Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 cultures

Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.(undefined

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Inferring copy number variation from gene expression data: methods, comparisons, and applications to oncology

Copy number variations (CNVs) are genomic events where the number of copies of a particular gene varies from cell to cell. Cancer cells are associated with somatic CNV changes resulting in gene amplifications and gene deletions. However, short of single-cell whole-genome sequencing, it is difficult to detect and quantify CNV events in single cells. In contrast, the rapid development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies has enabled easy acquisition of single-cell gene expression data. In this work, we employ three methods to infer CNV events from scRNA-seq data and provide a statistical comparison of the methods’ results. In addition, we combine the analysis of scRNA-seq and inferred CNV data to visualize and determine subpopulations and heterogeneity in tumor cell populations

Quantum chemistry with near-Clifford circuits

The variational quantum eigensolver is a near-term quantum algorithm for solving molecular electronic structure problems on quantum devices. However, current hardware is restricted by the availability of only few, noisy qubits. This limits the investigation of larger, more complex molecules. In this work, we investigate how far we can go with classical or close-to-classical treatment while staying within the framework of quantum circuits. To this end, we consider both a naive and a physically motivated product ansatz for the parametrized wavefunction in form of the separable pair ansatz, which is classically efficient; this is combined with classical post-treatment to account for interactions between subsystems originating from this ansatz. The classical treatment is given by another quantum circuit that has support between the enforced subsystems and is folded into the Hamiltonian. To avoid an exponential increase in the number of Hamiltonian terms, the entangling operations are constructed from purely Clifford or near-Clifford circuits. While purely Clifford circuits can be simulated efficiently classically, they are not universal; in order to account for the thus missing expressibility, near-Clifford circuits with only few, selected non-Clifford gates are employed. The exact circuit structure to do so is molecule-dependent and is constructed using simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. We demonstrate our approach on a set of molecules of interest and explore how far the methodology reaches. Empirical validation of our approach using numerical simulations shows up to a 50% qubit reduction for some molecules

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes