiation. ImageJ program, STATISTICA 13.1 software package and Student’s t-test were used for statistical evaluation. We checked protein expression by western blot. Results: We characterised the gene expression levels of Notch, Ikaros and Parp genes in leukaemia cell lines of B and T origin and in primary leukaemia samples of limited size. We further compared our results to the cDNA analysis obtained by total RNA isolation from a large number of cells as routinely performed in clinical laboratories, and finally tested the method described on primary cells from leukaemia patients. Conclusions: This rapid multiple gene expression analysis of a small population of cells provides efficient cell classification determining malignant changes as an important additional information for clinical leukaemia diagnostics as well as for in vitro studies of primary cells

Nematodes as bioindicators of soil ecosystem status in the intercropping ecosystem of woody species and agricultural crops

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti utjecaj međuodnosa oraha i poljoprivrednih kultura na bioraznolikost nematoda u tlu, na strukturu zajednica te indekse uznemirenja tla i ekološke indekse raznolikosti kao i na parametre plodnosti i prinos. U svrhu istraživanja, pokusi su provedeni na tri različita ekosustava, na ekosustavu konsocijacije poljoprivredne kulture i oraha (K+O), na ekosustavu s orasima (O) i na ekosustavu s poljoprivrednom kulturom (K), na dva lokaliteta (Ivankovo i Đakovo), od 2017. do 2019. Ekosustav K+O pokazao je pozitivan utjecaj na indeks raznolikosti H', ukupnu i najveću prosječnu raznolikost rodova, posebno na raznolikost korisnih omnivora što ukazuje na stabilnost ekosustava. Bakterivore su bile značajno brojnije u ekosustavu K, a fungivore u ekosustavu O. Za razliku od navedenih ekosustava, ekosustav K+O ukazuje na razgradnju organskih tvari jednako i bakterijskim i gljivičnim putevima. Vrijednosti indeksa MI i MI 2-5 ukazuju na najveća uznemirenja nastala u ekosustavu K. Vrijednosti CI u ekosustavu O ukazuju na viši udio gljiva i fungivora koji sudjeluju u razgradnji organske tvari. Vrijednosti BI i EI u svim ekosustavima ukazuju na to da je uznemirenje tla prisutno, ali da hranidbena mreža u tlu nije iscrpljena. Vrijednosti SI ukazuju na razvijenost hranidbene mreže u tlu, dobar udio viših trofičkih skupina te na otpornost na pojavu štetnika u ekosustavima K+O i O. Metabolički otisci nematoda, visoka aktivnost bakterija i gljiva, veće količine organske tvari i vlage u tlu također ukazuju na pozitivan utjecaj ekosustava K+O, s obzirom na ekosustav K. Prinos pšenice se nije razlikovao, dok je prinos heljde bio smanjen u ekosustavu K+O. Također, izrađen je regresijski model za procjenu broja rodova nematoda na temelju analize kemijskih, fizikalnih i mikrobioloških svojstava tla s preciznošću od 87,5 % (Đakovo) i 86,68 % (Ivankovo).The aim of this study was to determine the impact of intercropping of permanent plantation and agricultural crops on biodiversity, community structure and indices of soil disturbance and ecological diversity, as well as on fertility parameters and yield. For the purpose, from 2017 to 2019 experiments were conducted at two sites (Ivankovo and Đakovo) with three different ecosystems: the intercropping ecosystem of agricultural crops and walnut (K + O), the ecosystem of walnut (O) and the ecosystem of agricultural crops (K). The K+O ecosystem showed a positive influence on the diversity index H', the total and average diversity of genera, especially on the diversity of beneficial omnivores, indicating the stability of the ecosystem. Bacterivores were significantly more numerous in ecosystem K, and fungivores in ecosystem O. Unlike these ecosystems, ecosystem K+O indicates decomposition of organic matter by both bacterial and fungal pathways. The values of MI and MI 2- 5 indicate the greatest disturbances in ecosystem K. CI values in ecosystem O indicate a higher proportion of fungi and fungivores involved in organic matter decomposition. BI and EI values in all ecosystems indicate that the soil is disturbed, but the soil food web is not impoverished. SI values indicate a developed soil food web, a good share of higher trophic groups and resistance to pests in ecosystems K+O and O. Metabolic footprints of nematodes, high activity of bacteria and fungi, higher amounts of organic matter and soil moisture also indicate a positive influence of ecosystem K+O, when compared to ecosystem K. Wheat yields did not differ, while buckwheat yield was lower in ecosystem K+O. In addition, a regression model was created to estimate the number of nematode genera based on the analysis of chemical, physical and microbiological properties of the soil with an accuracy of 87.53% (Đakovo) and 86.68% (Ivankovo)

