Myotoxicity of telbivudine in pre-existing muscle damage

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>It is unknown if telbivudine causes muscle damage only in patients with pre-existing muscle pathology.</p> <p>Case report</p> <p>A 27 yo male of African origin received telbivudine for hepatitis B during 3 months. Three weeks after initiation of the drug he developed myalgia, and tiredness. Creatine-kinase increased from 278 U/l (n, <170 U/l) at baseline to 3243 U/l. Shortly after discontinuation of telbivudine muscle symptoms and hyper-CK-emia disappeared. The findings suggest that pre-existing muscle damage favored the myotoxic effect of telbivudine.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Telbivudine appears to cause accelerated muscle toxicity if given to patients who already have muscle damage. Patients under telbivudine should be closely monitored for muscular side effects and those with pre-existing muscle damage should not receive the drug.</p

Colour vision deficiencies in Alzheimer's disease

Objective: visual disorders are among the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. It is, however, still controversial as to whether Alzheimer's disease impairs colour vision. In this study, colour vision of Alzheimer's disease patients was tested using the Ishihara test and the PV‐16 choice test. The latter test, primarily designed for children, was chosen in order to avoid problems due to cognitive decline. Methods: 26 patients with mild to severe Alzheimer's disease (M:F=5:21; mean age: 80±9 years, range: 53-95 years) and 25 controls (M:F=5:20; mean age 80±10 years, range: 56-100 years) were rated after undergoing complete neuro‐ophthalmologic examination. Results: the Alzheimer's disease patients made significantly more unspecific errors in the Ishihara test (P=0.02) and in the PV‐16 choice test (P=0.0008) than the controls. No relation between test performance and severity of Alzheimer's disease was found. Conclusions: Alzheimer's disease patients have an unspecific colour vision deficiency independent of the severity of the diseas

How to Avoid Plagiarism: Student Handbook

In this handbook you’ll learn: – how to formulate your own ideas – how to correctly reference different sources – what exactly constitutes plagiarism – how to avoid various forms of plagiarism – examples of (in)famous cases of plagiarism – three tips against plagiarism – and finally, some advice for avoiding time pressure

How to Avoid Plagiarism: Student Handbook

In this handbook you’ll learn: – how to formulate your own ideas – how to correctly reference different sources – what exactly constitutes plagiarism – how to avoid various forms of plagiarism – examples of (in)famous cases of plagiarism – three tips against plagiarism – and finally, some advice for avoiding time pressure

How to Avoid Plagiarism: Student Handbook

In this handbook you’ll learn: – how to formulate your own ideas – how to correctly reference different sources – what exactly constitutes plagiarism – how to avoid various forms of plagiarism – examples of (in)famous cases of plagiarism – three tips against plagiarism – and finally, some advice for avoiding time pressure

Jak předcházet psaní prací na zakázku

PublishedPsaní prací na zakázku (contract cheating) je přestupek, kdy osoba využije nepřiznanou nebo neoprávněnou třetí stranu, aby jí pomohla vypracovat práci za účelem získání zápočtu, kreditů, akademického postupu a podobné výhody. Širší veřejnosti je tato problematika známa zejména v souvislosti s nabídkami komerčních firem, které zpracování prací inzerují na internetu. Kniha ukazuje, jak psaní prací na zakázku předcházet, následně jsou popsány významné kauzy, legislativa a výzkumy v zahraničí i v České republice

The bisphenol S contamination level observed in human follicular fluid affects the development of porcine oocytes

Bisphenol S (BPS), the main replacement for bisphenol A (BPA), is thought to be toxic, but limited information is available on the effects of Bisphenol S on ovarian follicles. In our study, we demonstrated the presence of Bisphenol S in the follicular fluid of women at a concentration of 22.4 nM. The effect of such concentrations of Bisphenol S on oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development is still unknown. Therefore, we focused on the effect of Bisphenol S on in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development. As a model, we used porcine oocytes, which show many physiological similarities to human oocytes. Oocytes were exposed to Bisphenol S concentrations similar to those detected in female patients in the ART clinic. We found a decreased ability of oocytes to successfully complete meiotic maturation. Mature oocytes showed an increased frequency of meiotic spindle abnormalities and chromosome misalignment. Alarming associations of oocyte Bisphenol S exposure with the occurrence of aneuploidy and changes in the distribution of mitochondria and mitochondrial proteins were demonstrated for the first time. However, the number and quality of blastocysts derived from oocytes that successfully completed meiotic maturation under the influence of Bisphenol S was not affected

Chemiluminescence as a PDT light source for microbial control

The photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a combination of using a photosensitizer agent, light and oxygen that can cause oxidative cellular damage. This technique is applied in several cases, including for microbial control. The most extensively studied light sources for this purpose are lasers and LED-based systems. Few studies treat alternative light sources based PDT. Sources which present flexibility, portability and economic advantages are of great interest. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro feasibility for the use of chemiluminescence as a PDT light source to induce Staphylococcus aureus reduction. The Photogem® concentration varied from 0 to 75 μg/ml and the illumination time varied from 60 min to 240 min. The long exposure time was necessary due to the low irradiance achieved with chemiluminescence reaction at μW/cm2 level. The results demonstrated an effective microbial reduction of around 98% for the highest photosensitizer concentration and light dose. These data suggest the potential use of chemiluminescence as a light source for PDT microbial control, with advantages in terms of flexibility, when compared with conventional sources.FAPESP (CePOF-CEPID)CNP

How to Prevent Plagiarism in Student Work

This handbook provide clear yet sufficiently comprehensive guidelines for situations that may arise in connection with plagiarism in the day-to-day academic routine. The handbook offers the opportunity to consider not only the aspects of originality in student work and how to explain the importance of source referencing to students and forms of plagiarism, but also how to recognise plagiarism and what software tools can be used for this purpose. Further, the handbook describes applying penalties for plagiarism and summarises the fundamental antiplagiarism advice from a teacher’s perspective into several practical pieces of advice