Intraoperative coronary grafts flow measurement using the TTFM flowmeter: results from a domestic sample

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intraoperative graft patency and identify grafts under risk of early occlusion. METHODS: Fifty four patients were submitted to coronary artery bypass surgery and the graft flow was assessed by the Flowmeter (Medtronic Medistim), which utilizes the TTFM method. Three patients had left main disease and 48 had normal or mildly reduced left ventricular function. RESULTS: In hospital mortality was 3.7% (two patients), one for mesenteric thrombosis and one due to cardiogenic chock. Seventeen patients (34%) were submitted to off pump CABG. Arterial Graft flow measures ranged from 8 to 106 ml/min (average 31.14 ml/min), and venous grafts flow ranged from 9 to 149 ml/min (average 50.42 ml/min). CONCLUSION: Flowmeter use represents higher safety both for patients and surgeons. Even under legal aspects, the documentation provided by the device can avoid future questionings.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a perviedade dos enxertos no intraoperatório e identificar enxertos com risco de oclusão precoce. MÉTODOS: Cinquenta e quatro pacientes foram submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio e foi utilizado o fluxômetro (Medtronic Medi-Stim) que utiliza o método de tempo de trânsito (TTFM) para avaliação do fluxo nos enxertos. Três pacientes tinham lesão de tronco de artéria coronária esquerda e 48 apresentavam função ventricular normal ou pouco comprometida. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade hospitalar foi de dois (3,7%) pacientes, um por trombose mesentérica e outro por choque cardiogênico. Dezessete (31,4%) pacientes foram operados sem circulação extracorpórea (CEC). O fluxo no enxerto arterial variou de 8 a 106 ml/min, com média de 31,14 ml/min, e nos enxertos venosos de 9 a 149 ml/min, com média de 50,42 ml/min. CONCLUSÃO: O fluxômetro representa maior segurança para o cirurgião e para o paciente. Até mesmo sob o aspecto legal essa documentação dos enxertos pérvios evitará questionamentos futuros.UNIFESP Hospital BandeirantesHospital BandeirantesUNIFESPInstituto de Cardiologia Dante PazzaneseUNIFESP, Hospital BandeirantesUNIFESPSciEL

Development and assessment of a multimedia computer program to teach pleural drainage techniques

OBJECTIVE: To develop a multimedia educational computer program designed to teach pleural drainage techniques to health professionals, as well as to evaluate its efficacy. METHODS: We planned and developed a program, which was evaluated by 35 medical students, randomized into two groups. Group 1 comprised 18 students who studied using the program, and group 2 comprised 17 students who attended a traditional theoretical class given by an experienced teacher. Group 1 students were submitted to two subjective evaluations using questionnaires, and both groups took an objective theoretical test with multiple choice questions and descriptive questions. The results of the theoretical test were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The subjective evaluation of the technological aspects and content of the program ranged from excellent to very good and good. The software was considered highly instructive by 16 students (88.9%), and 17 students (94.4%) thought it might partially substitute for traditional classes. Between the two groups, there was no significant difference in the multiple choice test results, although there was such a difference in the descriptive question results (p < 0.001), group 1 students scoring higher than did those in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The computer program developed at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) proved to be a feasible means of teaching pleural drainage techniques. The subjective evaluation of this new teaching method revealed a high level of student satisfaction, and the objective evaluation showed that the program was as efficacious as is traditional instruction.OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um programa educacional de computador sobre drenagem pleural voltado a profissionais de saúde, com recursos de multimídia, e avaliar sua eficácia com alunos. MÉTODOS: Foi planejado o desenvolvimento do programa e a avaliação foi realizada com 35 alunos do curso de medicina divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. O grupo 1, composto por 18 alunos, estudou com o programa e o grupo 2, com 17 alunos, recebeu uma aula teórica tradicional, com professor experiente. Os alunos do grupo 1 foram submetidos a duas avaliações subjetivas por questionários, e os alunos de ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma prova teórica objetiva com testes de múltipla escolha e questões descritivas. Os resultados da prova teórica foram comparados por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: A avaliação subjetiva quanto aos aspectos de informática e conteúdo mostrou resultados entre ótimo, muito bom e bom. O programa foi considerado totalmente didático por 16 alunos (88,9%) e 17 alunos (94,4%) responderam que pode vir a substituir parcialmente as aulas tradicionais. Não houve diferença significante entre os dois grupos nos testes de múltipla escolha, mas houve diferença significante nas questões descritivas (p < 0,001). O grupo 1 obteve notas maiores que as do grupo 2. CONCLUSÕES: O desenvolvimento do programa de computador para ensino de drenagem pleural na Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)/Escola Paulista de Medicina mostrou-se factível. A avaliação subjetiva deste novo método de ensino mostrou-se altamente satisfatória e a avaliação objetiva mostrou que o programa foi tão eficaz quanto o ensino tradicional.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Informática em SaúdeUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Informática em SaúdeSciEL

Sistema de drenagem digital: até onde podemos chegar?

