Inflation with f(R,ϕ)f(R,\phi) in Jordan frame

We consider an $f(R)$ action that is non-minimally coupled to a massive scalar field. The model closely resembles scalar-tensor theory and by conformal transformation can be transformed to Einstein frame. To avoid the ambiguity of the frame dependence, we obtain an exact analytical solution in Jordan frame and show that the model leads to a period of accelerated expansion with an exit. Further, we compute the scalar and tensor power spectrum for the model and compare them with observations.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Exact inflationary solutions in exponential gravity

We consider a modified gravity model of the form $f(R,\phi)=R e^{h(\phi)R}$, where the strong gravity corrections are taken to all orders and $\phi$ is a self-interacting massless scalar field. We show that the conformal transformation of this model to Einstein frame leads to non-canonical kinetic term and negates the advantage of the Einstein frame. We obtain exact solutions for the background in the Jordan frame without performing conformal transformations and show that the model leads to inflation with exit. We obtain scalar and tensor power-spectrum in Jordan frame and show that the model leads to red-tilt. We discuss the implications of the same in the light of cosmological observations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

A social-cognitive model of trait and state levels of gratitude.

Three studies tested a new model of gratitude, which specified the generative mechanisms linking individual differences (trait gratitude) and objective situations with the amount of gratitude people experience after receiving aid (state gratitude). In Study 1, all participants (N = 253) read identical vignettes describing a situation in which they received help. People higher in trait gratitude made more positive beneficial appraisals (seeing the help as more valuable, more costly to provide, and more altruistically intended), which fully mediated the relationship between trait and state levels of gratitude. Study 2 (N = 113) replicated the findings using a daily process study in which participants reported on real events each day for up to14 days. In Study 3, participants (N = 200) read vignettes experimentally manipulating objective situations to be either high or low in benefit. Benefit appraisals were shown to have a causal effect on state gratitude and to mediate the relationship between different prosocial situations and state gratitude. The 3 studies demonstrate the critical role of benefit appraisals in linking state gratitude with trait gratitude and the objective situation

Investigation of Protein Patterns by Using Sds Page in Kidney, Liver and Brain of Cyprinus Carpio

Western transfer and dodecyl sodium sulphate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) are two of the most widely used and beloved techniques in cancer research to identify proteins and glycoproteins. the protein fraction expression on the protein profile is significantly lower on the seventh day than it is on the eighth, the protein fraction expression is directly inversely related to the number of days. In order to determine the number of protein bands expressed in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio exposed to mercury and lead as the number of days rose, electrophoretic research was conducted. The difference between the 27 bands for lead and 36 bands for mercury on the seventh day and the 29 bands for lead and 40 bands on the thirty-first day suggests that as the number of exposure days to lead and mercury rises, so do the number of protein bands that are expressed. Using gel electrophoresis, a mixture of proteins is categorized by kind and molecular weight in the Western Blotting method. The results are then put into a membrane, which results in the formation of a band for each protein. Two HSP70 gene bands were found in Cyprinus carpio tissues after exposure to lead and mercury

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Morphometric and Genetic Analyzes of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from Peninsular India

A holistic approach, combining one phenotypic and two genotypic methods, was adopted to analyze possible population differences in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from selected centers in the East and West coasts of India. Principal component analysis of truss landmark variables revealed that the area encompassing depth between the origin of anal and origin of second dorsal and caudal peduncle depth has high component loadings. Bivariate scatter plots of principal components showed a great degree of morphometric homogeneity between Indian mackerel populations from Mandapam, Kochi and Karwar. Clustering pattern of polypeptide markers revealed relatively greater population homogeneity among Mandapam fish (58%) than Kochi samples (33%). The three random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers used in the present study have generated a total of 59 loci varying in size from 560 to 4500 bp. None of the populations from Mandapam, Kochi and Karwar showed RAPD fragments of fixed frequencies, to be treated as population-specific markers. No significant differences were found among the three populations

Clam fisheries of Vembanad Lake, Kerala with observations on the socio economic conditions of the clam fisheries

Vembanad Lake is the main estuary system which harbours rich resources of clams along the south west coast of India. Villorita cyprinoides) is the main resource followed by Meretrix cata, Paphia malabarica and Suneta scripta.Annualy about 31650 tonnes of clams are harvested and out of which 31430 tonnes is contributed by the black clam

Role of gametes and asexual products of algae in the food chain of aquatic medium

Experiments conducted by keeping mussel larvae in filtered sea water along with fragments of Viva sp., Chaetomorpha sp. and Cladophora sp. capable of readily releasing gametes in the medium showed that the larvae could metamorphose to settling stage with in 15 to 18 days by actively feeding on the gametes released by these algae. It is also noticed that the breeding cycle of the above algae along with the other algae in the locality coincides with the peak breeding period of mussel in Vizhinjam and in other mussel bed areas. The asexual reproductive products of these algae have also been observed to play in similar role as diet of the larvae and adult mussels. The study shows that gametes and other reprouuctive cells released by algae form a microleval food chain in the aquatic medium enriching the ecosystem. The paper emphasises a new line of investigation to find out the impact of this micro level food chain to improve the fish and shellfish production in coastal brackish water and fresh water ecosystems by comparing the role of other algal groups on a global basis. Eventhough considerahle work has be~n done on a global on the reproduction and propagation of algae, the biologists throughout the world have been concentrating mostly on the biology of reproduction in these groups. However. the role of the gametes and other asexually released products in the aquatic medium other than their natural proc~s of propagation has not been studied. Among a few important works on algae the reviews on the reproduction of algae made by Bold and Wynne(1978) Fritsch (1977) and Bhatia (1975) are worth mentioning and they give a broad picture on the alternation of generations and the reproductive behaviour of the marine

Code list of common marine living resources of the Indian Seas (With Revised Version)

The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute has been estimating marine fish landings along the Indian Coast for the past three decades and the data are being furnished to Central and State Governments, Industry, and national and international agencies. The Institute is also involved with the assessment of our marine fishery resources and management of multispecies harvested by diverse fishing gears. In the years to come, our commercially utilised marine animal and plant resources may cover not only conventional fin-and shell-fishes.but also non-conventional groups, such as mesopelagics, sponges, corals and seaweeds. There are endangered groups, such as marine mammals and turtles, which are protected under Wildlife Act. They occur as incidental catches or are 'occasionally stranded and these need monitoring