Nematodes as bioindicators of soil ecosystem status in the intercropping ecosystem of woody species and agricultural crops

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti utjecaj međuodnosa oraha i poljoprivrednih kultura na bioraznolikost nematoda u tlu, na strukturu zajednica te indekse uznemirenja tla i ekološke indekse raznolikosti kao i na parametre plodnosti i prinos. U svrhu istraživanja, pokusi su provedeni na tri različita ekosustava, na ekosustavu konsocijacije poljoprivredne kulture i oraha (K+O), na ekosustavu s orasima (O) i na ekosustavu s poljoprivrednom kulturom (K), na dva lokaliteta (Ivankovo i Đakovo), od 2017. do 2019. Ekosustav K+O pokazao je pozitivan utjecaj na indeks raznolikosti H', ukupnu i najveću prosječnu raznolikost rodova, posebno na raznolikost korisnih omnivora što ukazuje na stabilnost ekosustava. Bakterivore su bile značajno brojnije u ekosustavu K, a fungivore u ekosustavu O. Za razliku od navedenih ekosustava, ekosustav K+O ukazuje na razgradnju organskih tvari jednako i bakterijskim i gljivičnim putevima. Vrijednosti indeksa MI i MI 2-5 ukazuju na najveća uznemirenja nastala u ekosustavu K. Vrijednosti CI u ekosustavu O ukazuju na viši udio gljiva i fungivora koji sudjeluju u razgradnji organske tvari. Vrijednosti BI i EI u svim ekosustavima ukazuju na to da je uznemirenje tla prisutno, ali da hranidbena mreža u tlu nije iscrpljena. Vrijednosti SI ukazuju na razvijenost hranidbene mreže u tlu, dobar udio viših trofičkih skupina te na otpornost na pojavu štetnika u ekosustavima K+O i O. Metabolički otisci nematoda, visoka aktivnost bakterija i gljiva, veće količine organske tvari i vlage u tlu također ukazuju na pozitivan utjecaj ekosustava K+O, s obzirom na ekosustav K. Prinos pšenice se nije razlikovao, dok je prinos heljde bio smanjen u ekosustavu K+O. Također, izrađen je regresijski model za procjenu broja rodova nematoda na temelju analize kemijskih, fizikalnih i mikrobioloških svojstava tla s preciznošću od 87,5 % (Đakovo) i 86,68 % (Ivankovo).The aim of this study was to determine the impact of intercropping of permanent plantation and agricultural crops on biodiversity, community structure and indices of soil disturbance and ecological diversity, as well as on fertility parameters and yield. For the purpose, from 2017 to 2019 experiments were conducted at two sites (Ivankovo and Đakovo) with three different ecosystems: the intercropping ecosystem of agricultural crops and walnut (K + O), the ecosystem of walnut (O) and the ecosystem of agricultural crops (K). The K+O ecosystem showed a positive influence on the diversity index H', the total and average diversity of genera, especially on the diversity of beneficial omnivores, indicating the stability of the ecosystem. Bacterivores were significantly more numerous in ecosystem K, and fungivores in ecosystem O. Unlike these ecosystems, ecosystem K+O indicates decomposition of organic matter by both bacterial and fungal pathways. The values of MI and MI 2- 5 indicate the greatest disturbances in ecosystem K. CI values in ecosystem O indicate a higher proportion of fungi and fungivores involved in organic matter decomposition. BI and EI values in all ecosystems indicate that the soil is disturbed, but the soil food web is not impoverished. SI values indicate a developed soil food web, a good share of higher trophic groups and resistance to pests in ecosystems K+O and O. Metabolic footprints of nematodes, high activity of bacteria and fungi, higher amounts of organic matter and soil moisture also indicate a positive influence of ecosystem K+O, when compared to ecosystem K. Wheat yields did not differ, while buckwheat yield was lower in ecosystem K+O. In addition, a regression model was created to estimate the number of nematode genera based on the analysis of chemical, physical and microbiological properties of the soil with an accuracy of 87.53% (Đakovo) and 86.68% (Ivankovo)