In Vitro Antiproliferative Efficacy, Antioxidant Activity and LC MS Based Metabolite Profiling of Premna Barbata Stem Bark

Premna barbata Wall. ex Schauer is used traditionally as folkloric medicines for the treatment of differentpathological conditions. The first reported constituent from the bark of the plant was an iridoid glycoside premnosidic acid having antioxidant activity. Other species of this genus i.e., Premna latifolia, Premna tomentosa has shown to have antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Despite the ethnomedicinal uses, no scientific evidence in support of antitumor activity on the stem bark of Premna barbata is reported so far. Hence, the current work aims to assess anticancer potentiality of different extracts of P. barbata on various cancer cell lines. Different extracts i.e., Petroleum ether extract (PBPE), Chloroform extract (PBCE), Ethyl acetate extract (PBEE) and Alcoholic extract (PBAE) were prepared and on each extract in-vitro antiproliferative activity was performed by using SRB assay. The most potent extract i.e., PBEE was then evaluated for antioxidant activity. Qualitative phytochemical investigation of different extracts indicates the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, steroids/triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic constituents. Ethyl acetate extract of Premna barbata gives potent cytotoxic activity in all cancer cell lines but more selectively to human colon cancer cell line (COLO-205) with GI 50 44.6 μg/ml. The phenolic and flavonoid content in ethyl acetate extract was 3.43±0.09 mg GE/g and 4.28±0.18mg QE/g respectively. Nineteen compounds were observed in positive (+) ESI mode chromatograms when LC-MS analysis was carried out. The LC-MS analysis by positive ionization mode, the predicted compounds such as Geniposidic acid (synonym: Premnosidic acid) and Rutin were detected. The cytotoxicity observed on cancerous cell lines in our study may be due to the presence of observed compounds. So, it can be concluded that Premna barbata stembark has remarkable cytotoxic activity against different tumor cell lines but the effect is more on colon cell lines as compared to others

An Updated Review on Solanum viarum Dunal

The Solanum viarum Dunal is commonly known as Sodom apple belonging to the family Solanaceae and the family consist of 75 genera and over 2000 species. The main chemical constituents of the plant are steroidal glycoside alkaloid like solasonine, solasodine, solamargine and also have flavonoids, saponins, minerals etc. The various parts of the plant like root, stem, fruit seeds, and flower are used medicinally. The pharmacological property of a plant depends on the presence of phyto constituents in the plant. As per the literature survey, Solanum viarum is reported for number of pharmacological activities, i.e., antioxidant antipyretic, antimicrobial, antifungal, analgesic, anticancer activity, in the treatment of anaemia etc. This review is aim at summarising the published knowledge of the ethno medicinal use, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Solanum viarum

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Senecio graciliflorus

Objective: Among natural products, essential oils and their contituents represent a structurally diverse group of organic compounds with significant antibacterial activity. This  study  is  oriented  to  assess  the  therapeutic  potential  of  plant constituents as new antimicrobial drugs. Methods: Aerial parts of Senecio graciliflorus was steam distilled and analysed by GC and GC-MS for the volatile constituents. Essential oil was studied for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method. Results: The results revealed that α-pinene and α-thujene are the major constituents of S. graciliflorus oil. In vitro studies showed significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the oil significantly inhibits the growth of baceria. S. graciliflorus would be another alternative for developing new pharmaceuticals for prevention bacterial diseases and provide a direction for the study of naturally derived drugs. Keywords: Asteraceae, Senecio graciliflorus, Essential oil, α-Pinene, Antibacterial activity

Observational Characteristics of solar EUV waves

Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) waves are one of the large-scale phenomena on the Sun. They are defined as large propagating fronts in the low corona with speeds ranging from a few tens km/s to a multiple of 1000 km/s. They are often associated with solar filament eruptions, flares, or coronal mass ejections (CMEs). EUV waves show different features, such as, wave and nonwave components, stationary fronts, reflection, refraction, and mode conversion. Apart from these, they can hit the nearby coronal loops and filaments/prominences during their propagation and trigger them to oscillate. These oscillating loops and filaments/prominences enable us to diagnose coronal parameters such as the coronal magnetic field strength. In this article, we present the different observed features of the EUV waves along with existing models.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 3rd BINA workshop proceedin

Eruptive-Impulsive Homologous M-class Flares Associated with Double-Decker Flux Rope Configuration in Mini-Sigmoid of NOAA 12673

We present a multiwavelength analysis of two homologous, short lived, impulsive flares of GOES class M1.4 and M7.3, that occurred from a very localized mini-sigmoid region within the active region NOAA 12673 on 2017 September 7. Both flares were associated with initial jet-like plasma ejection which for a brief amount of time moved toward east in a collimated manner before drastically changing direction toward southwest. Non-linear force-free field extrapolation reveals the presence of a compact double-decker flux rope configuration in the mini-sigmoid region prior to the flares. A set of open field lines originating near the active region which were most likely responsible for the anomalous dynamics of the erupted plasma, gave the earliest indication of an emerging coronal hole near the active region. The horizontal field distribution suggests a rapid decay of the field above the active region, implying high proneness of the flux rope system toward eruption. In view of the low coronal double-decker flux ropes and compact extreme ultra-violet (EUV) brightening beneath the filament along with associated photospheric magnetic field changes, our analysis supports the combination of initial tether-cutting reconnection and subsequent torus instability for driving the eruption.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

On generalized approximate convex functions and variational inequalities

In this paper, we consider a vector optimization problem involving locally Lipschitz generalized approximately convex functions and provide several concepts of approximate efficient solutions. We formulate approximate vector variational inequalities of Minty and Stampacchia type under the framework of Clarke subdifferentials and use these inequalities as a tool to characterize an approximate efficient solution of the vector optimization problem

Optimality and duality for nonsmooth semi-infinite mathematical program with equilibrium constraints involving generalized invexity of order

In this paper, we derive sufficient condition for global optimality for a nonsmooth semi-infinite mathematical program with equilibrium constraints involving generalized invexity of order σ > 0 assumptions. We formulate the Wolfe and Mond–Weir type dual models for the problem using convexificators. We establish weak, strong and strict converse duality theorems to relate the semi-infinite mathematical program with equilibrium constraints and the dual models in the framework of convexificators