The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of integrating mental health services in primary care in low- and middle-income countries : systematic review

Q1Artículo original1-13Aims and method This systematic review examines the effectiveness and costeffectiveness of behavioural health integration into primary healthcare in the management of depression and unhealthy alcohol use in low- and middle-income countries. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review included research that studied patients aged ≥18 years with unhealthy alcohol use and/or depression of any clinical severity. An exploration of the models of integration was used to characterise a typology of behavioural health integration specific for low- and middle-income countries. Results Fifty-eight articles met inclusion criteria. Studies evidenced increased effectiveness of integrated care over treatment as usual for both conditions. The economic evaluations found increased direct health costs but cost-effective estimates. The included studies used six distinct behavioural health integration models. Clinical implications Behavioural health integration may yield improved health outcomes, although it may require additional resources. The proposed typology can assist decision-makers to advance the implementation of integrated models

Possibilities for the future of global mental health: a scenario planning approach.

BACKGROUND: Global mental health is a widely used term describing initiatives in policies, research and practice to improve the mental health of people worldwide. It has been gaining momentum over the last 10 years, reflected in increasing funding opportunities, training programmes, and publications. In light of the rising importance of global mental health and the various uncertainties about its future directions, this paper explores what the future may hold for global mental health in 30 years' time. METHOD: A scenario planning method was used, involving a workshop with experts from four continents and a range of backgrounds, including clinical and academic psychiatry, psychology, art and music therapy, service user advisory role, funder of global health research and post-graduate students. RESULTS: Six distinct scenarios that describe potential future situations were developed: universal standards for care; worldwide coordination of research; making use of diversity; focus on social factors; globalised care through technology; mental health as a currency in global politics. CONCLUSIONS: These scenarios consider different social, economic, scientific and technological drivers and focus on distinct aspects. Some reflect a global application of possible trends in mental health, whilst others apply general global developments to mental health care. They are not fixed forecasts, but instead may help to promote discussion and debate about further developments and decisions

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

Network of actors involved in the identification, care, and follow-up of unhealthy alcohol use in primary care in Colombia

This article explores the structure of the network of actors involved in the care of individuals with unhealthy alcohol use (UAU) at the primary care level in five primary care centers in Colombia between 2017 and 2018. We use the Actor-Network Theory FraQ3Revista Nacional - IndexadaCN

The DIADA Project : a technology-based model of care for depression and risky alcohol use in Primary Care Centres in Colombia

Introducción Las personas con enfermedades mentales son frecuentes en atención primaria, pero son subdiagnosticadas y poco tratadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un modelo para depresión y uso riesgoso de alcohol y los resultados de su implementación en centros de atención primaria en Colombia. Métodos Entre febrero de 2018 y marzo de 2020 se implementó, siguiendo una metodología modificada de stepped-wedge, un modelo de atención, basado en la tecnología, para depresión y uso riesgoso de alcohol en 6 centros de atención primaria, urbanos y rurales, en Colombia. El modelo incluye una serie de pasos dirigidos a la detección de pacientes que acuden a cita con médicos generales y al apoyo del diagnóstico y el tratamiento del médico general. Describimos el modelo, la implementación y las características de los pacientes tamizados y evaluados. Resultados Durante la implementación, se realizaron 22.354 tamizaciones en 16.188 pacientes. La tasa observada de depresión confirmada por médico general fue del 10,1% y de uso riesgoso de alcohol fue del 1.3%. Los pacientes con diagnóstico de depresión fueron principalmente mujeres de mediana edad, mientras que los pacientes con uso riesgoso de alcohol fueron principalmente hombres adultos jóvenes. Discusión Proveer capacitación y estrategias basadas en la tecnología para tamizar pacientes y apoyar la toma de decisiones de los médicos durante la cita médica mejoró el diagnóstico y la atención de los pacientes con depresión y uso riesgoso de alcohol. Sin embargo, las limitaciones de tiempo, así como las barreras estructurales y culturales, fueron desafíos para la implementación del modelo, por lo que el modelo debe tener en cuenta los valores, las políticas y los recursos locales para garantizar su sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, la sostenibilidad a largo plazo del modelo dependerá de la alineación de actores, incluidos los tomadores de decisiones, las instituciones, las aseguradoras, los médicos, los pacientes y las comunidades, para reducir la cantidad de pacientes que buscan atención médica y cuyo trastorno mental sigue sin detectarse y, por lo tanto, sin manejarse, y para garantizar una respuesta adecuada a la demanda de atención de salud mental que se observó con la implementación de nuestro modelo.Introduction People with mental health conditions frequently attend primary care centres, but these conditions are underdiagnosed and undertreated. The objective of this paper is to describe the model and the findings of the implementation of a technology-based model of care for depression and unhealthy alcohol use in primary care centres in Colombia. Methods Between February 2018 and March 2020, we implemented a technology-based model of care for depression and unhealthy alcohol use, following a modified stepped wedge methodology, in 6 urban and rural primary care centres in Colombia. The model included a series of steps aimed at screening patients attending medical appointments with general practitioners and supporting the diagnosis and treatment given by the general practitioner. We describe the model, its implementation and the characteristics of the screened and assessed patients. Results During the implementation period, we conducted 22,354 screenings among 16,188 patients. The observed rate of general practitioner-confirmed depression diagnosis was 10.1% and of confirmed diagnosis of unhealthy alcohol use was 1.3%. Patients with a depression diagnosis were primarily middle-aged women, while patients with unhealthy alcohol use were mainly young adult men. Discussion The provision of training and technology-based strategies to screen patients and support the decision-making of general practitioners during the medical appointment enhanced the diagnosis and care provision of patients with depression and unhealthy alcohol use. However, time constraints, as well as structural and cultural barriers, were challenges for the implementation of the model, and the model should take into account local values, policies and resources to guarantee its long-term sustainability. As such, the long-term sustainability of the model will depend on the alignment of different stakeholders, including decision-makers, institutions, insurers, general practitioners, patients and communities, to reduce the amount of patients seeking medical care whose mental health conditions remain undetected, and therefore untreated, and to ensure an appropriate response to the demand for mental healthcare that was revealed by the implementation of our model.Revista Nacional - Indexad