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Hospital São Paulo Department of Thoracic SurgeryABC School of Medicine Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Department of Thoracic SurgeryFederal University of São Paulo School of Medicine Hospital São Paulo Department of Thoracic SurgeryUNIFESP, EPM, Hospital São Paulo Department of Thoracic SurgeryUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUNIFESP, EPM, Hospital São Paulo Department of Thoracic SurgerySciEL

Randomized trial - oxybutynin for treatment of persistent plantar hyperhidrosis in women after sympathectomy

OBJECTIVE: Hyperhidrosis is a common disease, and thoracoscopic sympathectomy improves its symptoms in up to 95% of cases. Unfortunately, after surgery, plantar hyperhidrosis may remain in 50% of patients, and compensatory sweating may be observed in 70%. This clinical scenario remains a challenge. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of oxybutynin in the treatment of persistent plantar hyperhidrosis and compensatory sweating and its effects on quality of life in women after thoracoscopic sympathectomy. METHOD: We conducted a prospective, randomized study to compare the effects of oxybutynin at 10 mg daily and placebo in women with persistent plantar hyperhidrosis. The assessment was performed using a quality-of-life questionnaire for hyperhidrosis and sweating measurement with a device for quantifying transepidermal water loss. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01328015. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included in each group (placebo and oxybutynin). There were no significant differences between the groups prior to treatment. After oxybutynin treatment, there was a decrease in symptoms and clinical improvement based on the quality-of-life questionnaire (before treatment, 40.4 vs. after treatment, 17.5; p = 0.001). The placebo group showed modest improvement (p = 0.09). The outcomes of the transepidermal water loss measurements in the placebo group showed no differences (p = 0.95), whereas the oxybutynin group revealed a significant decrease (p = 0.001). The most common side effect was dry mouth (100% in the oxybutynin group vs. 43.8% in the placebo group; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Oxybutynin was effective in the treatment of persistent plantar hyperhidrosis, resulting in a better quality of life in women who had undergone thoracoscopic sympathectomy.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Department of Infectious DiseasesUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Thoracic SurgeryUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Infectious DiseasesSciEL

O pré-condicionamento isquêmico influencia a contratilidade ventricular na cirurgia sem extracorpórea Ischemic preconditioning influence ventricular function in off-pump revascularization surgery

FUNDAMENTO: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico é um método que prepara e protege a célula para suportar um período de isquemia prolongada com menor dano celular possível. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do pré-condicionamento isquêmico na contratilidade ventricular esquerda durante a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea. MÉTODO: Quarenta pacientes com indicação para revascularização do miocárdio foram randomizados em dois grupos, com e sem pré-condicionamento isquêmico. O pré-condicionamento isquêmico foi obtido realizando a oclusão coronária por dois minutos e liberação do fluxo sanguíneo por um minuto, sendo realizados dois ciclos. A contratilidade ventricular esquerda foi avaliada por meio de Doppler pulsado da aorta torácica descendente (Hemosonic 100). As medidas da aceleração do fluxo sanguíneo na aorta foram obtidas antes do início do procedimento, após o posicionamento do coração e com cinco e dez minutos de oclusão coronária. RESULTADOS: No início do procedimento, a aceleração do fluxo foi de 9,37 ± 2,9m/s² no grupo com pré-condicionamento, e de 12,5 ± 3,1 m/s² no grupo sem pré-condicionamento (p = 0,23). Após o posicionamento do coração foi de 8,47 ± 3,3 e 8,31 ± 3,6 m/s² (p=0,96); com cinco minutos foi de 8,7 ± 4,1 e 7,94 ± 2,9 m/s² (p = 0,80); e com dez minutos foi de 9,2 ± 4,5 e 7,98 ± 3,4 m/s² (p=0,71), respectivamente. No entanto, o comportamento da contratilidade ventricular foi diferente ao longo do tempo. No grupo pré-condicionado houve manutenção da contratilidade ventricular em relação ao início do procedimento (p = 0,52), enquanto que no grupo sem pré-condicionamento houve redução da contratilidade ventricular (p = 0,0034). CONCLUSÕES: O Pré-condicionamento isquêmico evitou a redução da contratilidade ventricular esquerda durante a realização da revascularização do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea.<br>BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning is a method that prepares and protects cells to tolerate a long period of ischemia with the least possible injury. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the influence of ischemic preconditioning over left ventricular function during off-pump myocardial revascularization. METHOD: Forty patients with clinical indication for off-pump myocardial revascularization were randomized in two groups, with or without ischemic preconditioning. Ischemic preconditioning was carried out by performing coronary occlusion for two minutes and releasing blood flow for one minute; two cycles were performed. Left ventricular contractility was evaluated through transesophageal Doppler by measuring blood flow acceleration in the descending aorta - Hemosonic 100. The acceleration measurements were performed at the start of the surgery, after heart positioning and five and ten minutes after coronary occlusion. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in left ventricular contractility between the two groups. At the beginning of the procedure flow acceleration was 9.37 ± 2.9m/s² in the preconditioning group and 12.5 ± 3.1 m/s² in no-preconditioning group (p = 0.23); after positioning of heart, it was 8.47 ± 3.3 and 8.31 ± 3.6 m/s² (p = 0.96); after five minutes - 8.7 ± 4.1 and 7.94 ± 2.9 m/s² (p = 0.80); and after ten minutes - 9.2 ± 4.5 and 7.98 ± 3.4 m/s² (p = 0.71). However, contractility evolution was different throughout time in each group. The preconditioning group maintained left ventricular contractility during the entire procedure, since the beginning (0.52), while the group without ischemic preconditioning presented reduction in left ventricular contractility (p = 0.0034). CONCLUSION: Ischemic preconditioning prevented the decrease in left ventricular contractility during off-pump myocardial revascularization surgery