Can we speak of a negative psychological tetrad in sports? A probabilistic Bayesian study on competitive sailing

INTRODUCTION: Researchers display an interest in studying aspects like the mental health of high-performance athletes; the dark side of sport, or the earliest attempts to study the so-called dark triad of personality in both initiation and high-performance athletes. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the possible existence and magnitude of negative psychological aspects within a population of competition sailors and from a probabilistic point of view, using Bayesian Network analysis. METHODS: The study was carried out on 235 semi-professional sailors of the 49er Class, aged between 16 and 52 years (M = 24.66; SD = 8.03). RESULTS: The results show the existence of a Negative Tetrad-formed by achievement burnout, anxiety due to concentration disruption, amotivation and importance given to error-as a probabilistic product of the psychological variables studied: motivation, anxiety, burnout and fear of error. CONCLUSION: These results, supported by Bayesian networks, show holistically the influence of the social context on the psychological and emotional well-being of the athlete during competition at sea

Emotion in Cervantes and Shakespeare

Early modern thought found in emotion a key to explaining human behaviour, highlighting the powerful way in which it can influence and disturb human life. Shakespeare’s and Cervantes’s treatment of emotion includes a full acknowledgement of its mental and bodily aspects and functions. But emotion rarely comes in a pure state. Character and emotion interact and their responses are often contradictory. Since emotions are sentiments that we feel and actions that we perform, it is worth inquiring into how, in Cervantes and Shakespeare, emotion affects their characters in different ways