Claves bíblicas del Documento de Aparecida

El Documento de Aparecida ha tenido el tiempo suficiente para adentrarse en el corazón de los creyentes. Es hora de evaluar sus desafíos pastorales. En este artículo trataremos de analizar los principales elementos bíblicos que iluminan esta hoja de ruta de la Iglesia latinoamericana y caribeña en el próximo decenio

Statistical models and genetic evaluation of binomial traits

Generalized mixed model methodology and MCMC simulations were used to estimate genetic parameters for calving rate and calf survival with the normal, probit, and logistic models. Calving rate and calf survival were defined as 0 each time a cow failed to calf or a calf failed to survive to weaning age, otherwise they were set to 1. Data were available on 1,458 cows and on 5,015 calves. Cows produced a total of 4,808 records over 4 discrete generations of rotational crosses between Angus, Brahman, Charolais, and Hereford from 1977 to 1995. The heritability of calving rate and calf survival, the EPDs of sires, and mean performance for calving rate and calf survival for various rotational crossbreeding systems were computed. The probit model and the logistic model each failed a lack of fit test based on the scaled deviance for calf survival. Spearmen correlations measured potential change in the ranking of bull EPDs across models. The normal model estimate of heritability for calving rate and calf survival was 0.062 ± 0.023 and 0.038 ± 0.019, respectively. Heritability estimates from the other models were slightly larger when adjusted, but smaller than 20%. Spearman rank correlations were larger than 0.98 indicating a minimal change in the ranking of bull EPDs. The H-B two-breed rotation cows had a higher calving rate than A-B or C-B two-breed rotation cows. The best mating system for calving rate was the A-H two-breed rotation system (0.93 ± 0.07), and the best system for calf survival was the A-B-H three-breed rotation system (0.98 ± 0.03). Three- and four-breed rotation systems were similar to two-breed rotation cows for calving rate. The differences between three-breed and four-breed rotation systems were minimal. Heritability estimates found in this study for calving rate and calf survival were similar to the literature estimates. Sire EPD range varied among models but was less for the normal model. Predicted performance for mating systems is possible with estimates of genetic effects

Landscape Architecture of the Atacama Desert

This work focuses its reflection on the spatial and formal relationship between the conditions of extreme aridity of the Atacama Desert and the expression of an appropriate architecture where the contemporary notions of desert landscape and sustainable architecture intersect. The conditions of the desert environment are presented and differentiated between the different ecological levels that, by altitude, distinguish and determinate the architectural response. The notion of the desert landscape linked with the occupation of the Andean cultures is mentioned, contrasting this analysis but not under the traditional concepts that understand the desert landscape as an inhospitable landscape or a place that is not favorable for living beings. On the contrary, we propose to understand the desert as an ecologically fragile landscape of high scenic value, in which a desert culture has been developed, in the archaeological field, in the agriculture of the oases, and a great productive activity of the sustainable mining industry. Finally, the environmental invariants that are considered at the architectural design level are established as attributes or environmental properties integrated in an ecological framework allowing us to distinguish how these significant entities in a certain context organize in an unprecedented way how to inhabit the desert

On the influence of metastable states and the behavior of the EEDF in the characterization of the negative glow of a N2-Ar discharge by OES

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is an essential diagnostic technique in many plasma systems, such as those used for surface treatments or fabrication of thin films. Despite the simplicity of application of OES, its interpretation is not straightforward. In particular, it requires the use of models, which due to the complexity and variety of discharge conditions, have not yet been fully understood [1]–[3]. In addition, Langmuir probes have been widely used to characterize plasmas. They allow the measurement of several parameters of interest, such as the electron density and temperature, as well as the determination of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) by numerical derivation of the characteristic V − I [4] or by probe-current modulation [5]. In this work, some second positive system bands in the negative glow of an Ar-N2 plasma at a pressure of 2.5 Torr were investigated both by OES and Langmuir probes, for different mixture concentrations. The main purpose of this study was to verify how metastable states and the behavior of the EEDF may influence the interpretation of OES dataFil: Isola, Lucio Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: López, Maia Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Bernardo Jose Armando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Guerra, Vasco. Instituto Superior Tecnico; Portuga

When collective ignorance is bliss: Theory and experiment on voting for learning

When do groups and societies choose to be uninformed? We study a committee that needs to vote on a reform which will give every member a private state-dependent payoff. The committee can vote to learn the state at no cost. We show that the committee votes not to learn the state whenever independent voters are more divided than partisans. This implies that groups with conflicting preferences tend to seek less information. A laboratory experiment shows that committees are substantially more likely to vote against acquiring information when the theory predicts them to do so. We also observe deviations from theory that are largely explained by cognitive limitations. At the same time, subjects with more experience or with greater strategic competence are more likely to vote in line with the theory, providing evidence for external validity of the model.We thank Universidad del Rosario for hosting the experiment, and the financial support from Central Bank of Colombia grant 3754, Spanish Ministry of the Economy grant MDM 2014-0431, and Comunidad de Madrid grant S2015/HUM-344

EXAMINING THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE IT INNOVATION PROCESS

Although there is a considerable literature about the factors that affect the innovation process, little is known concerning the factors that affect the IT innovation process. Thus, this exploratory study drawns upon theories such as: Woodman´s model, Bandura´s self-efficacy theory, the goal orientation theory, Vroom´s expectancy theory and the theory of trying to propose an integrative understanding of the factors that influence the IT innovation process. Theoretical predictions were empirically tested via a field study of 88 potential innovators. Results provide strong support for the research model. Theoretical implications for IT innovation process research are discussed

Cooling Process Analysis of a 5-Drum System for Radioactive Waste Processing

A cooling system design for the processing of radioactive waste drums is investigated in this work, with the objective of providing insights for the determination of the air flow rate required to ensure an acceptable slag temperature (323 K or below) after 5 days. A methodology based on both 3D and 2D axisymmetric Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling is developed. Transient temperature distributions within the drums in time and space determined by the heat transfer characteristics are studied in detail. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out assuming different physical properties of the radioactive slag. It was found out that for all variations analyzed, the maximum temperature of slag at the end of five days cooling is below 323 K, where the maximum outlet air temperature for a minimum air inlet velocity of 1 m/s is between 320 K and 323 K depending on the radioactive slag properties. When glass-like radioactive slag properties are assumed, the internal heat conduction within the slag is limiting the overall heat transfer, therefore requiring significantly longer cooling times