A rare case of live unruptured ovarian ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of embryo anywhere outside the uterus. The commonest location is fallopian tubes followed by previous scar, abdomen and ovary. Most of them terminates with rupture in first trimester and usually have an intricate diagnosis through surgery and histopathology. A lady in her early-thirties presented with brownish discharge per-vaginally with LMP 2 months ago and UPT positive 15 days ago. The scan revealed a good chorio-decidual reaction without any gestational sac in the uterus which was found live and unruptured along with the heartbeats in right adnexa. She was managed with emergency laparoscopic removal of the ectopic where the Gestational sac was not visualised in right tubes but astonishingly it was found in the right ovary. There were no complications post-operatively and patient was discharged in a stable condition. The overall increase in the incidence is admitted to IUCD, STI, ART, PID and many others. However, the actual factor remains unclear. The diagnosis is often made during surgery but histopathological confirmation is required. Spiegelberg Criteria defines the ovarian ectopic. Hence, it becomes peremptory to identify the cases early for complication prevention and the related deaths

Prevalence and study of lipid abnormalities in nephrotic syndrome attending a tertiary hospital, Nepal

Background: The nephrotic syndrome is a common presentation of adult or pediatric kidney diseases characterized by proteinuria, dyslipidemia, edema and hypoalbuminemia. Mainly, two types of dyslipidemia are observed: elevated serum cholesterol alone (hypercholesterolemia) and elevation of serum cholesterol along with triglyceride (combined hyperlipidemia). Therefore, majority of patients could predispose for the development of coronary artery disease and other related complications.Methods: This was the prospective hospital-based study conducted in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal. Total sixty patients who meet the inclusive criteria were selected and enrolled from Nephrology outpatient department (OPD) and ward, attending from May 2009 till August 2010.Results: In this study, total sixty patients were enrolled who was diagnosis as primary nephrotic syndrome that was established by clinical parameters supported by renal biopsy. Minimal change glomerulonephritis was common diagnosis by renal biopsy followed by Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The total serum cholesterol, TG and HDL was normal in 25%, 15%, 83.3% whereas, it is high among 75%,85% and 1.7% of the study populations. Similarly, 24hour urinary protein was >3.5gm/day in all patients. Total serum protein and albumin was normal in 18.3% and 8.3% respectively whereas, rest of the patients had low serum protein and albumin levels. TC/HDLc ratios were and among them, 70% had moderate to high risk value. Similarly, in this study, the serum cholesterol, TG and TC/HDL level was inversely correlated with low protein and albumin.Conclusions: Majority of patients have derangement of lipid profile among nephrotic syndrome patients, which could also predispose for the development of coronary artery disease

Influence of interlayer temperature on microstructure of 5183 aluminium alloy made by wire arc additive manufacturing

The variations in mechanical properties compared to the traditional processed (wrought) products, porosity formation, and solidification cracking are the primary concerns that may restrict industrial applications of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) aluminium alloy products. Interlayer temperature is one of the crucial factors that can adversely affect the built quality and properties of material produced using WAAM. The paper aims at the possible effects of different interlayer temperatures on the geometry and microstructure of WAAM aluminium 5183 alloy as a function of varying heat input. For a given heat input, samples built using a higher interlayer temperature (100°C) showed wider and shorter layer deposits with increased penetration compared with lower interlayer temperature (50°C) samples. Microstructure of the chosen material revealed columnar grains at each layer and equiaxed grains at layer overlap position and at top layer. Interlayer temperature had a minor influence on deposit geometry and microstructure

Reducing the burden of Tuberculosis: an emphasis on improving awareness among caregivers

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the common communicable disease affecting human beings since ancient times. Though effective chemotherapy emerged during 20th century had raised hope towards eliminating TB burden, it still remains as a distant goal. Awareness about TB among close contacts of active disease is of paramount importance in preventing its spread and promoting early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to assess the knowledge about tuberculosis among caregivers of tuberculosis patients.Methods: This was a cross sectional study that enrolled 300 subjects who were then caregivers of tuberculosis patients admitted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine. Subjects were interviewed according to a predesigned panel of questions meant to assess their basic knowledge and perceptions about tuberculosis symptomatology, diagnostic modalities, treatment and prevention.Results: About 90.3% (n=271) of subjects had heard about TB previously and about 37.7% (n=113) considered themselves to be well aware of it. Most of them believed TB to be communicable (90.3%, n=271). Majority believed that TB affects lungs only (n=206, 68.7%), with most commonly perceived symptom being cough (n=285, 95%). Knowledge regarding disposal of sputum was poor (n=110, 36.7%). About 168 (56%) subjects considered usage of face mask by the patient as an effective tool for TB prevention.Conclusions: Caregivers of tuberculosis patients lack proper knowledge about major aspects of the disease. Public awareness and care giver education programs needs to be implemented along with standard TB care to reduce transmission of TB among close contacts

Acoustic transfer of protein crystals from agarose pedestals to micromeshes for high-throughput screening

An acoustic high-throughput screening method is described for harvesting protein crystals and combining the protein crystals with chemicals such as a fragment library

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells in a Lymph Node Microenvironment Depict Molecular Signature Associated with an Aggressive Disease

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells survive longer in vivo than in vitro, suggesting that the tissue microenvironment provides prosurvival signals to tumor cells. Primary and secondary lymphoid tissues are involved in the pathogenesis of CLL, and the role of these tissue microenvironments has not been explored completely. To elucidate host-tumor interactions, we performed gene expression profiling (GEP) of purified CLL cells from peripheral blood (PB; n = 20), bone marrow (BM; n = 18), and lymph node (LN; n = 15) and validated key pathway genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and/or TCL1 trans-genic mice. Gene signatures representing several pathways critical for survival and activation of B cells were altered in CLL cells from different tissue compartments. Molecules associated with the B-cell receptor (BCR), B cell-activating factor/a proliferation-inducing ligand (BAFF/APRIL), nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and immune suppression signature were enriched in LN-CLL, suggesting LNs as the primary site for tumor growth. Immune suppression genes may help LN-CLL cells to modulate antigen-presenting and T-cell behavior to suppress antitumor activity. PB CLL cells overexpressed chemokine receptors, and their cognate ligands were enriched in LN and BM, suggesting that a chemokine gradient instructs B cells to migrate toward LN or BM. Of several chemokine ligands, the expression of CCL3 was associated with poor prognostic factors. The BM gene signature was enriched with antiapoptotic, cytoskeleton and adhesion molecules. Interestingly, PB cells from lymphadenopathy patients shared GEP with LN cells. In Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mice (the mouse model of the disease), a high percentage of leukemic cells from the lymphoid compartment express key BCR and NF-κB molecules. Together, our findings demonstrate that the lymphoid microenvironment promotes survival, proliferation and progression of CLL cells via chronic activation of BCR, BAFF/APRIL and NF-κB activation while suppressing the immune response

Ultrapermeable Thin Film ZIF-8/Polyamide Membrane for H-2/CO2 Separation at High Temperature without Using Sweep Gas

The use of thin film composites containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as filler is of widespread interest for nanofiltration issues, since their thin selective layer allows a high permeation flow. The application of this kind of membranes for gas separation should provide a better permeance in comparison with other polymeric membranes and a reduction in the amount of MOF required for their fabrication. Here, the preparation of 50-100 nm thick polyamide flat membranes containing zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles is shown via interfacial polymerization, containing a lower amount of MOF (0.013 g m(-2) membrane) as compared to other membranes used for gas separation. The membranes are applied for H-2/CO2 separation at high temperatures and pressures, showing a stable performance at 180 degrees C for at least seven days. Outstanding separation values are 328 GPU of H-2 and a H-2/CO2 selectivity of 18.1 at 180 degrees C and 6 bar feed without transmembrane pressure. These membranes, also measurable without sweep gas, are highly suitable for industrial application

Functionalized boron nitride membranes with ultrafast solvent transport performance for molecular separation

Pressure-driven, superfast organic solvent filtration membranes have significant practical applications. An excellent filtration membrane should exhibit high selectivity and permeation in aqueous and organic solvents to meet increasing industrial demand. Here, we report an amino functionalized boron nitride (FBN) based filtration membrane with a nanochannel network for molecular separation and permeation. This membrane is highly stable in water and in several organic solvents and shows high transport performance for solvents depending on the membranes' thickness. In addition, the FBN membrane is applicable for solute screening in water as well as in organic solvents. More importantly, the FBN membranes are very stable in acidic, alkaline and oxidative media for up to one month. The fast-flow rate and good separation performance of the FBN membranes can be attributed to their stable networks of nanochannels and thin laminar structure, which provide the membranes with beneficial properties for practical separation and purification processes