7 research outputs found
Changes In Chemical Composition And Bioassay Assessment Of Nutritional Potentials Of Almond Fruit Waste As An Alternative Feedstuff For Livestock
Changes in chemical composition upon processing and bioassay assessment
of nutritional potentials of almond fruit waste as an alternative
feedstuff were conducted using day-old-cockerels. Proximate analyses
revealed that AFW contained valuable nutrients, carbohydrate/dry
matter, protein, fat, fiber, mineral matter (ash). The concentration of
some of these nutrients increased as the raw AFW was treated. The raw
AFW gave on analysis quantitatively high concentrations of the chemical
compounds, tannins, hydrocyanides, phytic acid and other un-quantified
chemical compounds like oxalates assessed qualitatively. Subjecting raw
AFW to lactic fermentation and enzymes treatments reduced the levels of
the phytochemicals. Bioassay of the treated and untreated AFW using
day-old cockerels and considering performance parameters showed that
treated AFW improved feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion
ratio even better than the results obtained on these indices on the
reference diet (p 0.05). Untreated AFW elicited misperformance and high
mortality of the test birds. It was concluded that the nutritional
value of AFW, if could be used as an alternative feedstuff for animals,
must be given adequate treatments
Haematological and hepatic indices of cockerels fed treated dietary Blighia sapida seeds
Ninety-six day old Lairier cockerel chicks were used in an experiment
to evaluate the after effects of detoxifying (soaking, boiling,
addition of riboflavin and glycine to antagonize hypoglycins) dietary
Blighia sapida (ackee apple) seed meal, BSSM. Blood chemistry,
haematology, liver morphology indices which dietary BSSM influenced and
reflected in the performance characteristics of the cockerels
investigated in a single-factor experimental design experiment were
assessed. Results showed that the residual phytotoxins of BSSM,
hypoglycins A & B with their metabolite MCPA at 17.50% inclusion of
the processed BSSM in diets elicited reduction in glucose, protein,
albumin, globulin while elevating blood cholesterol, creatinine,
urea,total and conjugated bilirubin relative to the reference diet (p
<0.05).Dietary BSSM similarly increased the transaminase activities
of AST/SGOT, ALT/SGPT including ACP (p < 0.05). BSSM based diets
also caused significant reduction in PCV, RBC, WBC, Hb as well as MCV,
MCH and MCHC similar to the results obtained on WBC differential counts
of neutrophils and lymphocytes in comparison with the conventional diet
(p < 0.05). Histopathological examinations on the liver samples
revealed that the control diet presented livers that were normal in
tissue morphology without inflammation or haemorrhage while the
photomicrographs of the liver samples of cockerels fed treated dietary
BSSM at 17.50% inclusion showed morphological patterns indicating
severe distortion suggesting evidence of haemorrhage and inflammation
with numerous blood cells occupying the available hepatic sinuses. The
poor results recorded on the biochemical, haematological and
morphological parameters were reflected in performance characteristics
as reduced feed intake, weight gain, growth rate, feed efficiency and
high mortality were obtained on diets containing BSSM compared with the
orthodox diet (p < 0.05). Findings of this experiment indicated that
for optimum results, processed BSSM be included in diets below the
17.50% level considered high for the birds in this study
Chromosome evolution and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits in greater yam
The nutrient-rich tubers of the greater yam, Dioscorea alata L., provide food and income security for millions of people around the world. Despite its global importance, however, greater yam remains an orphan crop. Here, we address this resource gap by presenting a highly contiguous chromosome-scale genome assembly of D. alata combined with a dense genetic map derived from African breeding populations. The genome sequence reveals an ancient allotetraploidization in the Dioscorea lineage, followed by extensive genome-wide reorganization. Using the genomic tools, we find quantitative trait loci for resistance to anthracnose, a damaging fungal pathogen of yam, and several tuber quality traits. Genomic analysis of breeding lines reveals both extensive inbreeding as well as regions of extensive heterozygosity that may represent interspecific introgression during domestication. These tools and insights will enable yam breeders to unlock the potential of this staple crop and take full advantage of its adaptability to varied environments
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Chromosome evolution and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits in greater yam.
The nutrient-rich tubers of the greater yam, Dioscorea alata L., provide food and income security for millions of people around the world. Despite its global importance, however, greater yam remains an orphan crop. Here, we address this resource gap by presenting a highly contiguous chromosome-scale genome assembly of D. alata combined with a dense genetic map derived from African breeding populations. The genome sequence reveals an ancient allotetraploidization in the Dioscorea lineage, followed by extensive genome-wide reorganization. Using the genomic tools, we find quantitative trait loci for resistance to anthracnose, a damaging fungal pathogen of yam, and several tuber quality traits. Genomic analysis of breeding lines reveals both extensive inbreeding as well as regions of extensive heterozygosity that may represent interspecific introgression during domestication. These tools and insights will enable yam breeders to unlock the potential of this staple crop and take full advantage of its adaptability to varied environments