Evaluation of spatial and functional roughness parameters on air-abraded zirconia as a function of particle type and deposition pressure

Purpose: This study evaluated the spatial and functional roughness parameters on air-abraded zirconia as a function of particle type and deposition pressure. Materials and Methods: Polished zirconia blocks (Cercon, Degussa/Dentsply) (N=30) with dimensions of 5 × 4 × 4 mm3 were air abraded according to 2 factors: a) particle type – 30-μm silica-coated alumina (CoJet) or alumina particles (45 μm); b) deposition pressure (1.5, 2.5 and 4.5 bar). Roughness parameters (Sdr, Vi, Sci and Svi) were measured in an optical profilometer (Wyko NT 1100) at the center of the air-abraded area (301.3 × 229.2 μm). Two measurements were made for each parameter from each surface. The means of each group were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s adjustment test and Student’s t-test (alpha = 0.05). Results: Both the particle type (p 0.05) in these parameters for either particle type. Conclusion: Considering roughness parameters for micromechanical retention and parameters for adsorption mechanisms of adhesion, zirconia surfaces presented better morphological features when air abraded with silica-coated alumina than alumina particles at pressures higher than 1.5 bar. Particle deposition at 2.5 bar may be preferable to 4.5 bar pressure for avoiding possible deposition-related damage on zirconia, as there were no significant differences for the functional parameters

Filmes de SiOx crescidos em substrato de zircônia tetragonal policristalina estabilizada por ítria: influência na durabilidade da adesão a cimentos resinosos

Este estudo comparou o efeito de filmes à base de Si depositados pela técnica reactive magnetron sputtering com o uso do jateamento de partículas de alumina e a aplicação de primer na adesão de cimentos resinoso a superfície de zircônia. Blocos de zirconia (N=300) (4,5×4,5)mm foram sinterizados e regularizados com lixas de SiC (1200), sonicamente limpos com água destilada por 10 min e randomicamente divididos em 30 grupos (n=10) de acordo com 3 parâmetros: 1- cimento resinoso (Panavia/Kuraray; Multilink/Ivoclar; RelyX U100/3M); 2- tratamento de superfície (sem tratamentocontrole, Metal/Zirconia Primer, jateamento com partículas + Metal/Zirconia Primer, Filme A + Monobond S; Filme B + Monobond S); 3- termociclagem (TC). Parâmetros de rugosidade da superfície (Ra, Rz, Sdr) foram avaliados por Microscopia de Interferência e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Cilindros de cimento resinoso foram construídos (Ø: 2,4 mm; altura: 2 mm) sobre a superfície de zirconia. O ensaio de resistência adesiva ao cisalhamento foi realizado no momento inicial (24 h) e após a termociclagem (5o- 55oC, 6.000 ciclos) utilizando máquina de ensaio universal (1 mm/min). As superfícies fraturadas foram analisadas por microscopia ótica (30×) e MEV (100× e 2000×) para categorizar o modo de falha. Adicionais blocos de zirconia (15×15)mm confeccionados para análises por Espectroscopia por Retroespalhamento de Rutheford (RBS), e Trabalho de Adesão (WA) após os tratamentos de superfície. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados por Anova 3-fatores e 11 teste Tukey (5%). Fotomicrografias revelaram microdefeitos nos filmes. Os resultados de Wa mostraram que os filmes melhoraram a molhabilidade da superfície. As análises por RBS mostraram que a concentração elementar dos filmes...This study compared the effect of si-based nanofilm deposition using reactive magnetron sputtering to application of air-abrasion (alumina particles) and zirconia primers on the adhesion of resin cements to zirconia. Zirconia (Nblocks=300) (4.5 mm × 3.5 mm × 4.5 mm) were sintered, ground finished to 1200 SiC paper and cleaned ultrasonically in distilled water for 10 min. The blocks were randomly divided into 30 groups (n=10) according to 3 testing parameters: 1- Resin Cements (Panavia/Kuraray; Multilink/Ivoclar; RelyX U100/3M); 2- Surface conditioning (no conditioning-control, Metal/Zirconia Primer, air-abrasion + Metal/Zirconia Primer, Sibased film A + Monobond S; Si-based film B + Monobond S); 3- Aging (with and without). Surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Sdr) before and after surface conditioning were evaluated using interference microscopy (IM). Rutheford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Work of Adhesion (WA) analyses were performed after surface treatments. Resin cements were incrementally built up (Ø: 2.4 mm; height: 4 mm) on the zirconia surfaces. Bonded specimens were then thermocycled (5o-55oC, 6,000 cycles). Shear bond strength (SBS) was performed using the Universal Testing Machine (1 mm/min). After fracture, the surfaces were analyzed using an optical microscopy (30 ×), SEM (100 × and 2000 ×) to categorize the failure modes. The data were statistically evaluated using 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). Scanning Electron Microscopy showed micro defects on Si-based nanofilms surface. The result to Wa showed that surface coated with Si-based nanofilms improved wetability when compared to the other surface treatments. RBS analysis showed that was produced films with different chemical elemental concentration. While air-abraded... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

The Effect of Water or Wax-based Binders on the Chemical and Morphological Characteristics of the Margin Ceramic-Framework Interface

This study evaluated the effect of binder choice in mixing ceramic powder on the chemical and morphological features between the margin ceramic-framework interfaces. Titanium and zirconia frameworks (15 x 5 x 0.5 mm3) were veneered with margin ceramics prepared with two different binders, namely a) water/conventional or b) wax-based. For each zirconia framework material, four different margin ceramics were used: a- Creation Zi (Creation Willi Geller International); b- GC Initial Zr (GC America); Triceram (Dentaurum); and d- IPS emax (voclar Vivadent). For the titanium framework, three different margin ceramics were used: a- Creation Ti (Creation Willi Geller International); b- Triceram (Dentaurum); and c- VITA Titaniumkeramik (Vita Zahnfabrik). The chemical composition of the framework-margin ceramic interface was analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and porosity level was quantified within the margin ceramic using an image program (ImageJ) from four random areas (100 x 100 pixels) on each SEM image. EDS analysis showed the presence of Carbon at the margin ceramic-framework interface in the groups where wax-based binder technique was used with the concentration being the highest for the IPS emax ZirCAD group. While IPS system (IPS ZirCAD and IPS Emax) presented higher porosity concentration using wax binder, in the other groups wax-based binder reduced the porosity of margin ceramic, except for Titanium - Triceram combination

AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DE DIFERENTES MATERIAIS RESTAURADORES TEMPORÁRIOS, UTILIZADOS COMO BARREIRA NA PASSAGEM DO OXIGÊNIO DURANTE O CLAREAMENTO INTERNO / IN VITRO EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIALS USED AS BARRIER IN THE PASSAGE OF OXYGE

Objetivos: Avaliar a capacidade seladora de diferentes materiais restauradores provisórios usados como barreira na passagem do oxigênio durante o clareamento interno. Métodos: Foram utilizados 30 dentes bovinos armazenados em solução de timol a 0,1%, preparados, impermeabilizados e distribuídos randomicamente em 3 grupos (n=10), de acordo com o material selador: G1:Riva Self Cure; G2:Bioplic; G3:Coltosol. Os dentes foram submetidos ao clareamento pela técnica Imediata (Whiteness Blue, FGM), fixados com compósito (Filtek Z350 XT,3M ESPE) em um fio ortodôntico n º 7  e adaptados em um recipiente plástico para que apenas 2 mm abaixo do limite amelocementário ficasse submersa em água destilada. As amostras foram analisadas por um oxímetro (Digimed, São Paulo, Brasil) para medição da liberação de oxigênio após 1, 7, 14 e 21 dias. Os dados foram submetidos a 2-way ANOVA e a diferença entre as médias foi analisada pelo teste de Tukey (p = 0.05) Resultados: Tanto o material (p = 0,0011) quanto o período de avaliação (p < 0,000), tiveram efeito no resultado de liberação de oxigênio, porém a interação dos fatores não (p = 0,0515). G3 apresentou maior liberação de O2, sendo esta menor após 1 dia. À partir de 7 dias, não teve mais aumento estatisticamente significante da liberação do oxigênio. Conclusão: Baseado nos resultados, Bioplic e Riva apresentaram menores  médias de liberação de oxigênio e com relação ao tempo 24h mostrou a menor liberação de oxigênio e à partir de 7 dias, não teve mais aumento estatisticamente significante de oxigênio

Using lithium glass infiltration to enhance the properties of alumina bodies

The use of an infiltration process to improve the properties of sintered materials has been widely investigated. This work describes the research carried out in the manufacturing of lithium glass-infiltrated alumina. The infiltration material consisted of a mixture of elements such as Li2O, ZrO2, SiO2 Al2O3, CaO and La2O3. Alumina specimens were sintered in air at 1400 °C for 2 hours. A number of samples were then submitted to the infiltration process at 1400 °C for 15 minutes. Sintered and infiltrated specimens were characterized by X ray diffraction, apparent density, open porosity, flexural strengths and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the infiltration process considerably improves the properties of alumina bodies