Fatores anatomofisiologicos que afetam a qualidade oocitária em bovinos

Resumo: Para estudar os fatores anatomofisiológicos que interferem na qualidade de complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCOs) bovinos, foram obtidas 396 ovários após abate de 198 fêmeas Bos indicus em frigorífico. Os ovários foram separados por categorias, sendo distribuídos em nulípara vs multípara e com progesterona (P4 - presença de corpo lúteo em um dos ovários) vs sem progesterona (NP4 - ausência de corpo lúteo). Todos os folículos foram mensurados e categorizados em pequenos (<6mm), médios (6 a 9mm) ou grandes (>9mm). Em seguida todos os folículos foram puncionados e os CCOs recuperados e avaliados morfologicamente. Não houve diferença na taxa de recuperação nem na qualidade dos CCOs de fêmeas nulíparas vs multíparas. O percentual de CCOs desnudos/degenerados foi maior no grupo NP4 e os CCOs expandidos foram superiores no grupo P4. A taxa de recuperação e o percentual de CCOs selecionados para PIV (graus I e II) foram similares nos grupos P4 vs NP4. Folículos pequenos apresentam menor taxa de recuperação em comparação aos de tamanho médio e grande, porém o percentual de CCOs de grau I foi superior em folículos pequenos e médios. Diante dos resultados aqui encontrados conclui-se que a categoria da doadora e a progesterona não influenciaram a qualidade de CCOs selecionados para PIV e que folículos menores apresentam de CCOs de melhor qualidade

Impacto técnico e econômico das perdas de solo e nutrientes por erosão no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar Economic and technical impact in soil and nutrient loss through erosion in the cultivation of sugar can

O objetivo geral foi demonstrar o impacto técnico e econômico das perdas de solo e nutrientes por erosão no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Propôs-se avaliar as perdas de nutrientes por erosão (P, K, Ca e Mg), o custo de reposição de nutrientes e o de produção da cana em dois sistemas de colheita (cana crua e queimada) em Catanduva - SP, em área de 100 ha para cada sistema, formadas e colhidas no mesmo período (2002 a 2007), com similaridade quanto ao tipo de solo, variedade, topografia e numero de cortes. A metodologia baseou-se na equação universal da perda de solos e teoria dos custos de produção e de reposição de nutrientes. A maior perda de solo e de nutrientes por erosão ocorreu nas áreas de cana queimada; a cana queimada (corte manual), na média dos cinco cortes, perde 48,82% por hectare a mais de solo, 56,45 % de potássio (K) e 60,78 % de fósforo (P) do que a cana crua (corte mecanizado); o custo de reposição de nutrientes, em média, na cana queimada (R$33,92 ha-1 ano-1), foi superior ao da cana crua (R$ 21,12 ha-1 ano-1); a cana crua apresentou menor custo de produção (R$29,60 Mg-1) quando comparado à cana queimada (R$ 32,71 Mg-1); a cana crua apresentou maior retorno médio (R$5,70 Mg-1ano-1) com relação à cana queimada (R$ 2,59 Mg-1).<br>The general objective was to show the economic and technical impact in soil and nutrient loss through erosion in the cultivation of sugar cane. It was specifically to evaluate the nutrient loss through erosion (P, K, Ca and Mg), the cost of replacing the nutrients and the production of sugar cane in two harvesting systems (raw and burned sugar cane) in Catanduva, state of São Paulo, Brazil. An area of 100 ha was studied for each system, formed and harvested in the same period (2002 and 2007), with similarities in the type of soil, variety, topography, and the number of cuts. The methodology was based on the universal equation of soil loss and the theory of production costs and the replacement of nutrients. The greatest loss of soil nutrients and erosion occurred in the areas of the burned sugar cane; the burned sugar cane (cut by hand), the average of five cuts, losses 48.82% per hectare of land, 56.45% of potassium (K) and 60.78% of phosphorus (P) than the raw sugarcane (mechanical harvesting), the replacement cost of nutrients, on average, by the burned cane (R$33.92 ha-1 year-1) was higher that the raw sugarcane (R$ 21.12 ha-1 year-1), the raw sugar cane had lower production cost (R$29.60 Mg-1) compared to the burned sugar cane (R$ 32.71 Mg-1) ; the raw sugar cane had a higher average return (R$5.70 Mg-1year-1) with respect to the burned sugar cane (R$ 2.59 Mg-1)

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background: Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods: The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results: A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion: Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)