9 research outputs found

    A new experimental approach to the study of beauty

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    Theories of beauty perception have tilting between the importance of the golden section, and the importance of cultural and learning factors on perception of beauty. The contradiction between those approaches may be solved by taking in account the real golden proportion rather than the ideal golden proportion. A new framework to conduct new and more comprehensive experimental approaches to the study of beauty is proposed

    Effects of context change upon retrieval of first and second-learned information in human predictive learning

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    Se presentan dos experimentos que eval煤an el efecto del cambio
 de contexto sobre la recuperaci贸n de la informaci贸n acerca de una relaci贸n
 clave-consecuencia en aprendizaje predictivo humano. Los resultados
 encontrados replican el bien conocido efecto de renovaci贸n de la relaci贸n
 clave-consecuencia por el cambio de contexto despu茅s del tratamiento de
 interferencia retroactiva, as铆 como el efecto nulo del cambio de contexto
 sobre la adquisici贸n antes de que la interferencia tenga lugar (Experimento
 2). No obstante, la asociaci贸n simple clave-consecuencia se vio
 negativamente afectada por el cambio de contexto cuando esta asociaci贸n
 fue establecida en un contexto donde otra clave hab铆a sufrido un tratamiento
 de interferencia (Experimentos 1 y 2). Cuando los participantes reciben el
 tratamiento de interferencia en un contexto, la relaci贸n simple claveconsecuencia
 aprendida en un contexto distinto tambi茅n se convierte en
 espec铆fica del contexto. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados
 para la teor铆a de la recuperaci贸n de la informaci贸n

    Latent timing in human conditioned avoidance.

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    Context switch effects and Context Experience in Rats' Conditioned Taste Aversion

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    Dos experimentos evaluaron la especificidad contextual de la aversi贸n condicionada al sabor en ratas en funci贸n de la experiencia con el contexto. Las ratas recibieron un 煤nico emparejamiento entre un sabor X y una inyecci贸n de LiCl en un contexto distintivo (contexto A) recibiendo posteriormente una prueba bien en el mismo contexto o en un contexto diferente pero igualmente familiar (contexto B). El experimento 1 encontr贸 que el cambio de contexto atenu贸 la aversi贸n a X cuando los contextos eran nuevos en el momento del condicionamiento. No se encontr贸 un efecto de cambio de contexto cuando las ratas tuvieron experiencia con los contextos antes del condicionamiento. El experimento 2 encontr贸 que el consumo fue m谩s bajo en el contexto de condicionamiento que en el contexto alternativo, independientemente de que el est铆mulo fuera condicionado o no lo fuera, sugiriendo que en esta situaci贸n los contextos ejercen su control a trav茅s de asociaciones directas contexto-consecuencia

    AAB and ABA Renewal as a Function of the Number of Extinction Trials in Conditioned Taste Aversion

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    Se realizaron tres experimentos en los que se explor贸 el efecto de renovaci贸n en aversi贸n condicionada al sabor en
 funci贸n del n煤mero de ensayos de extinci贸n. En el Experimento 1, tres
 grupos de ratas recibieron un ensayo de condicionamiento, donde una
 soluci贸n de sacarina se emparej贸 con LiCl, seguido por tres ensayos de
 extinci贸n y dos ensayos de prueba. Los grupos difirieron en el contexto
 donde recibieron cada una de las fases (AAA, ABA y AAB). El cambio de
 contexto despu茅s de la extinci贸n renov贸 la aversi贸n condicionada al sabor,
 independientemente de si aqu茅l implic贸 el regreso al contexto de
 condicionamiento (ABA) o el paso a un contexto diferente (AAB). En el Experimento 2, aumentar el n煤mero de ensayos de extinci贸n a 5 elimin贸 la
 renovaci贸n en el grupo AAB. El Experimento 3 replic贸 estos resultados
 dentro de un dise帽o factorial. Se discuten las implicaciones del efecto
 diferencial de la cantidad de extinci贸n en la renovaci贸n AAB y ABA para la
 teor铆a de la recuperaci贸n de la informaci贸n

    Experiencing Extinction Facilitates Subsequent Acquisition of Positive, but not Negative Patterning in Human Predictive Learning

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    Two experiments evaluated whether the experience of extinction facilitates subsequent acquisition of patterning discriminations in human predictive learning. Both experiments compared acquisition of negative and positive patterning discrimination between a group of participants that had experienced extinction with a nontarget cue, and a group of participants that had not. Experiment 1 found that acquisition of positive (Experiment 1a) and negative (Experiment 1b) patterning discriminations with the target cues, when they were independently trained, took place at the same rate regardless of the extinction experience with the nontarget cue. Experiment 2 found that, when positive and negative patterning discriminations were concurrently trained, experiencing extinction facilitated the acquisition of positive, but not negative patterning. Results suggest the existence of some boundaries for the idea that experiencing uncertainty facilitates subsequent learning because of the activation of the exploratory mechanism of attention as proposed by recent attentional associative learning theories.N

    Role of Formal Aesthetic Education in the Relationship between Golden Proportion and Perception of the Beauty of Artistic Stimuli

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    The golden ratio is defined as an uncanny relationship between numbers and beauty that roots in a two millennian tradition. Two experiments evaluated the relationship between formal aesthetic education and the evaluation of beautifulness of artistic golden ratio stimuli by comparing performance of two groups of university students: Fine Arts students, and students without formal training in art. In Experiment 1, both groups of participants had to choose between pairs of black and white adaptations of Mondrian paintings modified to fit either the golden or the 1/6 proportion. Both groups preferentially chose golden ratio stimuli as more beautiful than 1/6 stimuli, with such preference being significantly greater in Fine Arts students. When the comparison was conducted between golden ratio and symmetrical stimuli (1/2 proportion stimuli) in Experiment 2, Fine Arts students clearly chose the golden ratio stimuli as the most beautiful one, while no differences were found in university students without formal art education. Specific art education seems to favor perception of beauty based in golden ratio, as suggested by traditional literature on perception of beauty, though it is also possible that Fine Arts education is chosen by students that are born with a greater aesthetic sensitivity.N
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