Experiences and outcomes of group volunteer befriending with patients with severe mental illness : an exploratory mixed-methods study in Colombia

Background: Improving care for patients with severe mental illness in Latin America requires effective strategies that are low-cost. One such strategy is a volunteering scheme, referred to as befriending, which seeks to support the social integration of pQ2Revista Internacional - IndexadaA1S

Global mental health and the diada project

The DIADA project, understood as a mental healthcare implementation experience in the context of a middle-income country like Colombia, promotes a necessary discussion about its role in the global mental health framework. The following article outlines thRevista Nacional - IndexadaCN

Presenteeism, absenteeism, and lost work productivity among depressive patients from five cities of Colombia

Q215-19Pacientes adultos diagnosticados con depresión mayor o dobleObjectives To estimate productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism and their determinants in patients with depression from five Colombian cities. Methods We used data from a multicenter, mixed-methods study of adult patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder or double depression (major depressive disorder plus dysthymia) during 2010. The World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire was used to assess absenteeism and presenteeism. We explored the determinants of productivity losses using a two-part model. We also used a costing model to calculate the corresponding monetary losses. Results We analyzed data from 107 patients employed in the last 4 weeks. Absenteeism was reported by 70% of patients; presenteeism was reported by all but one. Half of the patients reported a level of performance at work at least 50% below usual. Average number of hours per month lost to absenteeism and presenteeism was 43 and 51, respectively. The probability of any absenteeism was 17 percentage points lower in patients rating their mental health favorably compared with those rating it poorly (standard error [SE] 0.09; P < 0.10) and 19 percentage points higher in patients with at least one comorbidity compared with patients with none (SE 0.10; P < 0.10). All other covariates showed no significant associations on hours lost to absenteeism. Patients with favorable mental health self-ratings had 16.4 fewer hours per month of presenteeism compared with those with poor self-ratings (SE 4.52; P < 0.01). The 2015 monetary value of productivity losses amounted to US $840 million. Conclusions This study in a middle-income country confirms the high economic burden of depression. Health policies and workplace interventions ensuring adequate diagnosis and treatment of depression are recommended

Health-related quality of life and health literacy among adult primary care patients with subsidized or contributive health insurance in Colombia

Q3Context Colombia passed Law 100 in 1993 with the goal of providing universal health care coverage, and by 2013, over 96% of the Colombian population had health insurance coverage. However, little is known about how health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health literacy are related among those with the two most common types of health insurance coverage: subsidised (those with lower incomes) and contributory (those with higher incomes) coverage. Objectives and methods In the current exploratory investigation, data from adults visiting six primary care clinics in Colombia were analysed to examine the relationship between HRQoL (assessed as problems with mobility, self-care, completing usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), demographics, the two health insurance types, and health literacy. Analyses also assessed whether, within insurance types, health literacy was related to HRQoL. Results Results showed that those with contributory health insurance coverage had greater health literacy than those with subsidised coverage, and this was accounted for by differences in education and socioeconomic status. HRQoL did not differ by insurance type. Although lower health literacy was related to worse HRQoL in the overall sample, in subgroup analyses lower health literacy significantly related to worse HRQoL only among those with subsidised health insurance coverage. Conclusion Targeting skills which contribute to health literacy, such as interpreting medical information or filling out forms, may improve HRQoL, particularly in those with subsidised insurance coverage.Revista Internacional - Indexad