Data on Chloride-related electrochemical deterioration of micro-alloyed steel in E20 simulated fuel ethanol blend

The data existing in this work relate to the study (Chloride effects on the electrochemi- cal degradation of micro-alloyed steel (MAS) in E20 simulated fuel ethanol blend (SFGE) (Joseph, 2017) [1] . Corrosion rates of MAS versus chloride concentration in E20 are pre- sented. Potentiodynamic polarization tests data were also covered. Composition analysis of the corrosion products as well as images of the samples’ surfaces before and after testing were also presented. The calculations are based on ASTM Standard G1-03 for determining mass loss and corrosion rates. Data are valuable to assess that there is increase in corro- sion rate with increase in chloride. Hence, it is noted that chloride could be reduced to the barest minimum in fuel ethanol. Pitting form of corrosion are presented in the scanning electron microscopic images

EXPERIMENTAL FAILURE INVESTIGATION OF AN AIRCRAFT NOSE LANDING GEAR

In 1994, sets of aircraft were introduced into the Nigerian Aviation Industry for training of pilots. The nose wheels of some of the aircraft collapsed particularly during hard landings. The failure modes include complete fracture of the landing gear from the firewall and the buckling. This is the thrust for this study which is aimed at ascertaining the cause and mechanism of failure experimentally with a view to preventing future occurrence. Fractography of the failed samples was carried out and the fractograph showed high energy fracture – beach marks, initiation sites and the propagation area on the failure surface which indicates fatigue failure. Chemical analysis of the landing gear component showed medium carbon steel of the tough grade instead of spring steel. Experimental analysis entailed the characterization of fractured parts of the undamaged and failed nose wheel struts by determining the mechanical properties and examining the structural morphology of test samples. Fatigue tests revealed high cycle low stress fatigue in the failed material. Microstructural examination showed intermetallic inclusions within the microstructure of the material which acted as stress raisers causing crack initiation and eventually fatigue fracture

Is There a Solution to the Problem of Lawyer Stress - The Law School Perspective

What is the result of all this stress? As previously noted in the Beck, Sales, and Benjamin study, more and more attorneys are turning to alcohol as a stress reliever. Also, a higher percentage of lawyers are dissatisfied with their personal relationships than the normal population. A poll conducted for the New York Law Journal by a Manhattan polling firm found that of the lawyers polled who had been divorced, fifty-six percent asserted that their careers in the law had contributed to the breakup of their marriages. Of great concern is the fact that an increasing number of attorneys are contemplating leaving the profession to escape the stress and overall dissatisfaction that they are experiencing

Prospective Study of 114 Consecutive Episodes of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia

From 1 April 1983 to 31 October 1985, 114 episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) were identified in 111 patients at the Buffalo Veterans Administration Medical Center. Only 14% of the episodes were community-acquired, and 29% were due to methicillin-resistant strains. The commonest foci of SAB were intravascular catheters (33%), postoperative wounds (11%), skin infections (7%), and pulmonary infections (7%). Complications were infrequent, with endocarditis in two patients and metastatic infection in one. Mortality due to SAB was 32%, with no difference in mortality between community-acquired and hospital-acquired SAB. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend of higher mortality for methicillin-resistant SAB (42%) than for methicillin-sensitive SAB (28%) and for patients with no focus of SAB (43%) than for those with a defined primary focus (28%). A review of studies of SAB published since 1940 revealed several trends. SAB is now predominately a nosocomial infection; intravascular-catheter infection has become the commonest cause of SAB; with several exceptions, the risk of endocarditis in patients with SAB is low (5%-20%); mortality due to SAB has decreased over the past 40 years but not over the past 10 years

Understanding the Observed Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function from z=6-10 in the Context of Hierarchical Structure Formation

Recent observations of the Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) luminosity function (LF) from z~6-10 show a steep decline in abundance with increasing redshift. However, the LF is a convolution of the mass function of dark matter halos (HMF)--which also declines sharply over this redshift range--and the galaxy-formation physics that maps halo mass to galaxy luminosity. We consider the strong observed evolution in the LF from z~6-10 in this context and determine whether it can be explained solely by the behavior of the HMF. From z~6-8, we find a residual change in the physics of galaxy formation corresponding to a ~0.5 dex increase in the average luminosity of a halo of fixed mass. On the other hand, our analysis of recent LF measurements at z~10 shows that the paucity of detected galaxies is consistent with almost no change in the average luminosity at fixed halo mass from z~8. The LF slope also constrains the variation about this mean such that the luminosity of galaxies hosted by halos of the same mass are all within about an order-of-magnitude of each other. We show that these results are well-described by a simple model of galaxy formation in which cold-flow accretion is balanced by star formation and momentum-driven outflows. If galaxy formation proceeds in halos with masses down to 10^8 Msun, then such a model predicts that LBGs at z~10 should be able to maintain an ionized intergalactic medium as long as the ratio of the clumping factor to the ionizing escape fraction is C/f_esc < 10.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures; results unchanged; accepted by JCA

Role of Chloride on the Fracture Behaviour of Micro‐alloyed Steel in E20 Simulated Fuel Ethanol Environment

The need to fully comprehend the potential of pipelines in fuel ethanol applications has necessitated this study. The influence of chloride in E20 on fracture toughness and tearing resistance of micro‐alloyed steel (MAS) was studied with three‐point bend specimens. Monotonic J‐integral tests were conducted with and without chloride. Results show a decrease in fracture toughness of MAS in the presence of chloride, and a concurrent increase in its ductile tearing resistance. Fractographic examinations showed that chloride in E20 promoted quasi‐cleavage fracture

MATERIAL PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION ON THE FAILURE OF AN AIRCRAFT (ABT-18) NOSE WHEEL STRUT

The study investigated the cause and mechanism of failure of the nose wheel strut of a trainer aircraft with respect to material selection.Various methods and tests ranging from visual examination via unaided eye and fractography, hardness tests, chemical analysis and microstructural examination were employed for the study. The results show chevrons on the fracture surface which indicates fatigue failure characteristic of brittle fracture. Also, thefractographshowsincidence of a ductile pull and high energy fracture.This is evident by the cone shape of the fractograph and the observed tear.Hardness tests results showed high discrepancy between the values of the failed and undamaged samples indicating loss of strength and ductility in the failed sample as a result of fatigue. The outcomeof chemical analysis revealed that the component is made from medium carbon steel of the tough grade instead of the required spring steel.Therefore, a major cause of the failurecan be linked to improper material specification for the nose wheel strut.The failure mechanism was further confirmed by microstructural examination which revealed fatigue cracks propagated from inclusions in the microstructure of the failed sampl

Efficiency of fertilizer topdressings on alfalfa

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